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Tan J, Guo Y, Guo W. Diameter-Optimum Spreading for the Impinging of Water Nanodroplets on Solid Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:10504-10510. [PMID: 37462343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The impinging of water nanodroplets on solid surfaces is crucial to many nanotechnologies. Through large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, the size effect on the spreading of water nanodroplets after impinging on hydrophilic, graphite, and hydrophobic surfaces under low impinging velocities has been systematically studied. The spreading rates of nanodroplets first increase and then decrease and gradually become constant with the increase of nanodroplet diameter. The nanodroplets with the diameters of 17-19 nm possess the highest spreading rates because of the combined effect of the strongest interfacial interaction and the strongest surface interaction within water molecules. The highest water molecule densities, hydrogen bond numbers, and dielectric constants of interface and surface layers mainly contribute to the lowest interface work of adhesion and surface tension values at optimal diameters. These results unveil the nonmonotonic characteristics of spreading velocity, interface work of adhesion and surface tension with nanodroplet diameter for nanodroplets on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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Chen M, Nijboer MP, Kovalgin AY, Nijmeijer A, Roozeboom F, Luiten-Olieman MWJ. Atmospheric-pressure atomic layer deposition: recent applications and new emerging applications in high-porosity/3D materials. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37376785 PMCID: PMC10392469 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a widely recognized technique for depositing ultrathin conformal films with excellent thickness control at Ångström or (sub)monolayer level. Atmospheric-pressure ALD is an upcoming ALD process with a potentially lower ownership cost of the reactor. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent applications and development of ALD approaches emphasizing those based on operation at atmospheric pressure. Each application determines its own specific reactor design. Spatial ALD (s-ALD) has been recently introduced for the commercial production of large-area 2D displays, the surface passivation and encapsulation of solar cells and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. Atmospheric temporal ALD (t-ALD) has opened up new emerging applications such as high-porosity particle coatings, functionalization of capillary columns for gas chromatography, and membrane modification in water treatment and gas purification. The challenges and opportunities for highly conformal coating on porous substrates by atmospheric ALD have been identified. We discuss in particular the pros and cons of both s-ALD and t-ALD in combination with their reactor designs in relation to the coating of 3D and high-porosity materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M P Nijboer
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - A Y Kovalgin
- Integrated Devices and Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A Nijmeijer
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - F Roozeboom
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M W J Luiten-Olieman
- Inorganic Membranes, Department of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Fryauf DM, Phillips AC, Bolte MJ, Feldman A, Tompa GS, Kobayashi NP. Scaling Atomic Layer Deposition to Astronomical Optic Sizes: Low-Temperature Aluminum Oxide in a Meter-Sized Chamber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:41678-41689. [PMID: 30418738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is very attractive for producing optical quality thin films, including transparent barrier films on metal-coated astronomical mirrors. To date, ALD of mirror coatings has been limited to relatively small-sized substrates. A new ALD tool has been designed, constructed, and tested to apply uniform protective coatings over a 0.9 m diameter substrate in a 1 m diameter scale deposition plane. The new tool, which we have named the meter scale ALD system (MSAS), employs a unique chamber design that isolates a large substrate surface to be coated by utilizing the substrate as a wall of the reaction chamber. The MSAS is mechanically designed to be rapidly reconfigurable for selective area coating of custom substrates with arbitrary shape, size, and permanent backside hardware attachments. The design, implementation, results, and future applications of this new tool are discussed for coating large-area optical substrates, specifically protective coatings for silver mirrors, and other future large astronomical optics. To demonstrate the potential of this new design, aluminum oxide was deposited by thermal ALD using trimethylaluminum and water at a low reaction temperature of 60 °C. Growth rate and uniformity, which are dependent on precursor pulse times and chamber purge times, show that the two half-reactions occur in a saturated regime, matching typical characteristics of ideal ALD behavior. Aluminum oxide deposition process parameters of the MSAS are compared with those of a conventional 100 mm wafer-scale ALD tool, and saturated ALD growth over the 0.9 m substrate is realized with a simple scaling factor applied to precursor pulse and purge times. This initial test shows that lateral thickness uniformity across a 0.9 m substrate is within 2.5% of the average film thickness, and simple steps to realize 1% uniformity have been identified for next growths. Results show promising application of transparent robust dielectric films as uniform coatings across large optical components scaled to meter-sized substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aaron Feldman
- Structured Material Industries Inc , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Gary S Tompa
- Structured Material Industries Inc , Piscataway , New Jersey 08854 , United States
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Hiltunen A, Lahtonen K, Saari J, Ojanperä A, Sarlin E, Wondraczek H, Efimov A, Kaunisto K, Vivo P, Maccato C, Barreca D, Fardim P, Tkachenko N, Valden M, Lemmetyinen H. Tailored Fabrication of Transferable and Hollow Weblike Titanium Dioxide Structures. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:64-71. [PMID: 27805802 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of weblike titanium dioxide thin films by atomic layer deposition on cellulose biotemplates is reported. The method produces a TiO2 web, which is flexible and transferable from the deposition substrate to that of the end application. Removal of the cellulose template by calcination converts the amorphous titania to crystalline anatase and gives the structure a hollow morphology. The TiO2 webs are thoroughly characterized using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to give new insight into manufacturing of porous titanium dioxide structures by means of template-based methods. Functionality and integrity of the TiO2 hollow weblike thin films were successfully confirmed by applying them as electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Hiltunen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Lahtonen
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jesse Saari
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anniina Ojanperä
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Essi Sarlin
- Department of Materials Science, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 589, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Holger Wondraczek
- Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Efimov
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kimmo Kaunisto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paola Vivo
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chiara Maccato
- INSTM, Department of Chemistry, Padova University, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- CNR-ICMATE and INSTM, Department of Chemistry, Padova University, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, 20500, Turku, Finland.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F bus 2424, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolai Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Valden
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Helge Lemmetyinen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
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Gomi S, Andou Y, Nishida H. Auto-Drawing and Functionalization by Vapor-Phase Assisted Polymerization on Solid Surface. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2016. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.29.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Gomi
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshito Andou
- Eco-Town Collaborative R&D Center for the Environment and Recycling, Kyushu Institute of Technology
| | - Haruo Nishida
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
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