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Altınışık S, Özdemir M, Kortun A, Zorlu Y, Yalçın B, Köksoy B, Koyuncu S. Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Thiophene-Coumarin-Based Organic Semiconductors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3305-3316. [PMID: 38284035 PMCID: PMC10809254 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are a valuable material class for optoelectronic applications due to their electronic and optical properties. Four new symmetric and asymmetric thiophene-coumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki and Stille Cross-Coupling reactions. Single crystals of all synthesized thiophene-coumarin derivatives were obtained, and π···π interactions were observed among them. The π···π interactions were supported by UV-vis, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy analyses. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the coumarins were investigated and supported by density functional theory studies. Fluorescence quantum yields were recorded between 36 and 66%. Moreover, mega Stokes shifts (175 nm or 8920 cm-1) were observed in these new chromophore dyes. The emission and absorption colors of the thiophene-coumarin compounds differed between their solution and film forms. Electrochemically, the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of the coumarins increased with the 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene group, leading to a narrowing of the band gap, while the phenyl bridge weakened the donor-acceptor interaction, expanding the band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Altınışık
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Mücahit Özdemir
- Department
of Chemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Arzu Kortun
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department
of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Yalçın
- Department
of Chemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Baybars Köksoy
- Department
of Chemistry, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Çanakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
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2
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Ye G, Liu J, Qiu X, Stäter S, Qiu L, Liu Y, Yang X, Hildner R, Koster LJA, Chiechi RC. Controlling n-Type Molecular Doping via Regiochemistry and Polarity of Pendant Groups on Low Band Gap Donor-Acceptor Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021; 54:3886-3896. [PMID: 34054145 PMCID: PMC8154869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
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We demonstrate the
impact of the type and position of pendant groups
on the n-doping of low-band gap donor–acceptor (D–A)
copolymers. Polar glycol ether groups simultaneously increase the
electron affinities of D–A copolymers and improve the host/dopant
miscibility compared to nonpolar alkyl groups, improving the doping
efficiency by a factor of over 40. The bulk mobility of the doped
films increases with the fraction of polar groups, leading to a best
conductivity of 0.08 S cm–1 and power factor (PF)
of 0.24 μW m–1 K–2 in the
doped copolymer with the polar pendant groups on both the D and A
moieties. We used spatially resolved absorption spectroscopy to relate
commensurate morphological changes to the dispersion of dopants and
to the relative local doping efficiency, demonstrating a direct relationship
between the morphology of the polymer phase, the solvation of the
molecular dopant, and the electrical properties of doped films. Our
work offers fundamental new insights into the influence of the physical
properties of pendant chains on the molecular doping process, which
should be generalizable to any molecularly doped polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Liu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Stäter
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yuru Liu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xuwen Yang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Hildner
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Jan Anton Koster
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Chevrier M, Kesters J, Houston JE, Van den Brande N, Chambon S, Richeter S, Van Mele B, Arnold T, Mehdi A, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P, Evans RC, Maes W, Clément S. Phosphonium‐based polythiophene conjugated polyelectrolytes with different surfactant counterions: thermal properties, self‐assembly and photovoltaic performances. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Chevrier
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC), Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons – UMONS Mons Belgium
| | - Jurgen Kesters
- UHasselt – Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Judith E Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at the Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Garching Germany
| | - Niko Van den Brande
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP Talence France
| | | | - Bruno Van Mele
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK
- European Spallation Source ERIC Lund Sweden
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath UK
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot UK
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP University of Mons – UMONS Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC), Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons – UMONS Mons Belgium
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Wouter Maes
- UHasselt – Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Diepenbeek Belgium
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4
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Soni S, Ye G, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Asyuda A, Zharnikov M, Hong W, Chiechi RC. Understanding the Role of Parallel Pathways via In-Situ Switching of Quantum Interference in Molecular Tunneling Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14308-14312. [PMID: 32469444 PMCID: PMC7497014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the modulation of tunneling probabilities in molecular junctions by switching one of two parallel intramolecular pathways. A linearly conjugated molecular wire provides a rigid framework that allows a second, cross-conjugated pathway to be effectively switched on and off by protonation, affecting the total conductance of the junction. This approach works because a traversing electron interacts with the entire quantum-mechanical circuit simultaneously; Kirchhoff's rules do not apply. We confirm this concept by comparing the conductances of a series of compounds with single or parallel pathways in large-area junctions using EGaIn contacts and single-molecule break junctions using gold contacts. We affect switching selectively in one of two parallel pathways by converting a cross-conjugated carbonyl carbon into a trivalent carbocation, which replaces destructive quantum interference with a symmetrical resonance, causing an increase in transmission in the bias window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringKey Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and SystemsShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060P. R. China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Present address: MicrosystemsDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Applied Physical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 253D-69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical ChemistryHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 253D-69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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5
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Soni S, Ye G, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Asyuda A, Zharnikov M, Hong W, Chiechi RC. Understanding the Role of Parallel Pathways via In‐Situ Switching of Quantum Interference in Molecular Tunneling Junctions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Soni
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Present address: Microsystems Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Andika Asyuda
- Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Applied Physical Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Ye G, Liu Y, Abdu-Aguye M, Loi MA, Chiechi RC. Synthesis, Optical and Electrochemical Properties of High-Quality Cross-Conjugated Aromatic Polyketones. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4689-4696. [PMID: 32175516 PMCID: PMC7066649 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of three new aromatic polyketones with repeating units based on 2,2'-(2,5-dihexyl-1,4-phenylene) dithiophene (PTK), 2,2'-(9,9-dihexyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)dithiophene (PFTK), and 4,7-bis(3-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (PBTK). These polymers were obtained with a one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling-promoted homopolymerization to afford high-quality, defect-free polymers. Experimental and theoretical studies were applied to investigate their optical and electrical properties. The cross-conjugated nature of aromatic polyketones imparts excellent thermal stability. Exposure to acid converts the cross-conjugation to linear-conjugation, enabling the dynamic tuning of optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Yuru Liu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Mustapha Abdu-Aguye
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, AG 9747, The Netherlands
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7
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Voortman TP, Bartesaghi D, Koster LJA, Chiechi RC. Cross-Conjugated n-Dopable Aromatic Polyketone. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Bartesaghi
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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