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Suzuki D, Terasaki N. Aerosol Doping System for Microscale Seamless p-n Patterning of Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27596-27604. [PMID: 38760008 PMCID: PMC11145590 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) films are extensively researched as a promising material for wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) owing to their good flexibility and high thermoelectric conversion ability. Miniaturizing a pair of p- and n-type thermocouples and increasing the number of repeating elements can effectively increase the power of TEGs. However, conventional p-n patterning methods, such as dipping and printing, have a coarse resolution at the submillimeter level, thereby limiting the miniaturization rate. This study developed an aerosol doping system as a fine n-doping method. A dopant aerosol with a <3 μm diameter was formed through ultrasonic nebulization and air separation, while n-doping was achieved by exposing the CNT film to the dopant aerosol. Microscale p-n patterning of 1 μm was achieved through exposure using small-sized aerosols at an exceptionally slow rate of 3 Å/min. This resolution is 100 times higher than those of conventional p-n patterning methods. The developed aerosol doping system for CNTs can also be used on organic semiconductor materials, such as PEDOT/PSS and perovskite materials. Therefore, it has the potential to significantly impact the realization of Internet of Things (IoT) terminals, such as flexible TEGs, transistors, and solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Suzuki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Saga 841-0052, Japan
| | - Nao Terasaki
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science
and Technology (AIST), Saga 841-0052, Japan
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Lin PS, Lin JM, Tung SH, Higashihara T, Liu CL. Synergistic Interactions in Sequential Process Doping of Polymer/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Enhanced n-Type Thermoelectric Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306166. [PMID: 37847895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the fabrication of nanocomposite thermoelectric devices by blending either a naphthalene-diimide (NDI)-based conjugated polymer (NDI-T1 or NDI-T2), or an isoindigo (IID)-based conjugated polymer (IID-T2), with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). This is followed by sequential process doping method with the small molecule 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenamine (N-DMBI) to provide the nanocomposite with n-type thermoelectric properties. Experiments in which the concentrations of the N-DMBI dopant are varied demonstrate the successful conversion of all three polymer/SWCNT nanocomposites from p-type to n-type behavior. Comprehensive spectroscopic, microstructural, and morphological analyses of the pristine polymers and the various N-DMBI-doped polymer/SWCNT nanocomposites are performed in order to gain insights into the effects of various interactions between the polymers and SWCNTs on the doping outcomes. Among the obtained nanocomposites, the NDI-T1/SWCNT exhibits the highest n-type Seebeck coefficient and power factor of -57.7 µV K-1 and 240.6 µW m-1 K-2 , respectively. However, because the undoped NDI-T2/SWCNT exhibits a slightly higher p-type performance, an integral p-n thermoelectric generator is fabricated using the doped and undoped NDI-T2/SWCNT nanocomposite. This device is shown to provide an output power of 27.2 nW at a temperature difference of 20 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Shen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Min Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Zhang L, Shang H, Zou Q, Feng C, Gu H, Ding F. n-Type PVP/SWCNT Composite Films with Improved Stability for Thermoelectric Power Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6025-6032. [PMID: 38282582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one of the promising thermoelectric materials in applications of powering wearable electronics. However, the electrical performance of n-type SWCNTs quickly decreases in air, showing a low stability, and low-cost and effective solutions to improving its stability are also lacking, all of which limit practical applications. In this study, we studied the stability of PVP/SWCNT composite films, where oxygen and moisture from air should be responsible for the decreased stability due to oxidation and hydration. In this case, we found that coating with a 0.20 g mL-1 PVP/0.002 g mL-1 PVDF layer on the surface of PVP/SWCNTs can prevent the penetration of oxygen and moisture from air, improving film stability, where there is almost no reduction in thermoelectric performance after they are exposed to air for 60 days. Based on the stable n-type PVP/SWCNT films, a thermoelectric generator was fabricated, where poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was used to coat the surface of the thermoelectric leg to further improve its stability. This generator showed high output performance, which achieved an open-circuit voltage of 10.6 mV and a power density of 312.2 μW cm-2 at a temperature difference of 50 K. Particularly, it exhibited high stability, where the output performance kept almost unchanged after exposure to high-humidity air for 30 days. This coating technology is also applicable to other air-sensitive materials and promotes the development and application of thermoelectric materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongjing Shang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fazhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity and Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Advanced Electromagnetic Drive Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250100, China
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Li Z, Jiang D, Gong J, Li Y, Fu P, Zhang Y, Du F. N-type silver ammonia-polyethyleneimine/single-walled carbon nanotube composite films with enhanced thermoelectric properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29192-29200. [PMID: 37870868 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes and their composite thermoelectric (TE) materials have significant advantages in supplying power to flexible electronics due to their high electrical conductivity, excellent flexibility, and facile preparation technology. In this work, stable n-type silver ammonia-polyethyleneimine/single-walled carbon nanotube ([Ag(NH3)2]+-PEI/SWCNT) composite films were facilely prepared by solution blending and vacuum-filtration methods. The results demonstrate that light silver ammonia doping optimizes the carrier concentration and carrier mobility of the composite film, and a maximum power factor (PF) of [Ag(NH3)2]+-PEI/SWCNT of 91.9 μW m-1 K-2 was obtained, which is higher than that of PEI/SWCNT (70.0 μW m-1 K-2). Furthermore, when the composite films were reduced by the NaBH4 solution, the Seebeck coefficient and the PF value were further increased to -45.5 μV K-1 and 115.8 μW m-1 K-2, respectively. For demonstration, a maximum output voltage of 13.8 mV and output power of 492 nW were achieved using a three p-n junction-based TE device constructed by [Ag(NH3)2]+-PEI/SWCNT at a temperature difference of 50 K. Thus, this study provides a metal complex ion doping strategy to improve thermoelectrical properties and air stability of the PEI/SWCNT composite films, which have potential applications in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Duo Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Jiayan Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Ping Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Feipeng Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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