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Li C, Wang S, Li S, Yin H, Ma Q, Chen FX. Construction and Modification of Nitrogen-Rich Polycyclic Frameworks: A Promising Fused Tricyclic Host-Guest Energetic Material with Heat Resistance, High Energy, and Low Sensitivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35232-35244. [PMID: 38917334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The construction and modification of novel energetic frameworks to achieve an ideal balance between high energy density and good stability are a continuous pursuit for researchers. In this work, a fused [5,6,5]-tricyclic framework was utilized as the energetic host to encapsulate the oxidant molecules for the first time. A series of new pyridazine-based [5,6] and [5,6,5] fused polycyclic nitrogen-rich skeletons and their derivatives were designed and synthesized. Two strategies, amino oxidation and host-guest inclusion, were used to modify the skeleton in only one step. All compounds exhibit good comprehensive properties (Td (onset) > 200 °C, ρ > 1.85 g cm-3, Dv > 8400 m s-1, IS > 20 J, FS > 360 N). Benefiting from the pyridazine-based fused tricyclic structure with more hydrogen bonding units and larger conjugated systems, the first example of [5,6,5]-tricyclic host-guest energetic material triamino-9H-pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine-diperchloric acid (10), shows high decomposition temperature (Td (onset) = 336 °C), high density and heats of formation (ρ = 1.94 g cm-3, ΔHf = 733.4 kJ mol-1), high detonation performance (Dv = 8820 m s-1, P = 36.2 GPa), high specific impulse (Isp = 269 s), and low sensitivity (IS = 30 J, FS > 360 N). The comprehensive performance of 10 is superior to that of high-energy explosive RDX and heat-resistant explosives such as HNS and LLM-105. 10 has the potential to become a comprehensive advanced energetic material that simultaneously satisfies the requirements of high-energy and low-sensitivity explosives, heat-resistant explosives, and solid propellants. This work may give new insights into the construction and modification of a nitrogen-rich polycyclic framework and broaden the applications of fused polycyclic framework for the development of host-guest energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaojia Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Liangxiang Campus, No. 8 Liangxiang East Road, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Li J, Kou A, Ding H, Pang S, He C. An Intramolecular-Lock Facilitates Planar Tricyclic Fused Energetic Compounds. Org Lett 2024; 26:5488-5492. [PMID: 38900414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Exploiting novel fused cyclic frameworks through simple and efficient methods has provided a blueprint for developing advanced explosives. In this study, six new [5,6,5]-tricyclic fused energetic compounds (I-VI) were synthesized through an intramolecular cyclization strategy involving a C-NH2 directed cyclization reaction. The work not only boosts the development of fused cyclic energetic compounds but also highlights their potential applications as secondary or heat-resistant explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ao Kou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongxin Ding
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
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Miao X, Yang X, Li Y, Pang S. Thermal stability of azole-rich energetic compounds: their structure, density, enthalpy of formation and energetic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37409442 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Energetic compounds, as a type of special material, are widely used in the fields of national defense, aerospace and exploration. Their research and production have received growing attention. Thermal stability is a crucial factor for the safety of energetic materials. Azole-rich energetic compounds have emerged as a research hotspot in recent years owing to their excellent properties. Due to the aromaticity of unsaturated azoles, many azole-rich energetic compounds have significant thermal stability, which is one of the properties that researchers focus on. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the physicochemical and energetic properties of various energetic materials, highlighting the relationship between thermal stability and the structural, physicochemical, and energetic properties of azole-rich energetic compounds. To improve the thermal stability of compounds, five aspects can be considered, including functional group modification, bridging, preparation of energetic salts, energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) and co-crystals. It was demonstrated that increasing the strength and number of hydrogen bonds of azoles and expanding the π-π stacking area are the key factors to improve thermal stability, which provides a valuable way to develop energetic materials with higher energy and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Miao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xinbo Yang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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Functionalized fused triazole-triazine: Novel multi-nitro compounds with various energetic functionalities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Chen P, Dou H, Zhang J, He C, Pang S. Trinitromethyl Energetic Groups Enhance High Heats of Detonation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4144-4151. [PMID: 36629788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of groups with high enthalpies of formation can effectively improve the detonation performance of the compounds. A series of novel energetic compounds (10-13) with high enthalpies of formation, high density, and high nitrogen-oxygen content were designed and synthesized by combining gem-polynitromethyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, furoxan, and azo groups. All the new compounds were thoroughly characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Compounds 10 and 11 were also further characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 11 has high density (1.93 g cm-3), high enthalpy of formation (993.5 kJ mol-1), high detonation velocity (9411 m s-1), and high heat of detonation (6889 kJ kg-1) and is a potentially excellent secondary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Hui Dou
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Jinya Zhang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 10081, China
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhao X, He C, Pang S. Coordinative Combination of Nitroamine and Gem-Dinitromethyl with Fused Ring for Enhanced Oxygen Balances and Detonation Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214337. [PMID: 36430825 PMCID: PMC9697839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen balance and heat of formation are closely related to the nitrogen and oxygen content in a molecule and have a significant effect on the detonation performance of energetic materials. Here a new family of 1,2,4-triazolo [4,3-b][1,2,4,5]-tetrazine containing gem-dinitromethyl and nitroamine with high nitrogen-oxygen content was synthesized and characterized. Moreover, the structure of the guanidine salt (3) and TATOT salt (4) were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The nitrogen and oxygen content of ammonium salt 2 reached 82.5%, with a high density (1.805 g cm-3) and high detonation properties (D = 8900 m s-1; P = 32.4 GPa), which were similar to those of RDX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (C.H.); (S.P.)
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