Inflammation-Regulated Nanodrug Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy by Reprogramming the Tumor Microenvironment

Interface-Engineered 2D Heterojunction with Photoelectric Dual Gain: Mxene@MOF-Enhanced SPR Spectroscopy for Direct Sensing of Exosomes

MXene is widely used in the construction of optoelectronic interfaces due to its excellent properties. However, the hydrophilicity and metastable surface of MXene lead to its oxidation behavior, resulting in the degradation of its various properties, which seriously limits its practical application. In this work, a 2D metal-organic framework (2D MOF) with matching 2D morphology, excellent stability performance, and outstanding optoelectronic performance is grown in situ on the MXene surface through heterojunction engineering to suppress the direct contact between reactive molecules and the inner layer material without affecting the original advantages of MXene. The photoelectric dual gain MXene@MOF heterojunction is confirmed. As a photoelectric material, its properties are highly suitable for the demand of interface sensitization layer materials of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Therefore, using SPR as a platform for the application of this interface material, the performance of MXene@MOF and its potential mechanism to enhance SPR are analyzed in depth using experiments combined with simulation calculations (FDTD/DFT). Finally, the MXene@MOF/peptides-SPR sensor is constructed for rapid and sensitive detection of the cancer marker exosomes to explore its potential in practical applications. This work offers a forward-looking strategy for the design of interface materials with excellent photoelectric performance.

Exploiting the immune system in hepatic tumor targeting: Unleashing the potential of drugs, natural products, and nanoparticles

Hepatic tumors present a formidable challenge in cancer therapeutics, necessitating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. In recent years, targeting the immune system has attracted interest to augment existing therapeutic efficacy. The immune system in hepatic tumors includes numerous cells with diverse actions. CD8+ T lymphocytes, T helper 1 (Th1) CD4+ T lymphocytes, alternative M1 macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells provide the antitumor immunity. However, Foxp3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs), M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the key immune inhibitor cells. Tumor stroma can also affect these interactions. Targeting these cells and their secreted molecules is intriguing for eliminating malignant cells. The current review provides a synopsis of the immune system components involved in hepatic tumor expansion and highlights the molecular and cellular pathways that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. It also overviews the diverse range of drugs, natural products, immunotherapy drugs, and nanoparticles that have been investigated to manipulate immune responses and bolster antitumor immunity. The review also addresses the potential advantages and challenges associated with these approaches.

RNF20 Reduces Cell Proliferation and Warburg Effect by Promoting NLRP3 Ubiquitination in Liver Cancer

The present study explored that the effects and its possible mechanisms of ring finger protein 20 (RNF20) in Postoperative survival rate of liver cancer in clinical. All the serum samples were collected from our hospital. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray analysis, and RNA pull down assay were used in this study. We found that the serum RNF20 mRNA expression level in patients with liver cancer were down-regulated. Postoperative survival rate of RNF20 high expression was higher than that of RNF20 low expression. Then, over-expression of RNF20 diminished liver cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. RNF20 reduced Warburg effect of liver cancer. RNF20 expression regulated NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression and increased NLRP3 Ubiquitination. NLRP3 participated in the effects of RNF20 on cell proliferation, and not affected on Warburg effect of liver cancer. Our study demonstrated that the serum RNF20 expression level was down-regulated in liver cancer, and promoted postoperative survival rate. RNF20 can reduce cancer progression of liver cancer by NLRP3 signal pathway, suggesting that it may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for postoperative survival rate of liver cancer.