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Zhou C, An B, Lan F, Zhang X. Optoelectronic materials as emerging photocatalysts: opportunities in sustainable organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13245-13257. [PMID: 37850540 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the energy and environmental crisis, the development of efficient, sustainable photocatalysts to convert inexhaustible solar energy into chemical energy is of great significance. Due to their unique optoelectronic properties, organic electronic materials have been translated into the photocatalytic field. These emerging photocatalysts are attractive because of their metal-free nature, chemical stability, and structural diversity. However, as many small molecules fail to absorb visible light solely, incorporating them into crosslinked frameworks is found to be an effective strategy to extend the conjugation and enhance visible-light absorption. In addition, the photophysical properties of these heterogeneous materials can be adjusted through structural modification and linkage engineering. Finally, these insoluble photocatalysts exhibit good recyclability and reusability. As a representative illustration, this feature article describes recent examples of the use of two types of organic electronic materials including phenothiazine and truxene in heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformations. The synthesis and key photophysical properties of both organic electronic material-based photocatalysts are discussed combined with specific synthetic applications. We anticipate this feature article will stimulate the implementation of more diverse organic electronic materials in the field of photocatalysis, which may lead to unprecedented synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhou
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Bohang An
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Feng Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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Synthesis of a Triazaisotruxene-Based Porous Organic Polymer and Its Application in Iodine Capture. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248722. [PMID: 36557857 PMCID: PMC9784556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new triazaisotruxene-based porous organic polymer (POP) was designed and successfully synthesized by a FeCl3-promoted crosslinking reaction. As a result of its porosity and good thermal stability, the designed POP can be utilized as a promising adsorbent for iodine, not only in the gaseous phase, but also in organic and aqueous solutions. Compared to its triazatruxene (TN) analogue, the ITN-based POP shows equal iodine uptake in the gaseous phase and in hexane solution, and better uptake in aqueous solution.
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Deng Z, Zhao H, Cao X, Xiong S, Li G, Deng J, Yang H, Zhang W, Liu Q. Enhancing Built-in Electric Field via Molecular Dipole Control in Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Boosting Charge Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35745-35754. [PMID: 35914116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The built-in electric field (BEF) has been considered as the key kinetic factor for facilitating efficient photoinduced carrier separation and migration of polymeric photocatalysts. Enhancing the BEF of the polymers could enable a directional migration of the photogenerated carriers to accelerate photogenerated charge separation and thus boost photocatalytic performances. However, achieving this approach remains a formidable challenge, which has never been realized in conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). Herein, we developed a molecular dipole control strategy to modulate the BEF in CMPs by varying the nature of the core. As a result, a series of CMPs with a tunable BEF were designed and prepared via FeCl3-mediated coupling of bicarbazole with different acceptor cores. The optimized CbzCMP-9 featured the strongest BEF induced by its high molecular dipole, which grants it with a powerful driving force to accelerate exciton dissociation into electron-hole pairs and facilitates charge transfer along the backbone of CMPs to the surface, resulting in a remarkable photocatalytic performance toward thiocyano chromones and C-3 thiocyanation of indoles (up to 95 and 98% yields, respectively) and prominently surpassing many other reported photocatalysts. In brief, the proposed strategy highlights that enhancing the BEF by modulating molecular dipole can lead to a dramatic improvement in photocatalytic performance, which is expected to be employed for constructing other photocatalytic systems with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhang Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Xinxiu Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Shaohui Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Gen Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jiyong Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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Sun P, Wang P, Yan D, Liu Q, Zhang W, Deng J, Liu Q. Boosting charge separation in conjugated microporous polymers via fluorination for enhancing photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as prospective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation due to their ease of functionalization, high surface area and porosity, and tunable band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Peigen Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Jiyong Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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