1
|
Kimberly TQ, Frasch MH, Kauzlarich SM. Colloidal synthesis of two-dimensional nanocrystals by the polyol route. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39046257 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The field of 2D nanomaterials is ever-growing with a myriad of synthetic advancements that have been used to obtain such materials. There are top-down, as well as bottom-up, fabrication methods for obtaining 2D nanomaterials; however, synthesis of 2D nanomaterials from solution offers a simple scalable way to control size, shape, and surface. This review outlines the recent advances in colloidal polyol synthesis of 2D nanomaterials and provides perspectives on the similarities and differences in various syntheses. Various materials classes are presented and discussed, including metals, oxides, chalcogenides, and halides, that can be synthesized as 2D nanomaterials via a polyol process. Throughout the literature, polyol media is demonstrated to be versatile not only as a solvent and reducing agent for metal precursors but also as a binding and shape-directing agent for many 2D nanomaterials. Polyols also offer the ability to dissolve various surfactants and additives that can further control the morphology and composition of various nanomaterials. In this review, we outline the various 2D materials that have been realized via the solution polyol route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Q Kimberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Michelle H Frasch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | - Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kimberly TQ, Wang EYC, Navarro GD, Qi X, Ciesielski KM, Toberer ES, Kauzlarich SM. Into the Void: Single Nanopore in Colloidally Synthesized Bi 2Te 3 Nanoplates with Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:6618-6626. [PMID: 39005532 PMCID: PMC11238327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Bi2Te3 is a well-known thermoelectric material that was first investigated in the 1960s, optimized over decades, and is now one of the highest performing room-temperature thermoelectric materials to-date. Herein, we report on the colloidal synthesis, growth mechanism, and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 nanoplates with a single nanopore in the center. Analysis of the reaction products during the colloidal synthesis reveals that the reaction progresses via a two-step nucleation and epitaxial growth: first of elemental Te nanorods and then the binary Bi2Te3 nanoplate growth. The rates of epitaxial growth can be controlled during the reaction, thus allowing the formation of a single nanopore in the center of the Bi2Te3 nanoplates. The size of the nanopore can be controlled by changing the pH of the reaction solution, where larger pores with diameter of ∼50 nm are formed at higher pH and smaller pores with diameter of ∼16 nm are formed at lower pH. We propose that the formation of the single nanopore is mediated by the Kirkendall effect and thus the reaction conditions allow for the selective control over pore size. Nanoplates have well-defined hexagonal facets as seen in the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images. The single nanopores have a thin amorphous layer at the edge, revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Thermoelectric properties of the pristine and single-nanopore Bi2Te3 nanoplates were measured in the parallel and perpendicular directions. These properties reveal strong anisotropy with a significant reduction to thermal conductivity and increased electrical resistivity in the perpendicular direction due to the higher number of nanoplate and nanopore interfaces. Furthermore, Bi2Te3 nanoplates with a single nanopore exhibit ultralow lattice thermal conductivity values, reaching ∼0.21 Wm-1K-1 in the perpendicular direction. The lattice thermal conductivity was found to be systematically lowered with pore size, allowing for the realization of a thermoelectric figure of merit, zT of 0.75 at 425 K for the largest pore size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Q Kimberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Evan Y C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gustavo D Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao Qi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kamil M Ciesielski
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Eric S Toberer
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Susan M Kauzlarich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kimberly T, Ciesielski KM, Qi X, Toberer ES, Kauzlarich SM. High Thermoelectric Performance in 2D Sb 2Te 3 and Bi 2Te 3 Nanoplate Composites Enabled by Energy Carrier Filtering and Low Thermal Conductivity. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:2816-2825. [PMID: 38828036 PMCID: PMC11137805 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Thermoelectrics are an important class of materials with great potential in alternative energy applications. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates of the layered chalcogenides, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3, are synthesized and composites of the two are investigated for their thermoelectric properties. The two materials, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3, were synthesized as hexagonal, 2D nanoplates via a colloidal polyol route. The as-synthesized Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3 vary drastically from one another in their lateral and vertical dimensions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The single crystalline nanoplate nature is deduced by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. Nanoplates have well-defined hexagonal facets as seen in the scanning and transmission electron microscopy images. The nanoplates were consolidated as an anisotropic nanostructured pellet via spark plasma sintering. Preferred orientation observed in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy images of the fractured pellets confirm the anisotropic structure of the nanoplates. Thermoelectric properties in the parallel and perpendicular directions were measured, revealing strong anisotropy with a significant reduction to thermal conductivity in the perpendicular direction due to increased phonon scattering at nanoplate interfaces. All compositions, except that of the 25% Bi2Te3 nanoplate composite, behave as degenerate semiconductors with increasing electrical resistivity as the temperature increases. The Seebeck coefficient is also increased dramatically in the nanocomposites, the highest reaching 210 μV/K for 15% Bi2Te3. The increase in Seebeck is attributed to energy carrier filtering at the nanoplate interfaces. Overall, these enhanced thermoelectric properties lead to a drastic increase in the thermoelectric performance in the perpendicular direction, with zT ∼ 1.26, for the 15% Bi2Te3 nanoplate composite at 450 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanner
Q. Kimberly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kamil M. Ciesielski
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xiao Qi
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eric S. Toberer
- Department
of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, 1523 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Susan M. Kauzlarich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim C, Kim T, Cho J. Selective Charge Carrier Transport and Bipolar Conduction in an Inorganic/Organic Bulk-Phase Composite: Optimization for Low-Temperature Thermoelectric Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5036-5049. [PMID: 38105489 PMCID: PMC10836361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant conducting polymers are promising organic substances for low-temperature thermoelectric applications due to their inherently low thermal conductivities. By introducing a conducting polymer filler (PEDOT:PSS─poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)) into a representative inorganic thermoelectric matrix (Bi2Te3), a bulk-phase composite (i.e., inorganic matrix/organic filler) for low-temperature thermoelectric applications is proposed. This composite hosts an interfacial energy barrier between the inorganic and organic components, facilitating controlled carrier transport based on its energy level, known as the energy filtering effect, and thus the composite exhibits a highly improved Seebeck coefficient compared to pristine Bi2Te3. The composite also displays a completely different temperature dependence on the Seebeck coefficient from Bi2Te3 due to its distinct bipolar conduction tendency. By regulation of the energy filtering effect and bipolar conduction tendency, the composite undergoes noticeable variations in the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in a significantly enhanced power factor. Furthermore, the composite shows a substantially reduced thermal conductivity compared to Bi2Te3 because it has lower carrier/lattice thermal contributions, possibly attributed to its high carrier/phonon scattering probabilities. Owing to the superior power factor and reduced thermal conductivity, the composite exhibits markedly enhanced thermoelectric performance, achieving a maximum figure of merit of approximately 1.26 at 380 K and an average figure of merit of approximately 1.23 in the temperature range of 323-423 K. The performance of the composite is competitive with previously reported n-type Bi2Te3 binary or ternary analogues. Therefore, the composite is highly expected to be a promising n-type counterpart of p-type Bi2Te3-based alloys for various low-temperature thermoelectric applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cham Kim
- Division
of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute
of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewook Kim
- Department
of Energy Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook
National University (KNU), 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju 37224, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jaehun Cho
- Division
of Nanotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute
of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Al-Fartoos MMR, Roy A, Mallick TK, Tahir AA. Advancing Thermoelectric Materials: A Comprehensive Review Exploring the Significance of One-Dimensional Nano Structuring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2011. [PMID: 37446526 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Amidst the global challenges posed by pollution, escalating energy expenses, and the imminent threat of global warming, the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions has become increasingly imperative. Thermoelectricity, a promising form of green energy, can harness waste heat and directly convert it into electricity. This technology has captivated attention for centuries due to its environmentally friendly characteristics, mechanical stability, versatility in size and substrate, and absence of moving components. Its applications span diverse domains, encompassing heat recovery, cooling, sensing, and operating at low and high temperatures. However, developing thermoelectric materials with high-performance efficiency faces obstacles such as high cost, toxicity, and reliance on rare-earth elements. To address these challenges, this comprehensive review encompasses pivotal aspects of thermoelectricity, including its historical context, fundamental operating principles, cutting-edge materials, and innovative strategies. In particular, the potential of one-dimensional nanostructuring is explored as a promising avenue for advancing thermoelectric technology. The concept of one-dimensional nanostructuring is extensively examined, encompassing various configurations and their impact on the thermoelectric properties of materials. The profound influence of one-dimensional nanostructuring on thermoelectric parameters is also thoroughly discussed. The review also provides a comprehensive overview of large-scale synthesis methods for one-dimensional thermoelectric materials, delving into the measurement of thermoelectric properties specific to such materials. Finally, the review concludes by outlining prospects and identifying potential directions for further advancements in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Majid Rashak Al-Fartoos
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Anurag Roy
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Tapas K Mallick
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Asif Ali Tahir
- Solar Energy Research Group, Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Giri A, Park G, Jeong U. Layer-Structured Anisotropic Metal Chalcogenides: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Modulation, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3329-3442. [PMID: 36719999 PMCID: PMC10103142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unique electronic and catalytic properties emerging from low symmetry anisotropic (1D and 2D) metal chalcogenides (MCs) have generated tremendous interest for use in next generation electronics, optoelectronics, electrochemical energy storage devices, and chemical sensing devices. Despite many proof-of-concept demonstrations so far, the full potential of anisotropic chalcogenides has yet to be investigated. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in the synthesis, mechanistic understanding, property modulation strategies, and applications of the anisotropic chalcogenides. It begins with an introduction to the basic crystal structures, and then the unique physical and chemical properties of 1D and 2D MCs. Controlled synthetic routes for anisotropic MC crystals are summarized with example advances in the solution-phase synthesis, vapor-phase synthesis, and exfoliation. Several important approaches to modulate dimensions, phases, compositions, defects, and heterostructures of anisotropic MCs are discussed. Recent significant advances in applications are highlighted for electronics, optoelectronic devices, catalysts, batteries, supercapacitors, sensing platforms, and thermoelectric devices. The article ends with prospects for future opportunities and challenges to be addressed in the academic research and practical engineering of anisotropic MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP-211002, India
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang
University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
- Functional
Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gwahakdanji-ro 137-41, Sacheon-myeon, Gangneung, Gangwon-do25440, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang
University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk790-784, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jia PZ, Xie JP, Chen XK, Zhang Y, Yu X, Zeng YJ, Xie ZX, Deng YX, Zhou WX. Recent progress of two-dimensional heterostructures for thermoelectric applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:073001. [PMID: 36541472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca8e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of synthesis and fabrication techniques has opened up a research upsurge in two-dimensional (2D) material heterostructures, which have received extensive attention due to their superior physical and chemical properties. Currently, thermoelectric energy conversion is an effective means to deal with the energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental pollution. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of thermoelectric transport properties in 2D heterostructures is crucial for the development of micro-nano energy devices. In this review, the recent progress of 2D heterostructures for thermoelectric applications is summarized in detail. Firstly, we systematically introduce diverse theoretical simulations and experimental measurements of the thermoelectric properties of 2D heterostructures. Then, the thermoelectric applications and performance regulation of several common 2D materials, as well as in-plane heterostructures and van der Waals heterostructures, are also discussed. Finally, the challenges of improving the thermoelectric performance of 2D heterostructures materials are summarized, and related prospects are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Zhen Jia
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ping Xie
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Kun Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yu
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Xie
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Deng
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Xing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|