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Gong X, Hu T, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Tan Y, Zou Y, Wang J, Dai J, Chu Z. Trunk-Inspired SWCNT-Based Wrinkled Films for Highly-Stretchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Wearable Thermotherapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:243. [PMID: 38990359 PMCID: PMC11239633 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01454-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing electromagnetic waves generated by wearable devices are becoming an emerging issue for human health, so stretchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are highly demanded. Elephant trunks are capable of grabbing fragile vegetation and tearing trees thanks not only to their muscles but also to their folded skins. Inspired by the wrinkled skin of the elephant trunks, herein, we propose a winkled conductive film based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for multifunctional EMI applications. The conductive film has a sandwich structure, which was prepared by coating SWCNTs on both sides of the stretched elastic latex cylindrical substrate. The shrinking-induced winkled conductive network could withstand up to 200% tensile strain. Typically, when the stretching direction is parallel to the polarization direction of the electric field, the total EMI shielding effectiveness could surprisingly increase from 38.4 to 52.7 dB at 200% tensile strain. It is mainly contributed by the increased connection of the SWCNTs. In addition, the film also has good Joule heating performance at several voltages, capable of releasing pains in injured joints. This unique property makes it possible for strain-adjustable multifunctional EMI shielding and wearable thermotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Gong
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Hu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - You Zhang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zeng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinlong Tan
- Beijing Interdisciplinary Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhong Zou
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zengyong Chu
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
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Li C, Li D, Zhang M, You B, Wu Z, Tao Y, Sun Y, Wu L, Mo X. Succulent-Inspired Implicit Structural Change for Smart "ON/OFF" Switchable and Flexible EMI Shielding Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38437829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Modern miniaturized intelligent electronics call for smart switchable and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material for highly precise applications. However, most switchable EMI shielding materials are based on an explicit structural change. Herein, we report a succulent-inspired smart switchable MXene (WR-MXene) coating film realized by inner implicit structural change, which benefits from the insertion of our reversible large-cavity yolk-shell biomicrospheres. The novel switchable yolk-shell biomicrospheres contain a soft N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) hydrogel core, an "ON/OFF" switchable cavity (over 30% volume fraction), and a porous polydopamine (p-PDA) shell. The yolk-shell biomicrospheres can be obtained by a facile two-step polymerization and a simple drying-dehydration treatment. Because of the "ON/OFF" switchable void space brought by the smart biomicrospheres and conductive framework of MXene, an optimized ultralight and flexible WR-MXene coating film (vWR-coating film) showed both large switchable change (over 60 dB) and extraordinary EMI shielding effectiveness, reaching 95 and over 50 dB in the whole X band (8.2-12.4 GHz). These novel reversible yolk-shell biomicrospheres and the succulent-inspired switchable coating films are promising for smart flexible wearable devices and many advanced multifunctional systems needing dynamic real-time response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglei Li
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingting Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo You
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonglin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Tao
- Department of Light Sources and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojie Sun
- Department of Light Sources and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science, Advanced Coatings Research Center of Ministry of Education of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Mo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Department of Materials Science, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Hou S, Chen C, Bai L, Yu J, Cheng Y, Huang W. Stretchable Electronics with Strain-Resistive Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306749. [PMID: 38078789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have attracted tremendous attention amongst academic and industrial communities due to their prospective applications in personal healthcare, human-activity monitoring, artificial skins, wearable displays, human-machine interfaces, etc. Other than mechanical robustness, stable performances under complex strains in these devices that are not for strain sensing are equally important for practical applications. Here, a comprehensive summarization of recent advances in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performance is presented. First, detailed overviews of intrinsically strain-resistive stretchable materials, including conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, are given. Then, systematic representations of advanced structures, including helical, serpentine, meshy, wrinkled, and kirigami-based structures, for strain-resistive performance are summarized. Next, stretchable arrays and circuits with strain-resistive performance, that integrate multiple functionalities and enable complex behaviors, are introduced. This review presents a detailed overview of recent progress in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performances and provides a guideline for the future development of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Libing Bai
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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Li P, Wang H, Ju Z, Jin Z, Ma J, Yang L, Zhao X, Xu H, Liu Y. Ti 3C 2T x MXene- and Sulfuric Acid-Treated Double-Network Hydrogel with Ultralow Conductive Filler Content for Stretchable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2906-2916. [PMID: 38252027 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are emerging as stretchable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials because of their tissue-like mechanical properties and water-rich porous cellular structures. However, achieving high-performance hydrogel shields remains a challenge because enhancing conductivity often results in a compromise in deformation adoptability. This work proposes a treatment strategy involving sulfuric acid/titanium carbide MXene, which can simultaneously enhance the conductivity and stretchability of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) double-network hydrogels. Multiple spectroscopic characterizations reveal that sulfuric acid promotes the linear conformation transition of the PEDOT molecular chain, while MXene increases charge delocalization and hydrogen bond cross-linking sites. The hydrogels, synthesized with a combined content of 0.6 wt % of MXene and PEDOT:PSS, exhibit an average X-band EMI SE of 41 dB. This performance is sustained at 94.5%, even following stretching and release at a strain of 200%. Interestingly, the EMI SE is found to linearly increase, reaching a value of 99 dB as the frequency is increased to 26.5 GHz. This increase is attributed to the enhanced water molecular polarization process, as supported by theoretical calculations of the impedance and attenuation constant. This work introduces a post-treatment technique that optimizes double-network hydrogels, providing deep insights into their EMI shielding mechanism and enabling high-performance EMI shielding with an ultralow conductive filler content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Henan Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongshi Ju
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Zhongzheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Jiangang Ma
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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Li J, Li J, Li T, Xu Z, Chen Y, Zhang L, Qi Q, Liang B, Meng F. Flexible and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding film with porous alternating PVA-derived carbon and graphene layers. iScience 2023; 26:107975. [PMID: 37841593 PMCID: PMC10568092 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the design of graphene-based films with elaborately controlled microstructures and optimized electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) properties can effectively improve EM energy attenuation and conversion. Herein, inspired by the structure of multi-layer steamed bread, an alternating multilayered structure with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-derived carbon layers and graphene/electrospun carbon nanofibers layers was designed through alternating vacuum-assisted filtration method. The composite film exhibited favorable impedance matching, abundant loss mechanism, and excellent EMI shielding ability, resulting in absorption dominated shielding characteristic. Thus, the resultant 7-layer alternating composite films with a thickness of 160 μm achieved an EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of up to 80 dB in the X-band. Specially, finite element analysis was applied to demonstrate the importance of seven-layer film alternations and detailed analysis of electromagnetic shielding mechanisms. Taken together, this effort opens a creative avenue for designing and constructing flexible composite films with excellent EMI shielding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Zhengkang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Likui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Qing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
| | - Benliang Liang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Fanbin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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