1
|
Sobczak SK, Drwęska J, Gromelska W, Roztocki K, Janiak AM. Multivariate Flexible Metal-Organic Frameworks and Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402486. [PMID: 39380355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
Precise control of the void environment, achieved through multiple functional groups and enhanced by structural adaptations to guest molecules, stands at the forefront of scientific inquiry. Flexible multivariate open framework materials (OFMs), including covalent organic frameworks and metal-organic frameworks, meet these criteria and are expected to play a crucial role in gas storage and separation, pollutant removal, and catalysis. Nevertheless, there is a notable lack of critical evaluation of achievements in their chemistry and future prospects for their development or implementation. To provide a comprehensive historical context, the initial discussion explores into the realm of "classical" flexible OFMs, where their origin, various modes of flexibility, similarities to proteins, advanced tuning methods, and recent applications are explored. Subsequently, multivariate flexible materials, the methodologies involved in their synthesis, and horizons of their application are focussed. Furthermore, the reader to the concept of spatial distribution is introduced, providing a brief overview of the latest reports that have contributed to its elucidation. In summary, the critical review not only explores the landscape of multivariate flexible materials but also sheds light on the obstacles that the scientific community must overcome to fully unlock the potential of this fascinating field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon K Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Joanna Drwęska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Gromelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Kornel Roztocki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Agnieszka M Janiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chowdhury S, Sharma A, Das PP, Rathi P, Siril PF. Fine-tuning covalent organic frameworks for structure-activity correlation via adsorption and catalytic studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:988-998. [PMID: 38574587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In applications utilizing Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) for adsorption, the interplay between crystallinity (vis-à-vis surface area) and active sites still remains ambiguous. To address this, the present study introduces three isoreticular COFs-COP-N18 (covalent organic polymer with short-range order), COF-N18 (COF having long-range order), and COF-N27 (semicrystalline COF with pyridyl heteroatoms)-to explore this duality. Through systematic variations in structural order, pore volume, and pore-wall nitrogen content, we aim to establish a structure-activity relationship (SAR) for these COFs via adsorption and catalysis, using CO2 and I2 as probes. Our investigation highlights the positive influence of crystallinity, surface area, and pore volume in adsorption as well as catalysis. However, the presence of heteroatoms manifests complex behavior in CO2 adsorption and CO2 cycloaddition reactions with epoxides. COF-N18 and COF-N27 showed comparable CO2 uptake capacities at different temperatures (273, 293, and 313 K) and ∼1 bar pressure. Additionally, CO2 cycloaddition reactions were performed with substrates possessing different polarities (epichlorohydrin, 1,2-epoxydodecane) to elucidate the role of COF surface polarity. Further investigation into iodine adsorption was performed to understand the impact of COF structural features on the modes of adsorption and adsorption kinetics. Improvements in COF-crystallinity results in faster average iodine uptake rate at 80% (K80% = 1.79 g/h) by COF-N18. Whereas, heteroatom doping slows down iodine adsorption kinetics (0.35 g/h) by prolonging the adsorption process up to 72 h. Overall, this study advances our understanding of COFs as adsorbents and catalysts, providing key insights into their SAR while emphasizing structural fine-tuning as a key factor for impactful environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Chowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi-175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti Rathi
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi-175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Felix Siril
- School of Chemical Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi-175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Das P, Chakraborty G, Friese N, Roeser J, Prinz C, Emmerling F, Schmidt J, Thomas A. Heteropolyaromatic Covalent Organic Frameworks via One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17131-17139. [PMID: 38875002 PMCID: PMC11212053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) offer a platform to create different chemical structures and linkages for highly stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs). As an illustrative example, the multicomponent Povarov reaction generates 2,4-phenylquinoline from aldehydes and amines in the presence of electron-rich alkenes. In this study, we introduce a new domino reaction to generate unprecedented 2,3-phenylquinoline COFs in the presence of epoxystyrene. This work thus presents, for the first time, structural isomeric COFs produced by multicomponent domino and Povarov reactions. Furthermore, 2,3-phenylquinolines can undergo a Scholl reaction to form extended aromatic linkages. With this approach, we synthesize two thermally and chemically stable MCR-COFs and two heteropolyaromatic COFs using both domino and in situ domino and Scholl reactions. The structure and properties of these COFs are compared with the corresponding 2,4-phenylquinoline-linked COF and imine-COF, and their activity toward benzene and cyclohexane sorption and separation is investigated. The position of the pendant phenyl groups within the COF pore plays a crucial role in facilitating the industrially important sorption and separation of benzene over cyclohexane. This study opens a new avenue to construct heteropolyaromatic COFs via MCR reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Das
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gouri Chakraborty
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Friese
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Prinz
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM
Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str.
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische
Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Feng K, Yu Y. A Review on Covalent Organic Frameworks as Artificial Interface Layers for Li and Zn Metal Anodes in Rechargeable Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308087. [PMID: 38063856 PMCID: PMC10870086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Li and Zn metals are considered promising negative electrode materials for the next generation of rechargeable metal batteries because of their non-toxicity and high theoretical capacity. However, the uneven deposition of metal ions (Li+ , Zn2+ ) and the uncontrolled growth of dendrites result in poor electrochemical stability, unsatisfactory cycle life, and rapid capacity decay of batteries assembled with Li and Zn electrodes. Owing to the unique internal directional channels and abundant redox active sites of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), they can be used to promote uniform deposition of metal ions during stripping/electroplating through interface modification strategies, thereby inhibiting dendrite growth. COFs provide a new perspective in addressing the challenges faced by the anodes of Li metal batteries and Zn ion batteries. This article discusses the stability and types of COFs, and summarizes some novel COF synthesis methods. Additionally, it reviews the latest progress and optimization methods of using COFs for metal anodes to improve battery performance. Finally, the main challenges faced in these areas are discussed. This review will inspire future research on metal anodes in rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Zhao
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Kaiyong Feng
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| | - Yingjian Yu
- College of Physics Science and TechnologyKunming UniversityKunmingYunnan650214China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang J, Chen F, Li H, Suo J, Zheng H, Zhang J, Wang Z, Zhu L, Valtchev V, Qiu S, Fang Q. Three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with nia nets for efficient separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:813. [PMID: 38280854 PMCID: PMC10821887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with highly connected building blocks presents a significant challenge. In this study, we report two 3D COFs with the nia topology, named JUC-641 and JUC-642, by introducing planar hexagonal and triangular prism nodes. Notably, our adsorption studies and breakthrough experiments reveal that both COFs exhibit exceptional separation capabilities, surpassing previously reported 3D COFs and most porous organic polymers, with a separation factor of up to 2.02 for benzene and cyclohexane. Additionally, dispersion-corrected density functional theory analysis suggests that the good performance of these 3D COFs can be attributed to the incorporation of highly aromatic building blocks and the presence of extensive pore structures. Consequently, this research not only expands the diversity of COFs but also highlights the potential of functional COF materials as promising candidates for environmentally-friendly separation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinquan Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Haorui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangkui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Caen, France
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan J, Zhu J, Tong S, Wang Z. A nanoporous organic polymer using 1, 3-dibromoadamantane as a crosslinker for adsorption/separation of benzene and cyclohexane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38268452 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The development of nanoporous organic polymers with cycloaliphatic components for effective benzene (Bz) and cyclohexane (Cy) adsorption/separation poses a significant challenge. This work focuses on synthesizing NOP-Ad-1, a nanoporous organic polymer derived from a Friedel-Crafts reaction between cycloaliphatic 1,3-dibromadantane and aromatic hexaphenylbenzene. At 298 K and P/P0 = 0.95, NOP-Ad-1 can uptake 989 mg g-1 benzene and 441 mg g-1 cyclohexane. Moreover, as the benzene vapor ratio increased from 20% to 80%, the Bz/Cy selectivity of NOP-Ad-1 gradually decreased from 1.75 to 1.24. These findings highlight the potential application of NOP-Ad-1 in the adsorption/separation of Bz/Cy mixtures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jiangli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Sihan Tong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Industrial Solid Waste Cyclic Utilization and Advanced Materials, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
- R&D Center of Green Manufacturing New Materials and Technology of Synthetic Leather Sichuan University-Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yin H, Zhen Z, Ning W, Zhang L, Xiang Y, Ye N. Three-dimensional fluorinated covalent organic frameworks coated capillary for the separation of fluoroquinolones by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464234. [PMID: 37523908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional fluorinated covalent organic frameworks (3D FCOFs) JUC-515 was synthesized from tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane (TAM) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalol (TFA) by an ionic liquid method. JUC-515 was introduced into the capillary column and bonded to the inner wall of the capillary column by chemical bonding. Through a variety of characterization results, JUC-515 was successfully synthesized and introduced into the capillary column. The effects of buffer solution concentration, organic additive content and pH of the buffer solution on the separation of fluoroquinolones (FQs) were investigated in detail. The JUC-515-coated capillary column showed good resolution (>1.5) and reproducibility. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time for intraday, interday, column-to-column and interbatch precision were less than 0.88%, 2.45%, 2.74% and 3.32%, respectively. The RSDs of the peak area for intraday, interday, column-to-column and interbatch precision were less than 3.79%, 4.31%, 3.33% and 5.62%, respectively. The JUC-515-coated capillary column could be used no less than 150 times. The results showed that the JUC-515-coated capillary column had good separation performance. In addition, by separating fluorinated β-phenylalanine analogs, β-phenylalanine and trifluoromethyl β-phenylalanine analogs, the separation mechanism based on fluorine interactions was discussed. In conclusion, JUC-515 had good potential as a stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Weijie Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yuhong Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ursueguía D, Daniel C, Collomb C, Cardenas C, Farrusseng D, Díaz E, Ordóñez S. Evaluation of HKUST-1 as Volatile Organic Compound Adsorbents for Respiratory Filters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14465-14474. [PMID: 36383640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclohexane is a representative of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs can cause serious health problems in case of continuous exposure; therefore, it is essential to develop efficient personal protective equipment. Historically, activated carbons are used as VOC adsorbents. However, the emergence of promising novel adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, has pushed the research to study their behavior under the same conditions. In this work, the use of the well-known HKUST-1 MOF of different particle sizes (20 μm, 300-600 μm, and 1-1.18 mm) for the adsorption of low-grade (5000 ppm) cyclohexane combined with different water concentrations (dry, 27 and 80% RH) in a fixed bed is proposed. The results were compared under the same conditions for a typically used activated carbon, PICACTIF TA 60. HKUST-1 has higher affinity to cyclohexane than PICACTIF for the whole pressure range studied, especially at low partial pressures. It begins to adsorb much earlier (0.0025 kPa) than the activated carbon (0.01 kPa). However, a different adsorption behavior is evidenced for both materials in the presence of water vapor since HKUST-1 is very hydrophilic in the zone near to the copper open metal sites, whereas PICACTIF is hydrophobic. After three consecutive cycles, good stability results were obtained for the MOF, comparable to activated carbon, even in the presence of water. As the main finding, although the unstability of HKUST-1 is well established under high humid conditions, the kinetic of degradation has not been established so far. Here, it is shown that the time usage of HKUST-1 as the adsorbent for respiratory mask (single pass) is not affected by the degradation of the structure, which may occur on a longer time scale. Finally, shaping by tableting provides good results since it is possible to increase the MOF density by around 69% with minor loss of adsorption capacity. The best fraction is 300-600 μm, reaching cyclohexane breakthrough times around 85 min/cm3 at 80% RH, comparable with PICACTIF-activated carbon and promising for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ursueguía
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - C Daniel
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - C Collomb
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - C Cardenas
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - D Farrusseng
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne F-69626, France
| | - E Díaz
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - S Ordóñez
- Catalysis, Reactors and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Natraj A, Ji W, Xin J, Castano I, Burke DW, Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Ateia M, Hamachi LS, Gianneschi NC, ALOthman ZA, Sun J, Yusuf K, Dichtel WR. Single-Crystalline Imine-Linked Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Separate Benzene and Cyclohexane Efficiently. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19813-19824. [PMID: 36265086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are composed of structurally precise, permanently porous, layered macromolecular sheets, which are traditionally synthesized as polycrystalline solids with crystalline domain lengths smaller than 100 nm. Here, we polymerize imine-linked 2D COFs as suspensions of faceted single crystals in as little as 5 min at moderate temperature and ambient pressure. Single crystals of two imine-linked 2D COFs were prepared, consisting of a rhombic 2D COF (TAPPy-PDA) and a hexagonal 2D COF (TAPB-DMPDA). The sizes of TAPPy-PDA and TAPB-DMPDA crystals were tuned from 720 nm to 4 μm and 450 nm to 20 μm in width, respectively. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the COF crystals consist of layered, 2D polymers comprising single-crystalline domains. Continuous rotation electron diffraction resolved the unit cell and crystal structure of both COFs, which are single-crystalline in the a-b plane but disordered in the stacking c dimension. Single crystals of both COFs were incorporated into gas chromatography separation columns and exhibited unusual selective retention of cyclohexane over benzene, with single-crystalline TAPPy-PDA significantly outperforming single-crystalline TAPB-DMPDA. Polycrystalline TAPPy-PDA exhibited no separation, while polycrystalline TAPB-DMPDA exhibited poor separation and the opposite order of elution, retaining benzene more than cyclohexane, indicating the importance of improved material quality for COFs to exhibit properties that derive from their precise, crystalline structures. This work represents the first example of synthesizing imine-linked 2D COF single crystals at ambient pressure and short reaction times and demonstrates the promise of high-quality COFs for molecular separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Natraj
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Junjie Xin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David W Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zeid A ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junliang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kareem Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|