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Liu S, He M, Qin Q, Liu W, Liao L, Qin S. Expanded Properties and Applications of Porous Flame-Retardant Polymers Containing Graphene and Its Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2053. [PMID: 39065369 PMCID: PMC11280740 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the integration and miniaturization of modern equipment and devices, porous polymers, containing graphene and its derivatives, with flame-retardancy have become a research hotspot. In this paper, the expanded properties and high-end applications of flame-retardant porous materials containing graphene and its derivatives were discussed. The research progress regarding graphene-based porous materials with multiple energy conversion, thermal insulation, an electromagnetic shielding property, and a high adsorption capacity were elucidated in detail. The potential applications of materials with the above-mentioned properties in firefighter clothing, fire alarm sensors, flexible electronic skin, solar energy storage, energy-saving buildings, stealth materials, and separation were summarized. The construction strategies, preparation methods, comprehensive properties, and functionalization mechanisms of these materials were analyzed. The main challenges and prospects of flame-retardant porous materials containing graphene and its derivatives with expanded properties were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- College of Materials and Energy Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Min He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qingdong Qin
- College of Materials and Energy Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Materials and Energy Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Longfeng Liao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yuan X, Li L, Yan Y, Wang J, Zhai H, Wan G, Liu D, Liu R, Wang G. Multi-interfaced Ni/C@RGO/PTFE composites for electromagnetic protection applications with high environmental stability and durability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:371-380. [PMID: 38479273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
To efficiently address the growing electromagnetic pollution problem, it is urgently required to research high-performance electromagnetic materials that can effectively absorb or shield electromagnetic waves. In addition, the stability and durability of electromagnetic materials in complex practical environments is also an issue that needs to be noticed. Therefore, the starting point for our problem-solving is how to endow magnetic/dielectric multi-interfaced composite materials with excellent electromagnetic protection capability and environmental stability. In this study, magnetic/dielectric multi-interfaced Ni/carbon@reduced graphene oxide/polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni/C@RGO/PTFE) composites were developed to utilize as excellent EWA (electromagnetic wave absorption) and EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding materials. Due to their diverse heterogeneous interfaces, rich conductive networks, and multiple loss mechanisms, the Ni/C@RGO/PTFE composite exhibits an optimal reflection loss of -61.48 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.20 GHz, with a filler loading of 5 wt%. Furthermore, Ni/C@RGO/PTFE composite films have an optimal absorption effectiveness value of 9.50 dB and an absorption coefficient of 0.49. Moreover, Ni/C@RGO/PTFE can hold high EWA performance in various corrosive media and maintain more than 90% of EMI shielding effectiveness, which can be attributed to the carbon coating and PTFE matrix acting as dual protective barriers for the susceptible metal Ni, thus obviously improving the stability and durability of composites. Overall, this work presents an effective strategy for the growth of high-performance EWA and EMI shielding materials with outstanding environmental stability and durability, which have wide application prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yuan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Liang Li
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yongzhu Yan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Jieping Wang
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhai
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Gengping Wan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Disheng Liu
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China; Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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3
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Li L, Yan Y, Liang J, Zhao J, Lyu C, Zhai H, Wu X, Wang G. Wearable EMI Shielding Composite Films with Integrated Optimization of Electrical Safety, Biosafety and Thermal Safety. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400887. [PMID: 38639384 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite films are desirable in many applications of wearable electronic devices. However, much research focuses on improving the EMI shielding performance of materials, while optimizing the comprehensive safety of wearable EMI shielding materials has been neglected. Herein, wearable cellulose nanofiber@boron nitride nanosheet/silver nanowire/bacterial cellulose (CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC) EMI shielding composite films with sandwich structure are fabricated via a simple sequential vacuum filtration method. For the first time, the electrical safety, biosafety, and thermal safety of EMI shielding materials are optimized integratedly. Since both sides of the sandwich structure contain CNF and BC electrical insulation layers, the CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC composite films exhibit excellent electrical safety. Furthermore, benefiting from the AgNW conductive networks in the middle layer, the CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC exhibit excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 49.95 dB and ultra-fast response Joule heating performance. More importantly, the antibacterial property of AgNW ensures the biosafety of the composite films. Meanwhile, the AgNW and the CNF@BNNS layers synergistically enhance the thermal conductivity of the CNF@BNNS/AgNW/BC composite film, reaching a high value of 8.85 W m‒1 K‒1, which significantly enhances its thermal safety when used in miniaturized electronic device. This work offers new ideas for fabricating biomaterial-based EMI shielding composite films with high comprehensive safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yongzhu Yan
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jufu Liang
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jinchuan Zhao
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Chaoyi Lyu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhai
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xilong Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Guizhen Wang
- Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Center for New Pharmaceutical Development and Testing of Haikou, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
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Jiang X, Cai G, Song J, Zhang Y, Yu B, Zhai S, Chen K, Zhang H, Yu Y, Qi D. Large-Scale Fabrication of Tunable Sandwich-Structured Silver Nanowires and Aramid Nanofiber Films for Exceptional Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:61. [PMID: 38201726 PMCID: PMC10780475 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent advancements in communication technology have facilitated the widespread deployment of electronic communication equipment globally, resulting in the pervasive presence of electromagnetic pollution. Consequently, there is an urgent necessity to develop a thin, lightweight, efficient, and durable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding material capable of withstanding severe environmental conditions. In this paper, we propose an innovative and scalable method for preparing EMI shielding films with a tunable sandwich structure. The film possesses a nylon mesh (NM) backbone, with AgNWs serving as the shielding coating and aramid nanofibers (ANFs) acting as the cladding layer. The prepared film was thin and flexible, with a thickness of only 0.13 mm. AgNWs can easily form a conductive network structure, and when the minimum addition amount was 0.2 mg/cm2, the EMI SE value reached 28.7 dB, effectively shielding 99.884% of electromagnetic waves and thereby meeting the commercial shielding requirement of 20 dB. With an increase in dosage up to 1.0 mg/cm2, the EMI SE value further improved to reach 50.6 dB. The NAAANF film demonstrated remarkable robustness in the face of complex usage environments as a result of the outstanding thermal, acid, and alkali resistance properties of aramid fibers. Such a thin, efficient, and environmentally resistant EMI shielding film provided new ideas for the broad EMI shielding market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Guoqiang Cai
- Nice Zhejiang Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Jiangxiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology & Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
- Shaoxing-Keqiao Institute, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China;
| | - Shimin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology & Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
- Shaoxing-Keqiao Institute, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology & Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
- Shaoxing-Keqiao Institute, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yihao Yu
- Zhejiang King Label Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313100, China;
| | - Dongming Qi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing & Finishing of Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (X.J.); (J.S.); (S.Z.); (K.C.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Cleaning Technology & Detergent of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323000, China
- Shaoxing-Keqiao Institute, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312000, China
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Ashouri-Sanjani M, Salari M, Rahmati R, Hamidinejad M, Park CB. Incorporating Loss Factor Modular Design for Full Ku-Band Microwave Attenuation in Double-Layered Graphene Aerogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53847-53858. [PMID: 37960885 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials is a pressing priority to prevent secondary electromagnetic pollution in miniaturized electronic devices and communication systems. Meeting this goal has remained a tough challenge to keep pace with the rapid evolution of electronics due to the complex compositional and structural design and narrow operating bands. This work articulates a sound and simple strategy to precisely modulate the electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as the building block in lightweight double-layered rGO-film/rGO-aerogel/polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) composites, for efficient microwave absorption over the entire Ku-band frequency range. These constructs reasonably comprised a porous absorption structure built from parallel rGO sheets aligned and prepared via freeze casting followed by freeze drying. The electrical conductivity and impedance of this layer were tuned by varying the annealing temperature from 400 to 800 °C, thereby adjusting the degree of reduction and the absorption characteristic. This layer was backed by a highly conductive rGO film reduced at a high temperature of 1000 °C, with a reflectivity of 97.5%. The incorporation of this film ensured high EMI shielding effectiveness of the double-layered structure through the absorption-reflection-reabsorption mechanism, consistent with the predicted values based on calculated loss factors and the input impedance of the structure. Accordingly, at an average EMI shielding effectiveness of 57.59 dB, the reflection shielding effectiveness (SER) and reflectivity (R) of the assembled composites were optimized to be as low as 0.22 dB and 0.049, respectively. This equates to approximately 99.999% shielding (SET) and ∼95% absorptivity (A) of the incident wave. This study opens new avenues for the development of lightweight (with a density as low as 15 mg/cm3) absorption-dominant EMI shielding composite materials with promising EMI shielding efficiency and potential applications in modern electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ashouri-Sanjani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Meysam Salari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Reza Rahmati
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
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Wang X, Dong H, Ma Q, Chen Y, Zhao X, Chen L. Nickel nanoparticle decorated silicon carbide as a thermal filler in thermal conductive aramid nanofiber-based composite films for heat dissipation applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20984-20993. [PMID: 37448645 PMCID: PMC10336652 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aramid nanofibers (ANFs) have shown potential applications in the fields of nanocomposite reinforcement, battery separators, thermal insulation and flexible electronics. However, the inherent low thermal conductivity limits the application of ANFs, currently, to ensure long lifetime in electronics. In this work, new nickel (Ni) nanoparticles were employed to decorate the silicon carbide (SiC) filler by a rapid and non-polluting method, in which nickel acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O) and SiC were mixed and heated under an inert atmosphere. The composites as thermal fillers were applied to prepare an aramid nanofiber (ANF)-based composite film. Our results showed that the decoration of SiC by an appropriate amount of Ni nanoparticles played an important role in improving the thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity, thermal stability, and puncture resistance of the ANF composite film. After adjusting the balling time at 10 h, the optimized content of 10 mol% Ni nanoparticles improved the thermal conductivity to 0.502 W m-1 K-1, 298.4% higher than that of the original ANF film. Moreover, increasing the content of thermal fillers to 30 wt% realized a high thermal conductivity of 0.937 W m-1 K-1, which is 643.7% higher than that of the pristine ANF film. Moreover, the compatibility between thermal fillers and ANFs and thermal stability were improved for the ANF-composite films. The effective heat transfer function of our composite films was further confirmed using a LED lamp and thermoelectric device. In addition, the obtained composite films show certain mechanical properties and better hydrophobicity; these results exhibit their great potential applications in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 China
- Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials Shanghai 201209 China
| | - Huarui Dong
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 China
- Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials Shanghai 201209 China
| | - Qingyi Ma
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 China
- Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials Shanghai 201209 China
| | - Xueling Zhao
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 China
- Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials Shanghai 201209 China
| | - Lifei Chen
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University Shanghai 201209 China
- Shanghai Thermophysical Properties Big Data Professional Technical Service Platform, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials Shanghai 201209 China
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