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Sun F, Zhang X, Xue T, Cheng P, Yu T. The Performance Testing and Analysis of Common New Filter Materials: A Case of Four Filter Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2802. [PMID: 38930172 PMCID: PMC11205087 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The complex air environment makes it urgent to build good and safe indoor environments, and the study and application of new materials have become the focus of current research. In this study, we tested and analyzed the structural parameters and filtration performances of the four most commonly used new filter materials in the current market. The results showed that all four new filter materials showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing their filtration efficiency with an increase in filtration velocity. The filtration efficiency of the materials was as follows: PTFE > glass fiber > nanomaterial > electret. The filtration efficiency of all materials reached its maximum when the filtration velocity was 0.2 m/s. The filtration efficiency of the PTFE for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 was higher than that of the other three materials, with values of 0.87% to 24.93%, 1.21% to 18.69%, and 0.56% to 16.03%, respectively. PTFE was more effective in capturing particles smaller than 1.0 μm. Within the testing velocity range, the resistance of the filter materials was as follows: glass fiber > PTFE > electret > nanomaterial, and the resistance of the four materials showed a good fitting effect. It is also necessary to match the resistance with the filtration efficiency during use, as well as to study the effectiveness of filter materials in blocking microorganisms and absorbing toxic gases. Overall, PTFE showed the best comprehensive performance, as well as providing data support for the selection of related materials or the synthesis and research of filter materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Sun
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (F.S.); (T.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (F.S.); (T.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Tao Xue
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (F.S.); (T.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (F.S.); (T.X.); (P.C.)
| | - Tao Yu
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
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Gao Y, Shi H, Zhang X, Ma J, Yu T. Differences in Performance and Conductivity Persistence of New Reduced Graphene Oxide Air Filter Materials before and after Eliminating Static Electricity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7146. [PMID: 38005077 PMCID: PMC10672433 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Improving the filtration efficiency of air filter materials is an ongoing research goal. This study conducted in-depth research on a new reduced graphene oxide air filter material, and the differences in its performance and conductivity durability before and after eliminating static electricity were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the filtration efficiency of the reduced graphene oxide air filter material significantly decreased after eliminating static electricity. The maximum decrease in filtration efficiency was observed at a filtration velocity of 0.8 m/s, with PM10 > PM1.0 > PM2.5. In this case, the filtration efficiency decreased by 11.8%, 7.98%, and 7.17%, respectively. The maximum difference in filtration efficiency of 0.29 μm particulates was about 12.7%. Eliminating static electricity slightly increased the resistance (2.5~15.5 Pa). In addition, the new reduced graphene oxide air filter material exhibited good conductivity and stability after continuous testing. This study provides data support for the application of subsequent electrification sterilization, reference values for multi-angle applications, and the development of new composite air filter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Y.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Huixin Shi
- CSCEC Northwest Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018, China;
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Y.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Jingyao Ma
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China; (Y.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Tao Yu
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
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Zhu G, Li X, Li XP, Wang A, Li T, Zhu X, Tang D, Zhu J, He X, Li H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhang S, Xu H. Nanopatterned Electroactive Polylactic Acid Nanofibrous MOFilters for Efficient PM 0.3 Filtration and Bacterial Inhibition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47145-47157. [PMID: 37783451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) hold great potential to address the increasing airborne particulate matter (PM) and dramatic accumulation of plastic/microplastic pollution. However, the field of PLA NFM-based filters is still in its infancy, frequently dwarfed by the bottlenecks regarding relatively low surface activity, poor electroactivity, and insufficient PM capturing mechanisms. This effort discloses a microwave-assisted approach to minute-level synthesis of dielectric ZIF-8 nanocrystals with high specific surface area (over 1012 m2/g) and ultrasmall size (∼240 nm), which were intimately anchored onto PLA nanofibers (PLA@ZIF-8) by a combined "electrospinning-electrospray" strategy. This endowed the PLA@ZIF-8 NFMs with largely increased electroactivity in terms of elevated dielectric coefficient (an increase of 202%), surface potential (up to 5.8 kV), and triboelectric properties (output voltage of 30.8 V at 10 N, 0.5 Hz). Given the profound control over morphology and electroactivity, the PLA@ZIF-8 NFMs exhibited efficient filtration of PM0.3 (97.1%, 85 L/min) with a decreased air resistance (592.5 Pa), surpassing that of the pure PLA counterpart (88.4%, 650.9 Pa). This was essentially ascribed to realization of multiple filtration mechanisms for PLA@ZIF-8 NFMs, including enhanced physical interception, polar interactions, and electrostatic adsorption, and the unique self-charging function triggered by airflow vibrations. Moreover, perfect antibacterial performance was achieved for PLA@ZIF-8, showing ultrahigh inhibition rates of 99.9 and 100% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The proposed hierarchical structuring strategy, offering the multifunction integration unattainable with conventional methods, may facilitate the development of biodegradable long-term air filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Wang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xuanjin Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Daoyuan Tang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Jintuo Zhu
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Xinjian He
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Heguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shihang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, Carbon Neutrality Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Anhui Sentai WPC Group Share Co., Ltd., Guangde 242299, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Dust Control and Occupational Protection, Xuzhou 221008, China
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Zeng Y, Liu Q, Zhang X, Wang Z, Yu T, Ren F, He P. Comparative Filtration Performance of Composite Air Filter Materials Synthesized Using Different Impregnated Porous Media. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4851. [PMID: 37445165 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor environment quality is currently a hot research topic. In this study, composite air filter materials were synthesized using different impregnated porous medium materials, and their filtration performance and structural parameters were analyzed. The results showed that composite filter materials' structures changed at the fibers' surfaces when synthesized using different porous medium material layers. The filtration efficiency of composite filter materials synthesized using different porous media reached a maximum 0.8 m/s filtration velocity, and PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 increased by 1.67~26.07, 1.19~26.96, and 1.10~21.98%, respectively. The filtration efficiencies of reduced graphene oxide composite for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0 were 21.26, 20.22, and 18.50% higher, respectively, than those of carbon black composite. In addition, the filtration efficiency of the composite material synthesized by reducing graphene oxide improved for 0 to 1.0 μm particulates and was more effective by comparison. Filtration efficiency and resistance were comprehensively considered during air filter use to provide useful values for the selection and preparation of composite filter materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zeng
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fei Ren
- XAUAT Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Puchun He
- Yan'an Branch of Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Yan'an 716000, China
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Yang M, Yang B, Zhang X, Wu S, Yu T, Song H, Ren F, He P, Zhu Y. Experimental Study of the Factors Influencing the Regeneration Performance of Reduced Graphite Oxide Filter Materials under Water Cleaning. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114033. [PMID: 37297167 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, air filters are being used and replaced more frequently. How to efficiently utilize air filter materials and determining whether they have regenerative properties have become current research hotspots. This paper discusses the regeneration performance of reduced graphite oxide filter materials, which were studied in depth using water cleaning and the relevant parameters, including the cleaning times. The results showed that water cleaning was most effective using a 20 L/(s·m2) water flow velocity with a 17 s cleaning time. The filtration efficiency decreased as the number of cleanings increased. Compared to the blank group, the filter material's PM10 filtration efficiency decreased by 0.8%, 19.4%, 26.5%, and 32.4% after the first to fourth cleanings, respectively. The filter material's PM2.5 filtration efficiency increased by 12.5% after the first cleaning, and decreased by 12.9%, 17.6%, and 30.2% after the second to fourth cleanings, respectively. The filter material's PM1.0 filtration efficiency increased by 22.7% after the first cleaning, and decreased by 8.1%, 13.8%, and 24.5% after the second to fourth cleanings, respectively. Water cleaning mainly affected the filtration efficiency of particulates sized 0.3-2.5 μm. Reduced graphite oxide air filter materials could be water washed twice and maintain cleanliness equal to 90% of the original filter material. Water washing more than twice could not achieve the standard cleanliness equal to 85% of the original filter material. These data provide useful reference values for the evaluation of the filter materials' regeneration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Saisai Wu
- School of Resources Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Hong Song
- School of Management, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fei Ren
- XAUAT Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Puchun He
- Yan'an Branch of Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Yan'an 716000, China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Hunan Geological Exploration Institute of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Changsha 410001, China
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Shen R, Guo Y, Wang S, Tuerxun A, He J, Bian Y. Biodegradable Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes as Promising Candidates for the Development of Face Masks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1306. [PMID: 36674061 PMCID: PMC9858797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol particles, such as the widespread COVID-19 recently, have posed a great threat to humans. Combat experience has proven that masks can protect against viruses; however, the epidemic in recent years has caused serious environmental pollution from plastic medical supplies, especially masks. Degradable filters are promising candidates to alleviate this problem. Degradable nanofiber filters, which are developed by the electrospinning technique, can achieve superior filtration performance. This review focuses on the basic introduction to air filtration, the general aspects of face masks, and nanofibers. Furthermore, the progress of the state of art degradable electrospun nanofiber filters have been summarized, such as silk fibroin (SF), polylactic acid (PLA), chitosan, cellulose, and zein. Finally, the challenges and future development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ye Bian
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Bian Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Cao Q. Degradable Nanofiber for Eco-friendly Air Filtration: Progress and Perspectives. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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