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Fan Z, Shao Y, Jiang X, Zhou J, Yang L, Chen H, Liu W. Cytotoxic effects of NIR responsive chitosan-polymersome layer coated melatonin-upconversion nanoparticles on HGC27 and AGS gastric cancer cells: Role of the ROS/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134187. [PMID: 39098665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a formulation of NaGdF4:Tm/Er@NaGdF4 (core@shell) UCNPs loaded with melatonin drug was synthesized. The novel melatonin-loaded UCNPs were then encapsulated within NIR-responsive biopolymeric chitosan (CS) based polymersome and investigated against gastric cancer (HGC27 & AGS) cells. The photolysis of the ONB moiety and disruption of the disulfide linkage in the polymersome induced by NIR light facilitated by the NaGdF4:Tm/Er@NaGdF4 UCNPs and GSH results in an increased release of melatonin drug. The DLS and zeta potential measurements exhibit a reduced particle size (21.9 ± 3.56 nm) and a low zeta potential (17.91 mV). Furthermore, drug release profiles demonstrated superior melatonin drug release (79.78 %) at pH 5.0 for CS-polymersome-coated melatonin-UCNPs resembling the Hixson-Crowell model. Remarkably, CS-polymersome-coated melatonin-UCNPs exhibit excellent anti-proliferative properties for HGC27 (IC50 = 0.096 μM) and AGS (IC50 = 0.16 μM) cancer cells. The flow cytometry data demonstrate a significant elevation in ROS levels which promoted cell death in both HGC-27 and AGS cells. The observed cell mortality in HGC-27 and AGS cells is primarily caused by the destruction of the nucleus, mtDNA, rupture of disulfide (R-S-S-R) bonds, and nuclear DNA. Contrarily, L929 and HUVECs cells incubated with CS-polymersome coated melatonin-UCNPs (100 μg/mL) reveal a notable cell viability of 88.7 % and 93 % indicating superior biocompatibility. The western blotting analysis revealed the induction of autophagy by CS-polymersome-coated melatonin-UCNPs which subsequently led to apoptosis by regulating the ROS/PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecular signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuheng Shao
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jinglan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Radiation Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Li C, Shi K, Zhao S, Liu J, Zhai Q, Hou X, Xu J, Wang X, Liu J, Wu X, Fan W. Natural-source payloads used in the conjugated drugs architecture for cancer therapy: Recent advances and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107341. [PMID: 39134188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are obtained from tumor-located vectors connected to cytotoxic agents via linkers, which are designed to deliver hyper-toxic payloads directly to targeted cancer cells. These drug conjugates include antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), small molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs), nucleic acid aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs), and virus-like drug conjugate (VDCs), which show great therapeutic value in the clinic. Drug conjugates consist of a targeting carrier, a linker, and a payload. Payloads are key therapy components. Cytotoxic molecules and their derivatives derived from natural products are commonly used in the payload portion of conjugates. The ideal payload should have sufficient toxicity, stability, coupling sites, and the ability to be released under specific conditions to kill tumor cells. Microtubule protein inhibitors, DNA damage agents, and RNA inhibitors are common cytotoxic molecules. Among these conjugates, cytotoxic molecules of natural origin are summarized based on their mechanism of action, conformational relationships, and the discovery of new derivatives. This paper also mentions some cytotoxic molecules that have the potential to be payloads. It also summarizes the latest technologies and novel conjugates developed in recent years to overcome the shortcomings of ADCs, PDCs, SMDCs, ApDCs, and VDCs. In addition, this paper summarizes the clinical trials conducted on conjugates of these cytotoxic molecules over the last five years. It provides a reference for designing and developing safer and more efficient conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Kourong Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Qiaoli Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350108, China; Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai 201707, China.
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China.
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Ma C, Cheng Z, Tan H, Wang Y, Sun S, Zhang M, Wang J. Nanomaterials: leading immunogenic cell death-based cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1447817. [PMID: 39185425 PMCID: PMC11341423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1447817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of oncology has transformed in recent years, with treatments shifting from traditional surgical resection and radiation therapy to more diverse and customized approaches, one of which is immunotherapy. ICD (immunogenic cell death) belongs to a class of regulatory cell death modalities that reactivate the immune response by facilitating the interaction between apoptotic cells and immune cells and releasing specific signaling molecules, and DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns). The inducers of ICD can elevate the expression of specific proteins to optimize the TME (tumor microenvironment). The use of nanotechnology has shown its unique potential. Nanomaterials, due to their tunability, targeting, and biocompatibility, have become powerful tools for drug delivery, immunomodulators, etc., and have shown significant efficacy in clinical trials. In particular, these nanomaterials can effectively activate the ICD, trigger a potent anti-tumor immune response, and maintain long-term tumor suppression. Different types of nanomaterials, such as biological cell membrane-modified nanoparticles, self-assembled nanostructures, metallic nanoparticles, mesoporous materials, and hydrogels, play their respective roles in ICD induction due to their unique structures and mechanisms of action. Therefore, this review will explore the latest advances in the application of these common nanomaterials in tumor ICD induction and discuss how they can provide new strategies and tools for cancer therapy. By gaining a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of these nanomaterials, researchers can develop more precise and effective therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients. Moreover, these strategies hold the promise to overcome resistance to conventional therapies, minimize side effects, and lead to more personalized treatment regimens, ultimately benefiting cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Ma
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haotian Tan
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Clinical College, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhan Sun
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Clinical College, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Yao Q, Guo X, Wang B, Si J, Wang X, Jing S, Yan M, Shi Y, Song G, Shen X, Guan J, Zhao Y, Zhu C. Targeted delivery of CEBPA-saRNA for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by transferrin receptor aptamer decorated tetrahedral framework nucleic acid. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:392. [PMID: 38965606 PMCID: PMC11223357 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, predominantly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remains a highly lethal malignancy with limited therapeutic options and a dismal prognosis. By targeting the underlying molecular abnormalities responsible for PDAC development and progression, gene therapy offers a promising strategy to overcome the challenges posed by conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This study sought to explore the therapeutic potential of small activating RNAs (saRNAs) specifically targeting the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) gene in PDAC. To overcome the challenges associated with saRNA delivery, tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) were rationally engineered as nanocarriers. These tFNAs were further functionalized with a truncated transferrin receptor aptamer (tTR14) to enhance targeting specificity for PDAC cells. The constructed tFNA-based saRNA formulation demonstrated exceptional stability, efficient saRNA release ability, substantial cellular uptake, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. In vitro experiments revealed successful intracellular delivery of CEBPA-saRNA utilizing tTR14-decorated tFNA nanocarriers, resulting in significant activation of tumor suppressor genes, namely, CEBPA and its downstream effector P21, leading to notable inhibition of PDAC cell proliferation. Moreover, in a mouse model of PDAC, the tTR14-decorated tFNA-mediated delivery of CEBPA-saRNA effectively upregulated the expression of the CEBPA and P21 genes, consequently suppressing tumor growth. These compelling findings highlight the potential utility of saRNA delivered via a designed tFNA nanocarrier to induce the activation of tumor suppressor genes as an innovative therapeutic approach for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Joint Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Puheng Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerui Guo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingmei Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyi Si
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingye Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shisong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangqi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Joint Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Puheng Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- College of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
- Joint Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Puheng Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Changfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Safarkhani M, Ahmadi S, Ipakchi H, Saeb MR, Makvandi P, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Rabiee N, Huh Y. Advancements in Aptamer-Driven DNA Nanostructures for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401617. [PMID: 38713753 PMCID: PMC11234471 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures exhibit versatile geometries and possess sophisticated capabilities not found in other nanomaterials. They serve as customizable nanoplatforms for orchestrating the spatial arrangement of molecular components, such as biomolecules, antibodies, or synthetic nanomaterials. This is achieved by incorporating oligonucleotides into the design of the nanostructure. In the realm of drug delivery to cancer cells, there is a growing interest in active targeting assays to enhance efficacy and selectivity. The active targeting approach involves a "key-lock" mechanism where the carrier, through its ligand, recognizes specific receptors on tumor cells, facilitating the release of drugs. Various DNA nanostructures, including DNA origami, Tetrahedral, nanoflower, cruciform, nanostar, nanocentipede, and nanococklebur, can traverse the lipid layer of the cell membrane, allowing cargo delivery to the nucleus. Aptamers, easily formed in vitro, are recognized for their targeted delivery capabilities due to their high selectivity for specific targets and low immunogenicity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the formation and modification of aptamer-modified DNA nanostructures within drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Safarkhani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-45667, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossein Ipakchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, J. Hallera 107, Gdańsk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000 Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Centre of Research Impact and Outreach, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140417, India
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - YunSuk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
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Qi S, Dong X, Hamed EM, Jiang H, Cao W, Yau Li SF, Wang Z. Ratiometric Fluorescence Aptasensor of Allergen Protein Based on Multivalent Aptamer-Encoded DNA Flowers as Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Platform. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6947-6957. [PMID: 38656889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Life-threatening allergic reactions to food allergens, particularly peanut protein Ara h1, are a growing public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. Thus, accurate and rapid detection is necessary for allergen labeling and dietary guidance and ultimately preventing allergic incidents. Herein, we present a novel ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor based on multivalent aptamer-encoded DNA flowers (Mul-DNFs) for the high-stability and sensitive detection of allergen Ara h1. The flower-shaped Mul-DNFs were spontaneously packaged using ultralong polymeric DNA amplicons driven by a rolling circle amplification reaction, which contains a large number of Ara h1 specific recognition units and has excellent binding properties. Furthermore, dual-color fluorescence-labeled Mul-DNFs probes were developed by hybridizing them with Cy3- and Cy5-labeled complementary DNA (cDNA) to serve as a ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor platform based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Benefiting from the combined merits of the extraordinary synergistic multivalent binding ability of Mul-DNFs, the excellent specificity of the aptamer, and the sensitivity of the ratiometric sensor to avoid exogenous interference. The developed ratiometric aptasensor showed excellent linearity (0.05-2000 ng mL-1) with a limit of detection of 0.02 ng mL-1. Additionally, the developed ratiometric fluorescence aptasensor was utilized for quantifying the presence of Ara h1 in milk, infant milk powder, cookies, bread, and chocolate with recoveries of 95.7-106.3%. The proposed ratiometric aptasensor is expected to be a prospective universal aptasensor platform for the rapid, sensitive, and accurate determination of food and environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaoze Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Eslam M Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- Technology Innovation Center of Special Food for State Market Regulation, Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Wuxi 214100, China
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Park D, Lee SJ, Park JW. Aptamer-Based Smart Targeting and Spatial Trigger-Response Drug-Delivery Systems for Anticancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:187. [PMID: 38255292 PMCID: PMC10813750 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the field of drug delivery has witnessed remarkable progress, driven by the quest for more effective and precise therapeutic interventions. Among the myriad strategies employed, the integration of aptamers as targeting moieties and stimuli-responsive systems has emerged as a promising avenue, particularly in the context of anticancer therapy. This review explores cutting-edge advancements in targeted drug-delivery systems, focusing on the integration of aptamers and stimuli-responsive platforms for enhanced spatial anticancer therapy. In the aptamer-based drug-delivery systems, we delve into the versatile applications of aptamers, examining their conjugation with gold, silica, and carbon materials. The synergistic interplay between aptamers and these materials is discussed, emphasizing their potential in achieving precise and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, we explore stimuli-responsive drug-delivery systems with an emphasis on spatial anticancer therapy. Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles are elucidated, and their capacity to exploit the dynamic conditions within cancerous tissues for controlled drug release is detailed. External stimuli-responsive strategies, including ultrasound-mediated, photo-responsive, and magnetic-guided drug-delivery systems, are examined for their role in achieving synergistic anticancer effects. This review integrates diverse approaches in the quest for precision medicine, showcasing the potential of aptamers and stimuli-responsive systems to revolutionize drug-delivery strategies for enhanced anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsik Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Woong Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
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Szymanowski W, Szymanowska A, Bielawska A, Lopez-Berestein G, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Amero P. Aptamers as Potential Therapeutic Tools for Ovarian Cancer: Advancements and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5300. [PMID: 37958473 PMCID: PMC10647731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common lethal gynecologic cause of death in women worldwide, with a high mortality rate and increasing incidence. Despite advancements in the treatment, most OC patients still die from their disease due to late-stage diagnosis, the lack of effective diagnostic methods, and relapses. Aptamers, synthetic, short single-stranded oligonucleotides, have emerged as promising anticancer therapeutics. Their ability to selectively bind to target molecules, including cancer-related proteins and receptors, has revolutionized drug discovery and biomarker identification. Aptamers offer unique insights into the molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Moreover, they show immense potential as drug delivery systems, enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells while minimizing off-target effects and reducing systemic toxicity. In the context of OC, the integration of aptamers with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) presents an opportunity for precise and efficient gene targeting. Additionally, the conjugation of aptamers with nanoparticles allows for accurate and targeted delivery of ncRNAs to specific cells, tissues, or organs. In this review, we will summarize the potential use and challenges associated with the use of aptamers alone or aptamer-ncRNA conjugates, nanoparticles, and multivalent aptamer-based therapeutics for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Szymanowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Szymanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (W.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.S.); (G.L.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
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