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Rabhi S, Hameed TA, Mayarambakam S, Hossain MK, Sekar K. The impact of CBz-PAI interlayer in various HTL-based flexible perovskite solar cells: A drift-diffusion numerical study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31138. [PMID: 38778989 PMCID: PMC11108980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the charge carrier recombination obstacles mainly occur at the ETL/perovskite and HTL/perovskite interfaces, which play a decisive role in the solar cell performance. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the flexible PSC (FPSC) efficiency by adding the newly designed CBz-PAI-interlayer (simply CBz-PAI-IL) at the perovskite/HTL interface. In addition, substantial work has been carried out on five different HTLs (Se/Te-Cu2O, CuGaO2, V2O5, and CuSCN, including conventional Spiro-OMeTAD as a reference HTL with and without CBz-PAI-IL), using drift-diffusion simulation to find suitable FPSC design to attain the maximum PCE. Interestingly, PET/ITO/AZO/ZnO NWs/FACsPbBrI3/CBz-PAI/Se/Te-Cu2O/Au device architecture demonstrates the highest achievable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.9 %. The findings of this study confirmed that the reference device (without IL) displays a large valence band edge (VBE)/highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level misalignment compared to the modified interface device (with CBz-PAI-IL that reduces VBE/HOMO level mismatch) that eases the hole transport, simultaneously, it reduces the charge carrier recombinations at the interface, resulting in diminished Voc losses in the device. Furthermore, the influence of perovskite absorber thickness and defect density, parasitic resistances, and working temperature are systematically examined to govern the superior FPSC efficiency and concurrently understand the device physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rabhi
- Laboratory of Semiconductors Material and Metallic Oxides, USTHB, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
- Dr. Yahia Fares University of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Talaat A. Hameed
- Solid-State Physics Department, Physics Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Sasikumar Mayarambakam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - M. Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Karthick Sekar
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences de Provence, Faculté de Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Park HH, Fermin DJ. Recent Developments in Atomic Layer Deposition of Functional Overlayers in Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3112. [PMID: 38133009 PMCID: PMC10745498 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, research in organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has gathered unprecedented momentum, putting the technology on the brink of full-scale commercialization. A wide range of strategies have been implemented for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of devices and modules, as well as improving stability toward high levels of irradiation, temperature, and humidity. Another key element in the path to commercialization is the scalability of device manufacturing, which requires large-scale deposition of conformal layers without compromising the delicate structure of the perovskite film. In this context, atomic layer deposition (ALD) tools excel in depositing high-quality conformal films with precise control of film composition and thickness over large areas at relatively low processing temperatures. In this commentary, we will briefly outline recent progress in PSC technology enabled by ALD tools, focusing on layers deposited above the absorber layer. These interlayers include charge transport layers, passivation layers, buffer layers, and encapsulation techniques. Additionally, we will discuss some of the challenges and potential avenues for research in PSC technology underpinned by ALD tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hejin Park
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Fermin
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
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Magliano E, Mariani P, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Matteocci F, Taheri B, Cricenti A, Luce M, Di Carlo A. Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Ultrathin Protective Buffer Layers. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:10340-10353. [PMID: 37886223 PMCID: PMC10598631 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) are increasingly important in a range of applications, including top cells in tandem devices and see-through photovoltaics. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are commonly used as transparent electrodes, with sputtering being the preferred deposition method. However, this process can damage exposed layers, affecting the electrical performance of the devices. In this study, an indium tin oxide (ITO) deposition process that effectively suppresses sputtering damage was developed using a transition metal oxides (TMOs)-based buffer layer. An ultrathin (<10 nm) layer of evaporated vanadium oxide or molybdenum oxide was found to be effective in protecting against sputtering damage in ST-PSCs for tandem applications, as well as in thin perovskite-based devices for building-integrated photovoltaics. The identification of minimal parasitic absorption, the high work function and the analysis of oxygen vacancies denoted that the TMO layers are suitable for use in ST-PSCs. The highest fill factor (FF) achieved was 76%, and the efficiency (16.4%) was reduced by less than 10% when compared with the efficiency of gold-based PSCs. Moreover, up-scaling to 1 cm2-large area ST-PSCs with the buffer layer was successfully demonstrated with an FF of ∼70% and an efficiency of 15.7%. Comparing the two TMOs, the ST-PSC with an ultrathin V2Ox layer was slightly less efficient than that with MoOx, but its superior transmittance in the near infrared and greater light-soaking stability (a T80 of 600 h for V2Ox compared to a T80 of 12 h for MoOx) make V2Ox a promising buffer layer for preventing ITO sputtering damage in ST-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Magliano
- C.H.O.S.E.
(Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Electronic Engineering
Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- C.H.O.S.E.
(Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Electronic Engineering
Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E.
(Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Electronic Engineering
Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- C.H.O.S.E.
(Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Electronic Engineering
Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E.
(Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Electronic Engineering
Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- ENEA
- Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cricenti
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM) National Research Council, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Luce
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM) National Research Council, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E.
(Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Electronic Engineering
Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Istituto
di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM) National Research Council, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
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