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Ran M, Qi H, Jing T, Li J, Li W, Zhang J, Luo C, Zhu X, Gao Y. Ultrasensitive pH-switchablenitrogen doped carbon dots for MnO 4- detection and fluorescent anti-counterfeiting. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124907. [PMID: 39094272 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, high-efficiency green fluorescence nitrogen doped CDs (G-CDs) were prepared using acetaminophen and ethylenediamine as precursors. The G-CDs exhibited good anti-photobleaching, salttolerance and low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the G-CDs revealed excellent fluorescence stability in the pH range of 6-12, however, the intensity of the G-CDs was almost completely quenched in other pH values. The MnO4- demonstrated strong fluorescence quenching capability on our G-CDs with the mechanism involving dynamic quenching caused by energy transfer. G-CDs exhibited a strong linear relationship with MnO4- concentration in the range of 0-75 μmol/L, with a low limit detection of 7.6 nmol/L. What was even more interesting was that the G-CDs displayed bright green solid-state fluorescence, and exhibited potential application in anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxia Ran
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Tao Jing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Chao Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, No. 42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar 161006, China
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Dimitriev O, Kysil D, Zaderko A, Isaieva O, Vasin A, Piryatinski Y, Fahlman M, Nazarov A. Photoluminescence quantum yield of carbon dots: emission due to multiple centers versus excitonic emission. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2185-2197. [PMID: 38633041 PMCID: PMC11019485 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are recognized as promising fluorescent nanomaterials with bright emission and large variations of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, there is still no unique approach for explanation of mechanisms and recipes for synthetic procedures/chemical composition of CDs responsible for the enhancement of PLQY. Here, we compare photophysical behavior and PLQY of two types of CDs synthesized by different routes, leading to the different extent of oxidation and composition. The first type of CDs represents a conjugated carbon system oxidized by F, N and O heteroatoms, whereas the second type represents a non-conjugated carbon system oxidized by oxygen. Photophysical data, photoemission spectroscopy and microscopy data yield the suggestion that in the first case, a structure with a distinct carbon core and highly oxidized electron-accepting shell is formed. This leads to the excitonic type non-tunable emission with single-exponent decay and high PLQY with a strong dependence on the solvent polarity, being as high as 93% in dioxane and as low as 30% in aqueous medium, but which is vulnerable to photobleaching. In the second case, the oxidized CDs do not indicate a clear core-shell structure and show poor solvatochromism, negligible photobleaching, low PLQY varying in the range of 0.7-2.3% depending on the solvent used, and tunable emission with multi-exponent decay, which can be described by the model of multiple emission centers acting through a clustering-triggered emission mechanism. The obtained results lead to a strategy that allows one to design carbon nanomaterials with principally different PLQYs that differ by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Dmytro Kysil
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - Alexander Zaderko
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University Kyiv 01033 Ukraine
| | - Oksana Isaieva
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" Skovorody, 2 Kyiv 04070 Ukraine
| | - Andrii Vasin
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- National Technical University "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" 37, Peremohy Ave. Kyiv 03056 Ukraine
| | - Yuri Piryatinski
- Institute of Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauki 46 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University Norrköping 60174 Sweden
| | - Alexei Nazarov
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine Pr. Nauky 41 Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- National Technical University "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" 37, Peremohy Ave. Kyiv 03056 Ukraine
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Su B, Gao D, Xin N, Wu K, Yang M, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Ding J, Wu C, Sun J, Wei D, Fan H, Guo Z. Mild synthesis of ultra-bright carbon dots with solvatochromism for rapid lipid droplet monitoring in varied physiological processes. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbad109. [PMID: 38404618 PMCID: PMC10884737 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) participating in various cellular activities and are increasingly being emphasized. Fluorescence imaging provides powerful tool for dynamic tracking of LDs, however, most current LDs probes remain inconsistent performance such as low Photoluminescence Quantum Yield (PLQY), poor photostability and tedious washing procedures. Herein, a novel yellow-emissive carbon dot (OT-CD) has been synthesized conveniently with high PLQY up to 90%. Besides, OT-CD exhibits remarkable amphiphilicity and solvatochromic property with lipid-water partition coefficient higher than 2, which is much higher than most LDs probes. These characters enable OT-CD high brightness, stable and wash-free LDs probing, and feasible for in vivo imaging. Then, detailed observation of LDs morphological and polarity variation dynamically in different cellular states were recorded, including ferroptosis and other diseases processes. Furthermore, fast whole imaging of zebrafish and identified LD enrichment in injured liver indicate its further feasibility for in vivo application. In contrast to the reported studies to date, this approach provides a versatile conventional synthesis system for high-performance LDs targeting probes, combing the advantages of easy and high-yield production, as well as robust brightness and stability for long-term imaging, facilitating investigations into organelle interactions and LD-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Dong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Nini Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jie Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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Dubey P. An overview on animal/human biomass-derived carbon dots for optical sensing and bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35088-35126. [PMID: 38046631 PMCID: PMC10690874 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as some of the extremely popular carbon nanostructures for diverse applications. The advantages of sustainable CDs, characterized by their exceptional photoluminescence (PL), high water solubility/dispersibility, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility, substantiate their potential for a wide range of applications in sensing and biology. Moreover, nature offers plant- and animal-derived precursors for the sustainable synthesis of CDs and their doped variants. These sources are not only readily accessible, inexpensive, and renewable but are also environmentally benign green biomass. This review article presents in detail the production of sustainable CDs from various animal and human biomass through bottom-up synthetic methods, including hydrothermal, microwave, microwave-hydrothermal, and pyrolysis methods. The resulting CDs exhibit a uniform size distribution, possibility of heteroatom doping, surface passivation, and remarkable excitation wavelength-dependent/independent emission and up-conversion PL characteristics. Consequently, these CDs have been successfully utilized in multiple applications, such as bioimaging and the detection of various analytes, including heavy metal ions. Finally, a comprehensive assessment is presented, highlighting the prospects and challenges associated with animal/human biomass-derived CDs for multifaceted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Dubey
- Centre of Material Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies (IIDS), University of Allahabad Prayagraj-211002 Uttar Pradesh India
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Li C, Huang J, Yuan L, Xie W, Ying Y, Li C, Yu Y, Pan Y, Qu W, Hao H, Algharib SA, Chen D, Xie S. Recent progress of emitting long-wavelength carbon dots and their merits for visualization tracking, target delivery and theranostics. Theranostics 2023; 13:3064-3102. [PMID: 37284447 PMCID: PMC10240821 DOI: 10.7150/thno.80579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a novel strategy for in vivo visualization tracking and monitoring, carbon dots (CDs) emitting long wavelengths (LW, 600-950 nm) have received tremendous attention due to their deep tissue penetration, low photon scattering, satisfactory contrast resolution and high signal-to-background ratios. Although, the mechanism of CDs emitting LW remains controversial and what properties are best for in vivo visualization have not been specifically elucidated, it is more conducive to the in vivo application of LW-CDs through rational design and ingenious synthesis based on the appreciation of the luminescence mechanism. Therefore, this review analyzes the current tracer technologies applied in vivo and their advantages and disadvantages, with emphasis on the physical mechanism of emitting LW fluorescence for in vivo imaging. Subsequently, the general properties and merits of LW-CDs for tracking and imaging are summarized. More importantly, the factors affecting the synthesis of LW-CDs and its luminescence mechanism are highlighted. Simultaneously, the application of LW-CDs for disease diagnosis, integration of diagnosis and therapy are summarized. Finally, the bottlenecks and possible future directions of LW-CDs in visualization tracking and imaging in vivo are detailly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Liwen Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yupeng Ying
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chengzhe Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yahang Yu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Qu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, QG, Egypt
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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6
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Olla C, Ricci PC, Chiriu D, Fantauzzi M, Casula MF, Mocci F, Cappai A, Porcu S, Stagi L, Carbonaro CM. Selecting molecular or surface centers in carbon dots-silica hybrids to tune the optical emission: A photo-physics study down to the atomistic level. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:402-417. [PMID: 36542970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we unveil the fluorescence features of citric acid and urea-based Carbon Dots (CDs) through a photo-physical characterization of nanoparticles synthesized, under solvent-free and open-air conditions, within silica-ordered mesoporous silica, as a potential host for solid-state emitting hybrids. Compared to CDs synthesized without silica matrices and dispersed in water, silica-CD hybrids display a broader emission in the green range whose contribution can be increased by UV and blue laser irradiation. The analysis of hybrids synthesized within different silica (MCM-48 and SBA-15) calls for an active role of the matrix in directing the synthesis toward the formation of CDs with a larger content of graphitic N and imidic groups at the expense of N-pyridinic molecules. As a result, CDs tuned in size and with a larger green emission are obtained in the hybrids and are retained once extracted from the silica matrix and dispersed in water. The kinetics of the photo-physics under UV and blue irradiation of hybrid samples show a photo-assisted formation process leading to a further increase of the relative contribution of the green emission, not observed in the water-dispersed reference samples, suggesting that the porous matrix is involved also in the photo-activated process. Finally, we carried out DFT and TD-DFT calculations on the interaction of silica with selected models of CD emitting centers, like surface functional groups (OH and COOH), dopants (graphitic N), and citric acid-based molecules. The combined experimental and theoretical results clearly indicate the presence of molecular species and surface centers both emitting in the blue and green spectral range, whose relative contribution is tuned by the interaction with the surrounding media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Olla
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy.
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniele Chiriu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marzia Fantauzzi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Casula
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, I-09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Cappai
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Stefania Porcu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luigi Stagi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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