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Wang Z, Furukawa S. Pore-Networked Soft Materials Based on Metal-Organic Polyhedra. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:327-337. [PMID: 38205789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe last two decades have witnessed a tremendous development of crystalline microporous adsorbents in a wide range of applications including molecular adsorption, storage and separation, purification, as well as catalysis. The main players as porous materials that have contributed to the developments are extended molecular frameworks (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, MOFs; covalent-organic frameworks, COFs) or discrete porous molecules (e.g., metal-organic cages, MOCs; porous organic cages, POCs) thanks to the high degrees of freedom in their structural designability and tunability. To overcome the processability issue originating from their powder forms after synthesis, one main strategy is to hybridize the microporous adsorbents as pore-containing fillers with solvents or polymers as processable matrices to produce porous soft materials, such as porous liquids, gels/aerogels, and mixed-matrix membranes, depending on the form of matrix used. Nevertheless, the fabrication of "ideal" hybrid materials relies on the homogeneous distribution of the pore-containing fillers within the matrices. It is still challenging to find a versatile way to solve the aggregation issues of fillers and their insufficient interaction with the matrices, which are concerned with inhibiting the translation of the distinctive properties of microporous adsorbents into the obtained hybrid soft materials.Herein, we describe a new bottom-up approach for the fabrication of "pore-networked soft materials" based on the concept of directly interconnecting the pore-containing fillers into a continuous pore network within the matrices. The advantages of the pore-networking strategy lie in two main aspects: (i) the elimination of the need to struggle with the aggregation issue of fillers due to their overall interconnection throughout the matrices; (ii) the generation of continuous pore networks that guarantee the efficient molecular mass transfer in the materials. In this Account, we summarize our state-of-the-art progress of pore-networked soft materials based on the use of MOCs, alternatively called metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) herein, as pore units for the pore network construction. The good solubility of MOPs in organic solvents allows them to be feasibly processed in solution, wherein the coordination of MOPs with organic linkers leads to the formation of linked MOP gels featuring not only intrinsic MOP cavities but also tunable extrinsic porosities generated between linked MOPs through the control of MOP/linker structures and network connectivity. Furthermore, the matrix of the linked MOP network, here referred to as the continuous phase with respect to the entire porous MOP network, is not limited to the solvents. We anticipate that the implementation of air, liquids, and polymers as the matrices could result in different forms of pore-networked soft materials like aerogels, foams, gels, monoliths, and membranes. For instance, we demonstrate the fabrication of linked MOP aerogel and permanently porous gel with their potential applications on selective CO2 photoreduction and gas sorption, respectively. We believe that the pore-network strategies will advance the development of porous soft materials featuring unique advantages and properties beyond the current hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoming Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Liu Y, Xue B, Chen J, Lai Y, Yin P. The Coordination Nanocages-Integrated Polymer Brush Networks for Flexible Microporous Membranes with Exceptional H 2 /CO 2 Separation Performance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300477. [PMID: 37814593 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of polymers with intrinsic microporosity provides solutions for flexible gas separation membranes with both high gas permeability and selectivity. However, their applications are significantly hindered by the costly synthetic efforts, limited availability of chemical systems, and narrow window of microporosity sizes. Herein, flexible mixed matrix membranes with tunable intrinsic microporosity can be facilely fabricated from the coordination assembly of polymer brushes and coordination nanocages. Polymer brushes bearing isophthalic acid side groups can coordinate with Cu2+ to assemble into polymer networks crosslinked by 2 nm nanocages. The semi-flexible feature of the polymer brush and the high crosslinking density of the network prevent the network from collapsing during solvent removal and the obtained aerogels demonstrate hierarchical structure with dual porosity from the crosslinked polymer network and coordination nanocage, respectively. The porosity can be facilely tuned via the amount of Cu2+ by regulating the network crosslinking density and nanocage loadings, and finally, optimized gas separation that surpasses Robeson upper bound for H2 /CO2 can be achieved. The coordination-driven assembly protocol paves a new avenue for the cost-effective synthesis of polymers with intrinsic microporosity and the fabrication of flexible gas separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Troyano J, Tayier F, Phattharaphuti P, Aoyama T, Urayama K, Furukawa S. Porous supramolecular gels produced by reversible self-gelation of ruthenium-based metal-organic polyhedra. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9543-9552. [PMID: 37712036 PMCID: PMC10498683 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular gels based on metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) represent a versatile platform to access processable soft materials with controlled porosity. Herein, we report a self-gelation approach that allows the reversible assembly of a novel Ru-based MOP in the form of colloidal gels. The presence of cationic mixed-valence [Ru2(COO)4]+ paddlewheel units allows for modification of the MOP charge via acid/base treatment, and therefore, its solubility. This feature enables control over supramolecular interactions, making it possible to reversibly force MOP aggregation to form nanoparticles, which further assemble to form a colloidal gel network. The gelation process was thoroughly investigated by time-resolved ζ-potential, pH, and dynamic light scattering measurements. This strategy leads to the evolution of hierarchically porous aerogel from individual MOP molecules without using any additional component. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the simplicity of this method can be exploited for the obtention of MOP-based gels through a one-pot synthetic approach starting from MOP precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Troyano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Autonomous University of Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Fuerkaiti Tayier
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Phitchayapha Phattharaphuti
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8585 Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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Liu G, Li S, Shi C, Huo M, Lin Y. Progress in Research and Application of Metal-Organic Gels: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1178. [PMID: 37049272 PMCID: PMC10096755 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, metal-organic gels (MOGs) have attracted much attention due to their hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area, and good surface modifiability. Compared with MOFs, the synthesis conditions of MOGs are gentler and more stable. At present, MOGs are widely used in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, energy storage, electrochromic devices, sensing, analysis, and detection. In this paper, literature metrology and knowledge graph visualization analysis are adopted to analyze and summarize the literature data in the field of MOGs. The visualization maps of the temporal distribution, spatial distribution, authors and institutions' distribution, influence of highly cited literature and journals, keyword clustering, and research trends are helpful to clearly grasp the content and development trend of MOG materials research, point out the future research direction for scholars, and promote the practical application of MOGs. At the same time, the paper reviews the research and application progress of MOGs in recent years by combining keyword clustering, time lines, and emergence maps, and looks forward to their challenges, future development trend, and application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Siwen Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chunyan Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
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Carpenter JE, Colón YJ. Atomistic simulation of soft porous coordination polymers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:074901. [PMID: 36813721 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft porous coordination polymers (SPCPs) are materials with exceptional potential because of their ability to incorporate the properties of nominally rigid porous materials like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and those of soft matter, such as polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs). This combination could offer the gas adsorption properties of MOFs together with the mechanical stability and processability of PIMs, opening up a space of flexible, highly responsive adsorbing materials. In order to understand their structure and behavior, we present a process for the construction of amorphous SPCPs from secondary building blocks. We then use classical molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the resulting structures based on branch functionalities (f), pore size distributions (PSDs), and radial distribution functions and compare them to experimentally synthesized analogs. In the course of this comparison, we demonstrate that the pore structure of SPCPs is due to both pores intrinsic to the secondary building blocks, and intercolloid spacing between colloid particles. We also illustrate the differences in nanoscale structure based on linker length and flexibility, particularly in the PSDs, finding that stiff linkers tend to produce SPCPs with larger maximum pore sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Carpenter
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Yamil J Colón
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Küng R, Germann A, Krüsmann M, Niggemann LP, Meisner J, Karg M, Göstl R, Schmidt BM. Mechanoresponsive Metal-Organic Cage-Crosslinked Polymer Hydrogels. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300079. [PMID: 36715238 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of metal-organic cage-crosslinked polymer hydrogels. To enable crosslinking of the cages and subsequent network formation, we used homodifunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains terminally substituted with bipyridines as ligands for the Pd6 L4 corners. The encapsulation of guest molecules into supramolecular self-assembled metal-organic cage-crosslinked hydrogels, as well as ultrasound-induced disassembly of the cages with release of their cargo, is presented in addition to their characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, rheology, and comprehensive small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. The constrained geometries simulating external force (CoGEF) method and barriers using a force-modified potential energy surface (FMPES) suggest that the cage-opening mechanism starts with the dissociation of one pyridine ligand at around 0.5 nN. We show the efficient sonochemical activation of the hydrogels HG3 -6 , increasing the non-covalent guest-loading of completely unmodified drugs available for release by a factor of ten in comparison to non-crosslinked, star-shaped assemblies in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Küng
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Germann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcel Krüsmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry I: Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Louisa P Niggemann
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Meisner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institute for Physical Chemistry I: Colloids and Nanooptics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Troyano J, Horike S, Furukawa S. Reversible Discrete-to-Extended Metal-Organic Polyhedra Transformation by Sulfonic Acid Surface Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19475-19484. [PMID: 36222467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) are molecular porous units in which desired functionalities can be installed with precise geometrical and compositional control. By combing two complementary chemical moieties, such as sulfonic acid groups and Rh(II)-carboxylate paddlewheel, we synthesized a robust water-soluble cuboctahedral MOP with excellent features in both solution and solid states. Herein, we demonstrate that the superior chemical stability of the Rh2 unit and the elevated number of functional groups on the surface (24 per cage) result in a porous cage with high solubility and stability in water, including acidic, neutral, and basic pH conditions. We also prove that the sulfonic acid-rich form of the cage can be isolated through postsynthetic acid treatment. This transformation involves an improved gas uptake capacity and the capability to reversibly assemble the cages into a three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF) structure. Likewise, this sulfonic acid functionalization provides both MOP and MOF solids with high proton conductivities (>10-3 S cm-1), comparable to previously reported high conducting metal-organic materials. The influence of the MOP-to-MOF processing in the gas adsorption capacity indicates that this structural transformation can provide materials with higher and more controllable porous properties. These results illustrate the high potential of acidic MOPs as more flexible porous building units in terms of processability, structural complexity, and tunability of the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Troyano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Building, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Inorganic Chemistry Department, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Satoshi Horike
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Building, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, iCeMS Research Building, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Wychowaniec JK, Saini H, Scheibe B, Dubal DP, Schneemann A, Jayaramulu K. Hierarchical porous metal–organic gels and derived materials: from fundamentals to potential applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9068-9126. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in the development and applications of metal–organic gels (MOGs) and their hybrids and derivatives dividing them into subclasses and discussing their synthesis, design and structure–property relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek K. Wychowaniec
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Haneesh Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Nagrota Bypass Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
| | - Błażej Scheibe
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, NanoBioMedical Centre, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, PL61614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Deepak P. Dubal
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kolleboyina Jayaramulu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Nagrota Bypass Road, Jammu & Kashmir, 181221, India
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