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Cho TH, Farjam N, Barton K, Dasgupta NP. Subtractive Patterning of Nanoscale Thin Films Using Acid-Based Electrohydrodynamic-Jet Printing. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301407. [PMID: 38161264 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As an alternative to traditional photolithography, printing processes are widely explored for the patterning of customizable devices. However, to date, the majority of high-resolution printing processes for functional nanomaterials are additive in nature. To complement additive printing, there is a need for subtractive processes, where the printed ink results in material removal, rather than addition. In this study, a new subtractive patterning approach that uses electrohydrodynamic-jet (e-jet) printing of acid-based inks to etch nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is introduced. By tuning the printing parameters, the depth and linewidth of the subtracted features can be tuned, with a minimum linewidth of 11 µm and a tunable channel depth with ≈5 nm resolution. Furthermore, by tuning the ink composition, the volatility and viscosity of the ink can be adjusted, resulting in variable spreading and dissolution dynamics at the solution/film interface. In the future, acid-based subtractive patterning using e-jet printing can be used for rapid prototyping or customizable manufacturing of functional devices on a range of substrates with nanoscale precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae H Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Nazanin Farjam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Kira Barton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Robotics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Neil P Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
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Huang W, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Tang Z, Sun Z, Liu Z, Zhao L, Liu Y. Robust superhydrophobic silicone/epoxy functional coating with excellent chemical stability and self-cleaning ability. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17793-17807. [PMID: 37916998 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted broad attention because of their unique water repellency but are restricted by poor wear resistance, weak adhesion to the substrate, and complex fabrication processes. Herein, a double-layer coating strategy consisting of the amino fluorine-silicone resin/epoxy resin (AFSR/EP) system is created. The system features a high hardness and transparent hydrophobic interface adhesive layer through the amine-epoxy "click" chemical reaction. The environmentally friendly resin system and low-cost nano-silica particles (n-SiO2) are composited and sprayed onto the substrate surface to form a superhydrophobic layer with outstanding robustness and excellent environmental stability. The prepared AFSR/EP@n-SiO2 composite coatings have a water contact angle of 161.1° and a sliding angle of 3.4°, demonstrating high superhydrophobic properties. Benefitting from the complementary advantages of silicone/epoxy resin, the prepared composite coatings maintain remarkable water repellency after various harsh environmental tests, including cyclic mechanical abrasion and tape-stripping, acid-base (pH 1 and pH 14) treatment, 10 wt% NaCl (pH 7) salt solution immersion, temperature treatment, knife scratching, and long-term ultraviolet radiation treatment, showing reinforced mechanical robustness and durable anti-corrosion stability. Notably, surface hardness of 5H and optical transparency over 80% can be achieved. The simple method offers a novel approach for the large-scale preparation of multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yagang Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Zicai Sun
- Dongguan Yimei Material Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Dongguan Yimei Material Technology Co., Ltd., Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Yanxia Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Saha A, Ma T, Wang H, Guo LJ. Environmentally Sustainable and Multifunctional Chrome-like Coatings Having No Chromium Designed with Reinforcement Learning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37267454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Decorative chrome plating (DCP) continues to be ubiquitous in creating highly appealing metal finishings and coatings, beating out other organic dye-based finishes. However, the hazardous chrome plating process is fraught with adverse health effects for the workers involved and causes significant environmental damage. In this work, we present a multilayer thin film structure to mimic the chrome appearance. To find a design efficiently, we employ a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm to perform an automatic inverse design. This results in structures composed of environmentally friendly materials that not only have the chrome color but can also achieve additional functions beyond decoration. As an example, one structure is designed to have high transmission in the radio frequency regime, a property that general metals cannot have, which can broaden the decorative chrome applications to include microwave operating devices. The experimental structures are fabricated by physical vapor deposition to demonstrate the indistinguishable chrome color and validate the effectiveness of the RL inverse design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Saha
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Taigao Ma
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Haozhu Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - L Jay Guo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Liang N, Tian R, Xu Y, Yao H, Yang H, Wei Y, Xin X, Chen R, Zhai T, Wang Z, Hou J. Trans-Reflective Structural Color Filters Assisting Multifunctional-Integrated Semitransparent Photovoltaic Window. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300360. [PMID: 36930466 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Multifunction-integrated semitransparent organic photovoltaic cells (STOPVs), with high power generation, colorful transmittance/reflectance, excellent ultraviolet (UV) protection, and thermal insulation, are fully in line with the concept of architectural aesthetics and photoprotection characteristics for building-integrated photovoltaic-window. For the indelible rainbow color photovoltaic window, one crucial issue is to realize the integration of these photons- and photoelectric-related multifunction. Herein, dynamic transmissive and reflective structural color controllable filters, with asymmetrical metal-insulator-metal (MIM) configurations (20 nm-Ag-HATCN-30 nm-Ag) through machine learning, are deliberately designed for colorful STOPV devices. This endows the resultant integrated devices with ≈5% enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the bare-STOPVs, gifted UV (300-400 nm) blocking rates as high as 93.5, 94.1, 90.2, and 94.5%, as well as a superior infrared radiation (IR) (700-1400 nm) rejection approaching 100% for transparent purple-, blue-, green- and red-STOPV cells, respectively. Most importantly, benefiting from the photonic recycling effect beyond microcavity resonance wavelength, a reported quantum utilization efficiency (QUE) as high as 80%, is first presented for the transparent-green-STOPVs with an ultra-narrow bandgap of 1.2 eV. These asymmetrical Febry-Pérot transmissive and reflective structural color filters can also be extended to silicon- and perovskite-based optoelectric devices and make it possible to integrate additional target optical functions for multi-purpose optoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Liang
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqi Tian
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xin
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Chen
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Tianrui Zhai
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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