1
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Zhang Z, Li H, Huang L, Wang H, Niu H, Yang Z, Wang M. Rapid identification and quantitative analysis of malachite green in fish via SERS and 1D convolutional neural network. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124655. [PMID: 38885572 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and quantitative detection of malachite green (MG) in aquaculture products is very important for safety assurance in food supply. Here, we develop a point-of-care testing (POCT) platform that combines a flexible and transparent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with deep learning network for achieving rapid and quantitative detection of MG in fish. The flexible and transparent SERS substrate was prepared by depositing silver (Ag) film on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film using laser molecular beam epitaxy (LMBE) technique. The wrinkled Ag NPs@PDMS film exhibits high SERS activity, excellent reproducibility and good mechanical stability. Additionally, the fast in situ detection of MG residues onfishscales was achieved by using the wrinkled Ag NPs/PDMS film and a portable Raman spectrometer, with a minimum detectable concentration of 10-6 M. Subsequently, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) model was constructed for rapid quantification of MG concentration. The results demonstrated that the 1D CNN quantitative analysis model possessed superior predictive performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9947 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0104. The proposed POCT platform, integrating a transparent flexible SERS substrate, a portable Raman spectrometer and a 1D CNN model, provides an efficient strategy for rapid identification and quantitative analysis of MG in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Hefu Li
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China.
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Huijuan Niu
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Zhenshan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Minghong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China.
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2
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Bitra VS, Verma S, Rao BT. TinyML-Raman: A novel IoT based field-deployable spectra analysis for accurate identification of pharmaceuticals and trace dye-pesticide mixtures from facile SERS method. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1322:343063. [PMID: 39182990 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.343063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upcoming inexpensive, compact Internet of Things (IoT) microcontrollers i.e., tiny-machine learning (TinyML) takes the ML driven Raman spectroscopy one step ahead for realization of more affordable and highly compact field deployable instruments. Further, lack of large spectral datasets and need for numerous specialized SERS substrates impede the development of various ML-based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. The aim is to introduce TinyML analysis on wide range of spectra classes using customized dataset obtained with low-cost SERS. In this regard, it is vital to establish an optimum ML model and efficient data handling methodology for low memory TinyML units. RESULTS We introduce a novel TinyML methodology for accurate classification of large spectra classes with smartphone assistance for data communication and results visualization. To generate large customized spectral dataset, we present a facile, micro-drop SERS using Au colloids and reusable grooved Al substrates. The results demonstrated that memory efficient 8-bit data quantization based convolutional neural network is effective for accurate identification of 22 different spectra classes of trace dye-pesticide mixtures and pharmaceuticals. In this novel quantized data analysis on significantly varied intensity and complex variation spectra classes i.e., many individual, binary-mixtures and some with varied compositions, data normalization is shown to be powerful for improving ML classification accuracy from about 55 % to >99.5 %. Its robustness is demonstrated using inter-instrument driven data variations such as spectral shifts, high noise, and abscissa-flip, with five-fold cross validation of model performance. In addition, on-site quantification of analyte through spectral intensity is also demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE This study opens up a new approach of ML analysis towards realization of next generation field deployable analytical instruments maintaining data privacy. It presents a detailed procedure of quantized spectral data analysis and its implementation in TinyML, attractive for various users and instrument manufacturers. The presented innovative computer-free ML analysis can be employed in all types of spectrometers, meeting the common goal of Raman spectroscopy i.e., accurate identification of complex spectra classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Suprabath Bitra
- International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, Electronic City, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560100, India.
| | - Shweta Verma
- Laser Materials Processing Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452013, India
| | - B Tirumala Rao
- Laser Materials Processing Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452013, India.
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3
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Li Z, Lu X, Zhang Z, Yan S, Yang Y. Rapid Fingerprinting of Urinary Volatile Metabolites and Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Phenylketonuria on a Patterned Nanorod Sensor Array with Multiplexed Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Readouts. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39206680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is one of the most common genetic metabolic diseases, especially among newborns. Traditional clinical examination of newborn blood samples for PKU is invasive, laborious, and limited to hospitals and healthcare facilities. We reported herein a SERS-based sensor array with three thiophenolic nanoreceptors built on a patterned nanorod vertical array for rapid and inexpensive detection of characteristic volatile biomarkers indicative of PKU in the urine and accurate classification of newborn baby patients all performed on a hand-held SERS spectrophotometer. The well-ordered array was generated from the volatility-driven assembly of gold nanorods (AuNRs) into an upright and closely packed hexagonal configuration. The uniformly distributed nanowells between AuNRs offered an intense and aspect-ratio-dependent plasmonic field for the molecular enhancement of SERS outputs. The SERS-based detector was integrated into a test chip for regular monitoring of volatile phenylketone bodies in the spiked solution or patients' urine within 5 min, allowing the quantification of a wide variety of normal or abnormal metabolites at their physiologically relevant concentration range. The detection limits for common biomarkers of PKU, including phenylpyruvic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and phenylacetic acid, were at a few μM and well below the diagnostic thresholds. Moreover, the volatile headspace mixtures from a given urine sample could be fingerprinted by the sensor array and discriminated using machine-learning algorithms. Ultimately, the discrimination of baby patients among 26 cases of mild and classic PKU phenotypes and 17 cases of healthy volunteers could be realized with an overall accuracy of 97%. This hand-held SERS platform plays a pivotal role in advancing healthcare applications in quick screening of neonatal PKU through a facile urinary vapor test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Shandong Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, P.R. China
| | - Shuoyang Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P.R. China
| | - Yunli Yang
- Clinical Study and Evidence Based Medicine Institute, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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Kanike C, Lu Q, Wu H, Unsworth LD, Atta A, Zhang X. Plasmonic Nanostructures Grown from Reacting Droplet-In-Microwell Array on Flexible Films for Quantitative Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Plant Wearable In Situ Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405576. [PMID: 39039736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant wearable detection has garnered significant interest in advancing agricultural intelligence and promoting sustainable food production amidst the challenges of climate change. Accurately monitoring plant health and agrochemical residue levels necessitates qualities such as precision, affordability, simplicity, and noninvasiveness. Here, a novel attachable plasmonic film is introduced and designed for on-site detection of agrochemical residues utilizing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). By functionalizing a thin polydimethylsiloxane film with silver nanoparticles via controlled droplet reactions in micro-well arrays, a plasmonic film is achieved that not only maintains optical transparency for precise analyte localization but also conforms closely to the plant surface, facilitating highly sensitive SERS measurements. The reliability of this film enables accurate identification and quantification of individual compounds and their mixtures, boasting an ultra-low detection limit ranging from 10-16 to 10-13 m, with mini mal relative standard deviation. To showcase its potential, on-field detection of pesticide residues on fruit surfaces is conducted using a handheld Raman spectrometer. This advancement in fabricating plasmonic nanostructures on flexible films holds promise for expanding SERS applications beyond plant monitoring, including personalized health monitoring, point-of-care diagnosis, wearable devices for human-machine interface, and on-site monitoring of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Kanike
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Qiuyun Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Larry D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Arnab Atta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, JM Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+, Department of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, NB, 7522, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhou J, Wang H, Chen Y, Lin D, Zhang L, Xing Z, Zhang Q, Xia J. A self-calibrating flexible SERS substrate incorporating PB@Au assemblies for reliable and reproducible detection. Analyst 2024; 149:4060-4071. [PMID: 38979998 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The precise quantitative analysis using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in an uncontrollable environment still faces a significant obstacle due to the poor reproducibility of Raman signals. Herein, we propose a facile method to fabricate a self-calibrating substrate based on a flexible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film comprising assemblies of Prussian blue (PB) and Au NPs (PB@Au) for reliable detection. PB cores were coated with an Au shell through simple electrostatic interaction, forming core-shell nanostructure PB@Au assemblies within the PVA film. The outer Au layer provided identical trends in enhancement for both the PB core and neighboring targets while PB cores served as an internal standard (IS) to correct signal fluctuations. The prevention of competitive adsorption on the metal surface between targets and ISs was achieved. The proposed PVA/PB@Au film exhibited enhanced stability of Raman signals after IS correction, resulting in improved spot-to-spot and batch-to-batch reproducibility with significantly reduced standard deviation (RSD) values from 11.42% and 25.02% to 4.43% and 9.39%, respectively. Simultaneously, a higher accuracy in the quantitative analysis of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) and malachite green (MG) was achieved with fitting coefficient (R2) values improving from 0.9675 and 0.9418 to 0.9974 and 0.9832, respectively. Moreover, the PVA/PB@Au film was successfully applied to detect residual MG in real fish samples. This work opens up an avenue to improve the reproducibility of Raman signals for flexible SERS substrates in the detection of residues under various complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Huiting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Yaxian Chen
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Dongxue Lin
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xing
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Jiarui Xia
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
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Li S, Ling Y, Chen J, Yuan X, Zhang Z. Portable Copper-Based Electrochemical SERS Sensor for Point-of-Care Testing of Paraquat and Diquat by On-Site Electrostatic Preconcentration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39008657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of portable Raman spectrometers, the deployment of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in point-of-care testing (POCT) has been initiated. Within any analytical framework employing SERS, the acuity and selectivity inherent to the SERS substrate are of paramount importance. In this article, we utilize in situ electrochemical passivation technology to fabricate CuI passivation film, which serves as a flexible copper-based SERS substrate. Furthermore, portable electrochemical SERS (EC-SERS) sensors were prepared by combining this with laser direct writing technology. The detection signal was amplified using electrostatic preconcentration technology, showcasing impressive sensitivity, selectivity, and stability in pesticide detection. The detected concentrations of paraquat and diquat in tea reached as low as 3.36 and 2.43 μg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the application of electrostatic preconcentration facilitated selective target molecule aggregation on the SERS sensor, markedly increasing Raman signal strength and enabling single-molecule detection. This research introduces an innovative POCT method for pesticides, promising to advance environmental monitoring's analytical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yunhan Ling
- Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianyue Chen
- Institute of New Functional Materials Co., Ltd, Guangxi Institute of Industrial Technology, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiaoming Yuan
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Zhang
- Lab of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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7
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Sun M, Huang L, Wang H, Zhang Z, Niu H, Yang Z, Li H. Curvature-Insensitive Transparent Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Based on Large-Area Ag Nanoparticle-Coated Wrinkled Polystyrene/Polydimethylsiloxane Film for Reliable In Situ Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:2946. [PMID: 38931008 PMCID: PMC11206736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible and transparent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have attracted considerable attention for their ability to enable the direct in situ detection of analytes on curved surfaces. However, the curvature of an object can impact the signal enhancement of SERS during the measurement process. Herein, we propose a simple approach for fabricating a curvature-insensitive transparent SERS substrate by depositing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) onto a large-area wrinkled polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane (Ag NP@W-PS/PDMS) bilayer film. Using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule, the optimized Ag NP@W-PS/PDMS film demonstrates a high analytical enhancement factor (AEF) of 4.83 × 105, excellent uniformity (RSD = 7.85%) and reproducibility (RSD = 3.09%), as well as superior mechanical flexibility. Additionally, in situ measurements of malachite green (MG) on objects with diverse curvatures, including fish, apple, and blueberry, are conducted using a portable Raman system, revealing a consistent SERS enhancement. Furthermore, a robust linear relationship (R2 ≥ 0.990) between Raman intensity and the logarithmic concentration of MG detected from these objects is achieved. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential of the developed curvature-insensitive SERS substrate as a point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for identifying analytes on irregular objects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hefu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (M.S.); (L.H.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.); (H.N.); (Z.Y.)
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8
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Pramanik M, Limaye MV, Sharma PK, Mishra M, Tripathy SK, Singh SB. Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Performance of 2D Ti 3C 2T x MXene Embedded in PVDF Film Enabled by Photoinduction and Electric Field Modulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29121-29131. [PMID: 38776248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a synergistic approach to enhance the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal in two-dimensional (2D) MXene through photo-irradiation and electric field modulation. Our methodology involves the integration of 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene with piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, resulting in the creation of a free-standing, flexible composite film. On this composite film, a thin layer of Au was deposited. Our flexible substrate was able to sense methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), 4-aminothiophenol (ATP), and melamine. The SERS substrate exhibits low detection limit of 10-8 M MB with a 6.7 × 106 enhancement factor (EF). The SERS substrate enables picomolar (pM) detection sensitivity for CV molecules with an EF of 9.2 × 109. Furthermore, the introduction of photo-irradiation leads to an additional ∼3.5-fold enhancement in the SERS signal, which is attributed to the altered work function and defects. The application of mechanical force to the piezoelectric PVDF/Ti3C2Tx film results in a ∼4.5-fold boost in SERS signal due to mechanical force-induced electrical energy. The fabrication strategy employed here for producing a flexible piezoelectric PVDF/Ti3C2Tx film holds significant promise for expanding the potential application of 2D MXene in rapid, on-site sensing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monidipa Pramanik
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Mukta V Limaye
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Parul Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
| | - Madhusudan Mishra
- Department of Electronic Science, Berhampur University, Odisha 760007, India
- Centre of Excellence in Nano Sc. and Tech. for development of sensors, Berhampur University, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Sukanta K Tripathy
- Centre of Excellence in Nano Sc. and Tech. for development of sensors, Berhampur University, Odisha 760007, India
- Department of Physics, Berhampur University, Odisha 760007, India
| | - Shashi B Singh
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Berhampur 760010, Odisha, India
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9
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Zheng W, Li M, Zhang Z, Lou Z, Liu Y, Yao Y, Chen L, Lin B, Wang Y, Guo L. On-site preparation of sandwich plasmonic coupled SERS tape toward pesticide residue determination on food surface. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:224. [PMID: 38556528 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
A sandwich plasmonic coupled surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) tape is proposed prepared by peeling the chemical printed silver nanocorals (AgNCs) from Cu sheet with adhesive tape, which can sample targets from food surface and sandwich them between substrates and Cu sheet for SERS detection. The solid-to-solid transformation method for fabricating SERS tapes can effectively avoid the weakening of tape stickiness during the preparation process. The sandwich plasmonic coupled structure of AgNC substrate, targets, and Cu sheet display excellent SERS activity (EF = 1.62 × 107) for sensitive determination of analytes. In addition, due to the high heat conductivity of Cu sheet, the thermal effect of laser irradiation during SERS detection cannot damage the AgNC tapes, which ensures the reproducibility of subsequent quantification. The sandwich plasmonic coupled SERS tape is demonstrated to quantify malachite green (MG) and methyl parathion (MP) with good linear coefficients (> 0.98) by two typical calibration plots under different concentration ranges. The limit of detection (LOD) of the method is 0.17 ng/cm2 and 0.48 μg/cm2 (S/N = 3) for MG and MP. This method can realize the quantitative determination of MP and MG on the surface of fruits and fish scale with recoveries of 93-113%. The satisfactory detection results demonstrate the proposed sandwich plasmonic coupled AgNC tape can be successfully applied to SERS-based point-of-care testing (POCT) for pesticide residue determination, which will provide a new path for designing and constructing SERS tapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Zheng
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Lou
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Liu
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyong Lin
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueliang Wang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longhua Guo
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Atta S, Canning AJ, Vo-Dinh T. A simple low-cost flexible plasmonic patch based on spiky gold nanostars for ultra-sensitive SERS sensing. Analyst 2024; 149:2084-2096. [PMID: 38415724 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02246c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recently, transparent and flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have received great interest for direct point-of-care detection of analytes on irregular nonplanar surfaces. In this study, we proposed a simple cost-effective strategy to develop a flexible SERS patch utilizing multibranched sharp spiked gold nanostars (GNS) decorated on a commercially available adhesive Scotch Tape for achieving ultra-high SERS sensitivity. The experimental SERS measurements were correlated with theoretical finite element modeling (FEM), which indicates that the GNS having a 2.5 nm branch tip diameter (GNS-4) exhibits the strongest SERS enhancement. Using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a model analyte, the SERS performance of the flexible SERS patch exhibited a minimum detection limit of R6G as low as 1 pM. The enhancement factor of the SERS patch with GNS-4 was calculated as 6.2 × 108, which indicates that our flexible SERS substrate has the potential to achieve ultra-high sensitivity. The reproducibility was tested with 30 different spots showing a relative standard deviation (RSD) of SERS intensity of about 5.4%, indicating good reproducibility of the SERS platform. To illustrate the usefulness of the flexible SERS sensor patch, we investigated the detection of a carcinogenic compound crystal violet (CV) on fish scales, which is often used as an effective antifungal agent in the aquaculture industry. The results realized the trace detection of CV with the minimum detection limit as low as 1 pM. We believe that our transparent, and flexible SERS patch based on GNS-4 has potential as a versatile, low-cost platform for real-world SERS sensing applications on nonplanar surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Atta
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aidan J Canning
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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11
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Ruan S, Wang W, Qiu L, Yan X, Peng Z, Zhu H, Liu Y, Lu Y, You R. Preparation of 3D flexible SERS substrates by mixing gold nanorods in hydrogels for the detection of malachite green and crystal violet. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:205. [PMID: 38492087 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
A simple and cost-effective fabrication method of gold nanorods (AuNRs) nanoparticles hybridized with polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (AuNR/PVA) for SERS substrate is described. The AuNR/PVA achieves the control of inter-particle nanogap by modulating the density of gold nanorods, and inter-particle nanogap by the spatial deformation of the hydrogel, and the reduction of the gap between the AuNRs deposited on hydrogel makes the SERS enhancement. In addition, the AuNR/PVA substrate maintains high SERS activity after more than 100 cycles of bending and storage in air for 30 days, and the substrate possesses high sensitivity and high reproducibility. Combining a flexible and transparent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for in situ detection with a small portable Raman can be applied to scenarios such as environmental detection and hazardous materials detection. The substrate showed excellent SERS activity against malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) with limits of detection of 1.18 × 10-13 M and 7.17 × 10-12 M, respectively. The usability of the proposed SERS substrate was demonstrated by detecting the above contaminants in aquatic water. This work not only utilizes a cost-effective method for mass production but also provides a reliable and convenient platform for the preparation of other noble metal flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Ruan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Liting Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Yan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihua Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Huina Zhu
- Integrated Technique Services Center of Dong Shan Customs, Zhangzhou, 363401, Fujian, China
| | - Yunzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Yudong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyun You
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China.
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12
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Zhou Y, Wang H, Zhao Z, Luan D, Bian X, Lai K, Yan J. Colloidal SERS measurement of enrofloxacin with petaloid nanostructure clusters formed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase catalyzed cytosine-constituted ssDNA. Food Chem 2023; 429:136954. [PMID: 37499513 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We developed petal-like plasmonic nanoparticle (PLNP) clusters-based colloidal SERS method for enrofloxacin (EnFX) detection. PLNPs were synthesized by the regulation of single-stranded DNA composed of homo-cytosine deoxynucleotides (hC) catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. SERS hot spots were created via the agglomeration process of PLNPs by adding an inorganic salt potassium iodide solution, in which EnFX molecules were attached to the negatively charged PLNPs surface by electrostatic interactions. This approach enabled direct in situ detection of antibiotic residues, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.15 μg/kg for EnFX. The spiked recoveries of the SERS method were approximately 92.7% to 107.2% and the RSDs ranged from 1.05% to 7.8%, indicating that the method can be applied to actual sample detection. This colloidal SERS measurement platform would be very promising in various applications, especially in real-time and on-site food safety screening owing to its rapidness, simplicity, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Process & Preservation, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Process & Preservation, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Shanghai Oceanhood Optoelctronics Technology Co., Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Donglei Luan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Process & Preservation, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Bian
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Process & Preservation, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Keqiang Lai
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Process & Preservation, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Juan Yan
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Process & Preservation, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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13
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Chen C, Liu J, Lu J, Lu N. Fabrication of Flexible Pyramid Array as SERS Substrate for Direct Sampling and Reproducible Detection. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14184-14191. [PMID: 37721016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid extraction and analysis of target molecules from irregular surfaces are in high demand in the field of on-site analysis. Herein, a flexible platform used for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on an ordered polymer pyramid structure with half-imbedded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was prepared to address this issue. The fabrication includes the following steps: (1) creating inverted pyramid arrays in silicon substrate, (2) preparing a layer of AgNPs on the surface of the inverted pyramids, and (3) obtaining a substrate with an ordered polymer pyramids array with half-imbedded AgNPs by the molding method. This flexible substrate is capable of rapid extraction via a simple and convenient "paste and peel off" method. In addition, the substrate exhibits great repeatability and good sensitivity thanks to the uniformity and larger surface area of the ordered pyramids. The density of "hot spots" (local electromagnetic field with high intensity) is increased on the structured surface. Semi-imbedding silver particles in the polymer pyramids makes "hot spots" robust on the substrate. In addition, the preprepared silicon template with the inverted pyramids can be reused, which greatly reduces the production cost. With this substrate, we successfully analyzed thiram molecules on the epidermis of apples, cucumbers, and oranges, and the detection limits are 2.4, 3, and 3 ng/cm2, respectively. These results demonstrate the great potential of the substrate for in situ analysis, which can provide reference for the design of ideal SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhongshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chunning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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14
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Wang H, Huang L, Yang Z, Wang Y, Li H. Versatile flexible SERS substrate for in situ detection of contaminants in water and fruits based on Ag NPs decorated wrinkled PDMS film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21025-21037. [PMID: 37381212 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate has attracted great attention due to its convenient sampling and on-site monitoring capability. However, it is still challenging to fabricate a versatile flexible SERS substrate, which can be used for in situ detection of analytes either in water or on irregular solid surfaces. Here, we report a flexible and transparent SERS substrate based on a wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film obtained by transferring corrugated structures on the aluminium/polystyrene bilayer film, onto which silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are deposited by thermal evaporation. The as-fabricated SERS substrate exhibits a high enhancement factor (∼1.19×105), good signal uniformity (RSD of 6.27%), and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD of 7.3%) for rhodamine 6 G. In addition, the Ag NPs@W-PDMS film can maintain high detection sensitivity even after mechanical deformations of bending or torsion for 100 cycles. More importantly, being flexible, transparent, and light, the Ag NPs@W-PDMS film can both float on the water surface and conformally contact with the curved surface for in situ detection. The malachite green in aqueous environment and on apple peel can be easily detected down to 10-6 M with a portable Raman spectrometer. Therefore, it is expected that such a versatile flexible SERS substrate has great potential in on-site, in situ contaminant monitoring for realistic applications.
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15
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Fatkullin M, Rodriguez RD, Petrov I, Villa NE, Lipovka A, Gridina M, Murastov G, Chernova A, Plotnikov E, Averkiev A, Cheshev D, Semyonov O, Gubarev F, Brazovskiy K, Sheng W, Amin I, Liu J, Jia X, Sheremet E. Molecular Plasmonic Silver Forests for the Photocatalytic-Driven Sensing Platforms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:923. [PMID: 36903801 PMCID: PMC10005408 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Structural electronics, as well as flexible and wearable devices are applications that are possible by merging polymers with metal nanoparticles. However, using conventional technologies, it is challenging to fabricate plasmonic structures that remain flexible. We developed three-dimensional (3D) plasmonic nanostructures/polymer sensors via single-step laser processing and further functionalization with 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) as a molecular probe. These sensors allow ultrasensitive detection with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We tracked the 4-NBT plasmonic enhancement and changes in its vibrational spectrum under the chemical environment perturbations. As a model system, we investigated the sensor's performance when exposed to prostate cancer cells' media over 7 days showing the possibility of identifying the cell death reflected in the environment through the effects on the 4-NBT probe. Thus, the fabricated sensor could have an impact on the monitoring of the cancer treatment process. Moreover, the laser-driven nanoparticles/polymer intermixing resulted in a free-form electrically conductive composite that withstands over 1000 bending cycles without losing electrical properties. Our results bridge the gap between plasmonic sensing with SERS and flexible electronics in a scalable, energy-efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Fatkullin
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Raul D. Rodriguez
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ilia Petrov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nelson E. Villa
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna Lipovka
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maria Gridina
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Gennadiy Murastov
- Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef-Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Anna Chernova
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii Plotnikov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Averkiev
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Cheshev
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Semyonov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Fedor Gubarev
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Brazovskiy
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Van’t Hoff Institute of Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianxi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Evgeniya Sheremet
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Ave, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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16
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Bhardwaj K, Jaiswal A. Plasmonic 3-D wrinkled polymeric shrink film-based SERS substrates for pesticide detection on real-world surfaces. Analyst 2023; 148:562-572. [PMID: 36562631 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The continuous and excessive use of agrochemicals for crop improvement and protection has raised widespread concern, as they exert adverse effects on human health and the local environment. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) provides a method for the quick identification and detection of such hazardous substances in a short amount of time due to its properties of being robust, accurate, sensitive and non-destructive. Despite the fact that several SERS substrates have been developed, the bulk of them are ineffective in terms of sample collection or providing reproducible results. In this study, we showed that a 3-D wrinkled polymeric heat-shrink film coated with Au bead@Ag nanorods (silver nanorods) serves as a potential SERS substrate for trace analysis. The surface of the heat-shrink film became wrinkled after heating, and this, along with the spatial arrangement of nanoparticles, significantly enhances the Raman signal of the analytes. The fabricated SERS substrate was able to sense two model analytes 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) and 2-naphthalenethiol (NT) up to 10-13 M and 10-11 M concentrations. The fabricated substrate was also effective in sensing thiram down to 10-13 M concentration. Additionally, the SERS substrate was applied in a real-world setting for the detection of the pesticide thiram spiked onto apple skin surfaces. To collect the thiram residues, the substrate was simply swabbed across the surface of the apple. This allowed for the detection of thiram at concentrations as low as 10-9 M (1 ppb). The fabricated SERS substrate can thus detect analytes in an efficient, sensitive, dependable and accurate manner, allowing for the sensing of trace analytes like pesticides in a real-world environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Bhardwaj
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Pincode: 175075, India.
| | - Amit Jaiswal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, Pincode: 175075, India.
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Silva-Neto HA, Arantes IV, Ferreira AL, do Nascimento GH, Meloni GN, de Araujo WR, Paixão TR, Coltro WK. Recent advances on paper-based microfluidic devices for bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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