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Gao Y, Li S, Gong L, Li J, Qi D, Liu N, Bian Y, Jiang J. Unprecedented POSS-Linked 3D Covalent Organic Frameworks with 2-Fold Interpenetrated scu or sqc Topology Regulated by Porphyrin Center for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404156. [PMID: 38619506 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of porphyrin center regulated three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with 2-fold interpenetrated scu or sqc topology have been investigated. These COFs exhibit unique structural features and properties, making them promising candidates for photocatalytic applications in CO2 reduction and artemisinin synthesis. The porphyrin center serves as an anchor for metal ions, allowing precise control over structures and functions of the frameworks. Furthermore, the metal coordination within the framework imparts desirable catalytic properties, enabling their potential use in photocatalytic reactions. Overall, these porphyrin center regulated metal-controlled COFs offer exciting opportunities for the development of advanced materials with tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Senzhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lei Gong
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Naifang Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Daxing Research Institute, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Daxing Research Institute, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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2
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Han WK, Li J, Zhu RM, Wei M, Xia SK, Fu JX, Zhang J, Pang H, Li MD, Gu ZG. Photosensitizing metal covalent organic framework with fast charge transfer dynamics for efficient CO 2 photoreduction. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8422-8429. [PMID: 38846403 PMCID: PMC11151834 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Designing artificial photocatalysts for CO2 reduction is challenging, mainly due to the intrinsic difficulty of making multiple functional units cooperate efficiently. Herein, three-dimensional metal covalent organic frameworks (3D MCOFs) were employed as an innovative platform to integrate a strong Ru(ii) light-harvesting unit, an active Re(i) catalytic center, and an efficient charge separation configuration for photocatalysis. The photosensitive moiety was precisely stabilized into the covalent skeleton by using a rational-designed Ru(ii) complex as one of the building units, while the Re(i) center was linked via a shared bridging ligand with an Ru(ii) center, opening an effective pathway for their electronic interaction. Remarkably, the as-synthesized MCOF exhibited impressive CO2 photoreduction activity with a CO generation rate as high as 1840 μmol g-1 h-1 and 97.7% selectivity. The femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations uncovered the fast charge-transfer dynamics occurring between the photoactive and catalytic centers, providing a comprehensive understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism. This work offers in-depth insight into the design of MCOF-based photocatalysts for solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Kang Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Ruo-Meng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Shu-Kun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jia-Xing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 China
| | - Ming-De Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Shantou 515063 China
| | - Zhi-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
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3
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Dong YL, Jiang Y, Ni S, Guan GW, Zheng ST, Guan Q, Pei LM, Yang QY. Ligand Defect-Induced Active Sites in Ni-MOF-74 for Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction to CO. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308005. [PMID: 38148319 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into valuable carbon-based products using clean and renewable solar energy has been a significant challenge in photocatalysis. It is of paramount importance to develop efficient photocatalysts for the catalytic conversion of CO2 using visible light. In this study, the Ni-MOF-74 material is successfully modified to achieve a highly porous structure (Ni-74-Am) through temperature and solvent modulation. Compared to the original Ni-MOF-74, Ni-74-Am contains more unsaturated Ni active sites resulting from defects, thereby enhancing the performance of CO2 photocatalytic conversion. Remarkably, Ni-74-Am exhibits outstanding photocatalytic performance, with a CO generation rate of 1380 µmol g-1 h-1 and 94% CO selectivity under visible light, significantly surpassing the majority of MOF-based photocatalysts reported to date. Furthermore, experimental characterizations reveal that Ni-74-Am has significantly higher efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole separation and faster carrier migration rate for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This work enriches the design and application of defective MOFs and provides new insights into the design of MOF-based photocatalysts for renewable energy and environmental sustainability. The findings of this study hold significant promise for developing efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction under visible-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Li Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuang Ni
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Guo-Wei Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Su-Tao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qingqing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Ling-Min Pei
- School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Zhao X, Xu Q, Han J, Zhang W, Rao H, Du DY, She P, Qin JS. Ionic Liquid Modified Fe-Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks as Efficient and Selective Photocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26272-26279. [PMID: 38728610 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are ideal platforms for heterogeneous photocatalysts toward CO2 reduction. To further explore photocatalytic MOF systems, it is also necessary to consider their ability to fine-tune the microenvironments of the active sites, which affects their overall catalytic operation. Herein, a kind of ionic liquid (IL, here is 3-butyric acid-1-methyl imidazolium bromide, BAMeImBr) was anchored to iron-porphyrinic Zr-MOFs with different amounts to obtain ILx@MOF-526 (MOF-526 = Zr6O4(OH)4(FeTCBPP)3, FeTCBPP = iron 5,10,15,20-tetra[4-(4'-carboxyphenyl)phenyl]-porphyrin, x = 100, 200, and 400). ILx@MOF-526 series was designed to investigate the effects of the microenvironmental and electronic structural modification on the efficiency and selectivity of the photochemical reduction of CO2 after introducing IL fragments. Compared to parent MOF-526, the production and selectivity of CO were greatly improved in the absence of any photosensitizer under visible light by the ILx@MOF-526 series. Among them, the CO yield of IL200@MOF-526 was up to 14.0 mmol g-1 within 72 h with a remarkable CO selectivity of 97%, which is superior to that of MOF-526 without BAMeIm+ modification and other amounts of BAMeIm+ loaded. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations were performed to study the mechanism of the CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Heng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ying Du
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ping She
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Sheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry and International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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5
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Paul R, Maibam A, Chatterjee R, Wang W, Mukherjee T, Das N, Yellappa M, Banerjee T, Bhaumik A, Venkata Mohan S, Babarao R, Mondal J. Purification of Waste-Generated Biogas Mixtures Using Covalent Organic Framework's High CO 2 Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22066-22078. [PMID: 38629710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Development of crystalline porous materials for selective CO2 adsorption and storage is in high demand to boost the carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. In this regard, we have developed a β-keto enamine-based covalent organic framework (VM-COF) via the Schiff base polycondensation technique. The as-synthesized VM-COF exhibited excellent thermal and chemical stability along with a very high surface area (1258 m2 g-1) and a high CO2 adsorption capacity (3.58 mmol g-1) at room temperature (298 K). The CO2/CH4 and CO2/H2 selectivities by the IAST method were calculated to be 10.9 and 881.7, respectively, which were further experimentally supported by breakthrough analysis. Moreover, theoretical investigations revealed that the carbonyl-rich sites in a polymeric backbone have higher CO2 binding affinity along with very high binding energy (-39.44 KJ mol-1) compared to other aromatic carbon-rich sites. Intrigued by the best CO2 adsorption capacity and high CO2 selectivity, we have utilized the VM-COF for biogas purification produced by the biofermentation of municipal waste. Compared with the commercially available activated carbon, VM-COF exhibited much better purification ability. This opens up a new opportunity for the creation of functionalized nanoporous materials for the large-scale purification of waste-generated biogases to address the challenges associated with energy and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashakiran Maibam
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
- School of Science, Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rupak Chatterjee
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Triya Mukherjee
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Masapogu Yellappa
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Pilani 333031, Gujarat, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Ravichandar Babarao
- School of Science, Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia
- CSIRO, Normanby Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Song D, Xu W, He W, Li C, Yang J, Li J, Wang N. Selective Integrating Molecular Catalytic Units into Bipyridine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Specific Photocatalytic Fuel Production. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3444-3451. [PMID: 38331715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular metal compounds have demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and product selectivity in the H2 evolution reaction (HER) and the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The heterogenization of molecular catalysts is regarded as an effective approach to improve their applicability. In this work, the molecular catalytic units [Cp*Ir(Bpy)Cl]+ and [Ru(Bpy)(CO)2Cl2] are constructed in situ on the bipyridine sites of the covalent organic framework for photocatalytic HER and CO2RR, respectively. Inheriting the impressive performance of molecular catalysts, the functionalized TpBpy-M exhibits excellent catalytic activity and product selectivity. Under visible light irradiation, the H2 production rate of TpBpy-Ir is about 760 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 6.7 times higher than that of TpBpy without built-in catalytic sites. Also, the HCOOH production rate of TpBpy-Ru is 271 μmol g-1 h-1, with an impressive selectivity of 88%. Control experiments validated that this improvement is attributed to the incorporation of molecular catalytic units into the framework. Photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculation consistently demonstrate that, under illumination, the photosensitizer [Ru(Bpy)3]Cl2 is excited and transfers electrons to the catalytic sites in TpBpy-M, which then catalyzes the reduction of H+ and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengmeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Carbon Neutral Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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7
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Patra BC, Datta S, Bhattacharya S. A Stimuli-Responsive Dual-Emitting Covalent Organic Framework Shows Selective Sensing of Highly Corrosive Acidic Media via Fluorescence Turn-On Signal with White Light Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7650-7659. [PMID: 38315165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent covalent organic frameworks (LCOFs) have been employed as platforms for sensing analytes. Judicial incorporation of appropriate functional units inside the framework leads to the different electronic states in the presence of external stimuli, e.g., temperature, pH, etc. We report herein a new COF (TPEPy) as a solid-state acid sensor specific for the highly acidic environments that range from pH ∼0.5 to ∼3.0. This COF shows a protonation-induced reversible color change from bright yellow to deep red upon decreasing the pH from 3 to 0.5 and vice versa. No visual color change was, however, observed above pH 3.0. Photoluminescence (PL) studies show that the intrinsic emission peak of the TPEPy COF at 530 nm is shifted to 420 nm owing to the N-protonation of the imine nitrogen of COF within this pH range. Extensive studies demonstrate that the protonation behavior of the COF is counterion dependent. This was revealed when different acids, e.g., HCl, HNO3, HBr, and HI, were employed. The intensity of the proton-induced emission peak at 420 nm depends significantly upon the counterions with the order of HCl > HNO3 > HBr > HI. These anions interact with the protonated TPEPy COF by cation-anion and H-bonding interactions. Further, the pristine COF showed near white light emission at a particular pH of 2.5 (CIE coordinates 0.27, 0.32). From the PL spectrophotometric titrations, the deprotonation pKa was experimentally found to be 1.8 ± 0.02 for the TPEPy COF. The sensor reported herein is reversible, reusable, and regenerable and is useful for assessing pH fluctuations within a strongly acidic range via digital signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidhan Chandra Patra
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Subhasis Datta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati 517619, India
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8
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Sun J, Wang X, Wang Q, Peng L, Liu Y, Wei D. Ultra-fast supercritically solvothermal polymerization for large single-crystalline covalent organic frameworks. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:340-373. [PMID: 38001366 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline polymer materials, e.g., hyper-crosslinked polystyrene, conjugate microporous polymers and covalent organic frameworks, are used as catalyst carriers, organic electronic devices and molecular sieves. Their properties and applications are highly dependent on their crystallinity. An efficient polymerization strategy for the rapid preparation of highly or single-crystalline materials is beneficial not only to structure-property studies but also to practical applications. However, polymerization usually leads to the formation of amorphous or poorly crystalline products with small grain sizes. It has been a challenging task to efficiently and precisely assemble organic molecules into a single crystal through polymerization. To address this issue, we developed a supercritically solvothermal method that uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as the reaction medium for polymerization. Sc-CO2 accelerates crystal growth due to its high diffusivity and low viscosity compared with traditional organic solvents. Six covalent organic frameworks with different topologies, linkages and crystal structures are synthesized by this method. The as-synthesized products feature polarized photoluminescence and second-harmonic generation, indicating their high-quality single-crystal nature. This method holds advantages such as rapid growth rate, high productivity, easy accessibility, industrial compatibility and environmental friendliness. In this protocol, we provide a step-by-step procedure including preparation of monomer dispersion, polymerization in sc-CO2, purification and characterization of the single crystals. By following this protocol, it takes 1-5 min to grow sub-mm-sized single crystals by polymerization. The procedure takes ~4 h from preparation of monomer dispersion and polymerization in sc-CO2 to purification and drying of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiankun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Xue R, Liu YS, Guo H, Yang W, Yang GY. Chemical conversion of imine- into quinoline-linked covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic oxidation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:709-716. [PMID: 37976744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Post-synthetic modification is an important strategy for improving and enhancing the properties and functions of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Two imine-linked COFs are converted into the quinolone-linked COFs by converting the dynamic imine linkages in the COFs into more robust quinolone ring via aza-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. The prepared quinolone-linked COFs not only maintain good crystallinity and porosity, but also possess expanded conjugate planes, enhanced light absorption and excellent stability. The quinolone-linked COFs present remarkable performance of photocatalytic oxidation reactions, including oxidation of phenylboric acids, coupling of benzylamine, and oxidation of thioethers. This work is helpful for preparing organic porous photocatalytic materials with high performance and long life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Yin-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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10
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Das R, Belgamwar R, Manna SS, Pathak B, Polshettiwar V, Nagaraja CM. Design of porphyrin-based frameworks for efficient visible light-promoted reduction of CO 2 from dilute gas: Combined experimental and theoretical investigation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:480-489. [PMID: 37604059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R) coupled with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) constitutes a promising step for a sustainable generation of syngas (CO + H2), an essential feedstock for the preparation of several commodity chemicals. Herein, visible light/sunlight-promoted catalytic reduction of CO2 and protons to syngas using rationally designed porphyrin-based 2D porous organic frameworks, POF(Co/Zn) is demonstrated. Indeed, POF(Co) showed superior catalytic performance over the Zn counterpart with CO and H2 generation rates of 1104 and 3981 μmol g-1h-1, respectively. The excellent catalytic performance of Co-based POF is aided by the favorable transfer of photo-excited electrons from Ru-sensitizer to the CoII catalytic site, which is not feasible in the case of POF(Zn), revealed from the theoretical investigation. More importantly, the POF(Co) catalyzes the reduction of CO2 even from dilute gas (13% CO2), surpassing most reported framework-based photocatalytic systems. Significantly, the catalytic performance of POF(Co) was increased under natural sunlight conditions suggesting sunlight-promoted enhancement in syngas generation. The in-depth theoretical investigation further unveiled the comprehensive mechanistic pathway of the light-promoted concurrent CO and H2 generation. This work showcases the advantages of porphyrin-based frameworks for visible light/sunlight-promoted syngas generation by utilizing greenhouse gas (CO2) and protons under mild eco-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Belgamwar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Surya Sekhar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - C M Nagaraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
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11
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Yuan Y, Bang KT, Wang R, Kim Y. Macrocycle-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210952. [PMID: 36608278 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles with well-defined cavities and the ability to undergo supramolecular interactions are classical materials that have played an essential role in materials science. However, one of the most substantial barriers limiting the utilization of macrocycles is their aggregation, which blocks the active regions. Among many attempted strategies to prevent such aggregation, installing macrocycles into covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are porous and stable reticular networks, has emerged as an ideal solution. The resulting macrocycle-based COFs (M-COFs) preserve the macrocycles' unique activities, enabling applications in various fields such as single-atom catalysis, adsorption/separation, optoelectronics, phototherapy, and structural design of forming single-layered or mechanically interlocked COFs. The resulting properties are unmatchable by any combination of macrocycles with other substrates, opening a new chapter in advanced materials. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, properties, and applications of M-COFs, and presents an in-depth outlook on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ki-Taek Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Ding J, Guan X, Lv J, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhang D, Qiu S, Jiang HL, Fang Q. Three-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with Ultra-Large Pores for Highly Efficient Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3248-3254. [PMID: 36718987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from their unique structural merits, three-dimensional (3D) large-pore COF materials demonstrate high surface areas and interconnected large channels, which makes these materials promising in practical applications. Unfortunately, functionalization strategies and application research are still absent in these structures. To this end, a series of functional 3D stp-topologized COFs are designed based on porphyrin or metalloporphyrin moieties, named JUC-640-M (M = Co, Ni, or H). Interestingly, JUC-640-H exhibits a record-breaking low crystal density (0.106 cm3 g-1) among all crystalline materials, along with the largest interconnected pore size (4.6 nm) in 3D COFs, high surface area (2204 m2 g-1), and abundant exposed porphyrin moieties (0.845 mmol g-1). Inspired by the unique structural characteristics and photoelectrical performance, JUC-640-Co is utilized for the photoreduction of CO2 to CO and demonstrates a high CO production rate (15.1 mmol g-1 h-1), selectivity (94.4%), and stability. It should be noted that the CO production rate of JUC-640-Co has exceeded those of all reported COF-based materials. This work not only produces a series of novel 3D COFs with large channels but also provides a new guidance for the functionalization and applications of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jia Lv
- Multi-Scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Daliang Zhang
- Multi-Scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Shilun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qianrong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Liu T, Deng C, Meng D, Zhang Y, Duan R, Ji H, Sheng H, Li J, Chen C, Zhao J, Song W. Aligning Metal Coordination Sites in Metal-Organic Framework-Enabled Metallaphotoredox Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5139-5147. [PMID: 36688925 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Construction of catalytic metal centers, the key modules in artificial photosynthetic systems, lies at the heart to explore unpaved reactivity patterns powered by light. Here, we disclose that the amino (-NH2) and carboxylic (-COO) functionalities, aligned in various visible-light-harvesting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (NH2-UiO-66, (NH2)2-UiO-67, and NH2-MIL-125), provide N/O-ligated Ni featuring different configurations and valence states. Of note, these Ni centers, in situ formed or preimplanted, demonstrated coordination units' spatial arrangement-dependent activity in cross-coupling of aryl halides and various nucleophiles. Our work provides a novel approach to construct and to regulate metal center(s) by MOFs' skeleton defined coordination environments, highlighting exclusive potential in exploring the reactivity pattern of the hosted metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoyuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hua Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Zhang XY, Wang P, Zhang Y, Cheng XM, Sun WY. Facet-Dependent Photocatalytic Behavior of Fe-soc-MOF for Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3348-3356. [PMID: 36600591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposing different facets on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is an efficient approach to regulate their photocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction. Herein, Fe-soc-MOFs exposed with different facets were successfully synthesized, and the morphologies of Fe-soc-MOF exposed with eight {111} facets (Fe-soc-O) and that exposed with eight {111} and six {100} crystal facets (Fe-soc-M) are first reported. Fe-soc-MOFs have facet-dependent active sites on their surface and correspondingly different catalytic performance for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Fe-soc-O has the highest CO production of 1804 μmol g-1 h-1, while the Fe-soc-MOF exposed with six {100} facets (Fe-soc-C) has the best CO selectivity of 94.7%. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the (111) facet has more favorable thermodynamic potential for CO2 reduction and H2 evolution compared with the (100) one, deriving from its facet-dependent active sites. This work shows that utilizing the facet-engineering strategy to regulate the active sites exposed on the surface of MOFs is feasible. The results display the relation between the facet of MOFs and the photocatalytic behavior for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Cheng
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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