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Das S, Chowdhury A, Ali SW. Wearable, Machine Washable, Breathable Polyethylenimine/Sodium Alginate Layer-by-Layer-Coated Cotton-Based Multifunctional Triboelectric Nanogenerators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:31098-31113. [PMID: 38845418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cotton-based textiles are ubiquitous in daily life and are prime candidates for application in wearable triboelectric nanogenerators. However, pristine cotton is vulnerable to bacterial attack, lacks antioxidant and ultraviolet (UV)-protective abilities, and shows lower triboelectric charge generation against tribonegative materials because it is present in the neutral region of the triboelectric series. To overcome such drawbacks, herein, a facile layer-by-layer method is proposed, involving the deposition of alternate layers of polyethylenimine (PEI) and sodium alginate (SA) on cotton. Such modified fabric remains breathable and flexible, retains its comfort properties, and simultaneously shows multifunctionalities and improved triboelectric output, which are retained even after 50 home laundering cycles. Also, the modified fabric becomes more tribopositive than nylon, silk, and wool. A triboelectric nanogenerator consisting of modified cotton and polyester fabric is proposed that shows a maximum power density of 338 mW/m2. An open-circuit voltage of ∼97.3 V and a short-circuit current of ∼4.59 μA are obtained under 20 N force and 1 Hz tapping frequency. Further, the modified cotton exhibits excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV-protective properties because of the incorporation of PEI, and its moisture management properties are retained due to the presence of sodium alginate in the layer. This study provides a simple yet effective approach to obtaining durable multifunctionalities and improved triboelectric performance in cotton substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Das
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anupam Chowdhury
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Syed Wazed Ali
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Piwbang S, Kaeochana W, Luechar P, Bunriw W, Chimsida P, Yamklang W, Sintusiri J, Harnchana V. Using Natural Dye Additives to Enhance the Energy Conversion Performance of a Cellulose Paper-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:476. [PMID: 38399854 PMCID: PMC10892896 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Green and sustainable power sources for next-generation electronics are being developed. A cellulose paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) was fabricated to harness mechanical energy and convert it into electricity. This work proposes a novel approach to modify cellulose paper with natural dyes, including chlorophyll from spinach, anthocyanin from red cabbage, and curcumin from turmeric, to enhance the power output of a TENG. All the natural dyes are found to effectively improve the energy conversion performance of a cellulose paper-based TENG due to their photogenerated charges. The highest power density of 3.3 W/m2 is achieved from the cellulose paper-based TENG modified with chlorophyll, which is higher than those modified with anthocyanin and curcumin, respectively. The superior performance is attributed not only to the photosensitizer properties but also the molecular structure of the dye that promotes the electron-donating properties of cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supisara Piwbang
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Walailak Kaeochana
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Pawonpart Luechar
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Weeraya Bunriw
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Praphadsorn Chimsida
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Wimonsiri Yamklang
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Jirapan Sintusiri
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
| | - Viyada Harnchana
- Department of Physics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.P.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (W.B.); (P.C.); (W.Y.); (J.S.)
- Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Mekbuntoon P, Kongpet S, Kaeochana W, Luechar P, Thongbai P, Chingsungnoen A, Chinnarat K, Kaewnisai S, Harnchana V. The Modification of Activated Carbon for the Performance Enhancement of a Natural-Rubber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4562. [PMID: 38231981 PMCID: PMC10708179 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy demands and growing environmental concerns regarding the consumption of fossil fuels are important motivations for the development of clean and sustainable energy sources. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy technology that harnesses mechanical energy from the ambient environment by converting it into electrical energy. In this work, the enhancement of the energy conversion performance of a natural rubber (NR)-based TENG has been proposed by using modified activated carbon (AC). The effect of surface modification techniques, including acid treatments and plasma treatment for AC material on TENG performance, are investigated. The TENG fabricated from the NR incorporated with the modified AC using N2 plasma showed superior electrical output performance, which was attributed to the modification by N2 plasma introducing changes in the surface chemistry of AC, leading to the improved dielectric property of the NR-AC composite, which contributes to the enhanced triboelectric charge density. The highest power density of 2.65 mW/m2 was obtained from the NR-AC (N2 plasma-treated) TENG. This research provides a key insight into the modification of AC for the development of TENG with high energy conversion performance that could be useful for other future applications such as PM2.5 removal or CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsakorn Mekbuntoon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (S.K.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Sirima Kongpet
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (S.K.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Walailak Kaeochana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (S.K.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Pawonpart Luechar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (S.K.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (P.T.)
| | - Prasit Thongbai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (S.K.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (P.T.)
- Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Artit Chingsungnoen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; (A.C.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Kodchaporn Chinnarat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; (A.C.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Suninad Kaewnisai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand; (A.C.); (K.C.); (S.K.)
| | - Viyada Harnchana
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (P.M.); (S.K.); (W.K.); (P.L.); (P.T.)
- Institute of Nanomaterials Research and Innovation for Energy (IN-RIE), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Cruz-Morales JA, Gutiérrez-Flores C, Zárate-Saldaña D, Burelo M, García-Ortega H, Gutiérrez S. Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubber as a Mimic of Natural Rubber: Recent Advances on Synthesis, Nanocomposites, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4074. [PMID: 37896318 PMCID: PMC10610710 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, rubber materials have been used in a wide range of applications, from automotive parts to special-design engineering pieces, as well as in the pharmaceutical, food, electronics, and military industries, among others. Since the discovery of the vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) in 1838, the continuous demand for this material has intensified the quest for a synthetic substitute with similar properties. In this regard, synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR) emerged as an attractive alternative. However, despite the efforts made, some properties of natural rubber have been difficult to match (i.e., superior mechanical properties) due not only to its high content of cis-1,4-polyisoprene but also because its structure is considered a naturally occurring nanocomposite. In this sense, cutting-edge research has proposed the synthesis of nanocomposites with synthetic rubber, obtaining the same properties as natural rubber. This review focuses on the synthesis, structure, and properties of natural and synthetic rubber, with a special interest in the synthesis of IR nanocomposites, giving the reader a comprehensive reference on how to achieve a mimic of NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Cruz-Morales
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Carina Gutiérrez-Flores
- Investigadora por México, CONAHCYT, Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE) y Escuela de Desarrollo Sustentable de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero (UAGro), Carretera Acapulco-Zihuatanejo Km 106 +900. Col. Las Tunas, Tecpan de Galeana 40900, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Zárate-Saldaña
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Educación Media Superior de la Ciudad de México, Plantel Melchor Ocampo, Calle Rosario S/N Col. Santa Catarina, Azcapotzalco, Cuidad de México 02250, Mexico;
| | - Manuel Burelo
- Institute of Advance Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Héctor García-Ortega
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Selena Gutiérrez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-360, Cuidad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Huang YJ, Chung CK. Design and Fabrication of Polymer Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Insole Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4035. [PMID: 37896279 PMCID: PMC10609966 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are a kind of mechanical energy harvester with a larger force sensing range and good energy conversion, which is often applied to human kinetic energy collection and motion sensing devices. Polymer materials are the most commonly used materials in TENGs' triboelectric layers due to their high plasticity and good performance. Regarding the application of TENGs in insoles, research has often used brittle Teflon for high output performance together with hard materials, such as springs, for the mechanism to maintain its stability. However, these combined materials increase the weight and hardness of the insoles. Here, we propose a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based TENG with a micro-needle polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer, referred to as MN-PDMS-TENG, to enhance performance and maintain comfort flexibility, and structural stability. Compared with a flat PDMS, the TENG with a microstructure enhances the output open-circuit voltage (Voc) from 54.6 V to 129.2 V, short-circuit current (Isc) from 26.16 μA to 64.00 μA, power from 684 µW to 4.1 mW, and ability to light up from 70 to 120 LEDs. A special three-layer TENG insole mechanism fabricated with the MN-PDMS-TENG and elastic materials gives the TENG insole high stability and the ability to maintain sufficient flexibility to fit in a shoe. The three-layer TENG insole transforms human stepping force into electric energy of 87.2 V, which is used as a self-powered force sensor. Moreover, with the calibration curve between voltage and force, it has a sensitivity of 0.07734 V/N with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.91 and the function between force and output voltage is derived as F = 12.93 V - 92.10 under human stepping force (300~550 N). Combined with a micro-control unit (MCU), the three-layer TENG insole distinguishes the user's motion force at different parts of the foot and triggers a corresponding device, which can potentially be applied in sports and on rehabilitation fields to record information or prevent injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Kuei Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Ag-Cellulose Hybrid Filler for Boosting the Power Output of a Triboelectric Nanogenerator. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051295. [PMID: 36904535 PMCID: PMC10006984 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a newly developed energy harvesting technology that can convert mechanical energy into electricity. The TENG has received extensive attention due to its potential applications in diverse fields. In this work, a natural based triboelectric material has been developed from a natural rubber (NR) filled with cellulose fiber (CF) and Ag nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles are incorporated into cellulose fiber (CF@Ag) and are used as a hybrid filler material for the NR composite to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of TENG. The presence of Ag nanoparticles in the NR-CF@Ag composite is found to improve the electrical power output of the TENG by promoting the electron donating ability of the cellulose filler, resulting in the higher positive tribo-polarity of NR. The NR-CF@Ag TENG shows significant improvement in the output power up to five folds compared to the pristine NR TENG. The findings of this work show a great potential for the development of a biodegradable and sustainable power source by converting mechanical energy into electricity.
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