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Yadav A, Ahmad S. Single Crystal Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson Metal Halide Perovskites for Visible Light Photodetectors: Present Status and Future Perspectives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39116407 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs), mainly the studied Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) and Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phases, have gained enormous popularity as optoelectronic materials owing to their self-assembled multiple quantum well structures, tunable semiconducting properties, and improved structural stability compared to their bulk 3D counterparts. The performance of polycrystalline thin film devices is limited due to the formation of defects and trap states. However, as studied so far, single crystal-based devices can provide a better platform to improve device performance and investigate their fundamental properties more reliably. This Review provides the first comprehensive report on the emerging field of RP and DJ perovskite single crystals and their use in visible light photodetectors of varied device configurations. This Review structurally summarizes the 2D MHP single crystal growth methods and the parameters that control the crystal growth process. In addition, the characterization techniques used to investigate their crystal properties are discussed. The review further provides detailed insights into the working mechanisms as well as the operational performance of 2D MHP single crystal photodetector devices. In the end, to outline the present status and future directions, this Review provides a forward-looking perspective concerning the technical challenges and bottlenecks associated with the developing field of RP and DJ perovskite single crystals. Therefore, this timely review will provide a detailed overview of the fast-growing field of 2D MHP single crystal-based photodetectors as well as ignite new concepts for a wide range of applications including solar cells, photocatalysts, solar H2 production, neuromorphic bioelectronics, memory devices, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Yadav
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
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Ansari RM, Chamola S, Ahmad S. Ruddlesden-Popper 2D Perovskite-MoS 2 Hybrid Heterojunction Photocathodes for Efficient and Scalable Photo-Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401350. [PMID: 38822720 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Photo-rechargeable batteries (PRBs) can provide a compact solution to power autonomous smart devices located at remote sites that cannot be connected with the grid. The study reports the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) metal halide perovskite (MHP) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) hybrid heterojunction-based photocathodes for Li-ion photo-rechargeable battery (Li-PRB) applications. Hybrid Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have demonstrated an average discharge specific capacity of 144.46 and 129.17 mAhg-1 for 50 cycles when operating at 176 and 294 mAg-1, respectively compared to the pristine LIBs which have shown specific capacity of 37.48 and 25.60 mAhg-1 under similar conditions. Hybrid Li-PRB has achieved an average dark discharge specific capacities of 128.66 mAhg-1 (capacity retention: 96.56%) which enhanced to 180.67 mAhg-1 under illumination (capacity retention: 97.39%; photo-enhancement: 40.42%) at 64 mAg-1. Excellent performance of hybrid Li-PRB is attributed to the formation of type-II heterojunction that leads to improved crystallinity and film morphology. The PRB has demonstrated a high photo conversion and storage efficiency (PC-SE) of 0.52% under standard 1 Sun illumination, which outperforms other previously reported MHP based LIBs and PRBs. This work provides a novel approach of harnessing the potential of MHPs for PRBs and offers new avenues for MHP photocathodes for various applications beyond PRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid M Ansari
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
| | - Shubham Chamola
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
| | - Shahab Ahmad
- Advanced Energy Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342030, India
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Review on Perovskite Semiconductor Field‑Effect Transistors and Their Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142396. [PMID: 35889621 PMCID: PMC9322712 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite materials are considered as the most alluring successor to the conventional semiconductor materials to fabricate solar cells, light emitting diodes and electronic displays. However, the use of the perovskite semiconductors as a channel material in field effect transistors (FET) are much lower than expected due to the poor performance of the devices. Despite low attention, the perovskite FETs are used in widespread applications on account of their unique opto-electrical properties. This review focuses on the previous works on perovskite FETs which are summarized into tables based on their structures and electrical properties. Further, this review focuses on the applications of perovskite FETs in photodetectors, phototransistors, light emitting FETs and memory devices. Moreover, this review highlights the challenges faced by the perovskite FETs to meet the current standards along with the future directions of these FETs. Overall, the review summarizes all the available information on existing perovskite FET works and their applications reported so far.
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McClintock L, Song Z, Travaglini HC, Senger RT, Chandrasekaran V, Htoon H, Yarotski D, Yu D. Highly Mobile Excitons in Single Crystal Methylammonium Lead Tribromide Perovskite Microribbons. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3698-3705. [PMID: 35439010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excitons are often given negative connotation in solar energy harvesting in part due to their presumed short diffusion lengths. We investigate exciton transport in single-crystal methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) microribbons via spectrally, spatially, and temporally resolved photocurrent and photoluminescence measurements. Distinct peaks in the photocurrent spectra unambiguously confirm exciton formation and allow for accurate extraction of the low temperature exciton binding energy (39 meV). Photocurrent decays within a few μm at room temperature, while a gate-tunable long-range photocurrent component appears at lower temperatures (about 100 μm below 140 K). Carrier lifetimes of 1.2 μs or shorter exclude the possibility of the long decay length arising from slow trapped-carrier hopping. Free carrier diffusion is also an unlikely source of the highly nonlocal photocurrent, due to their small fraction at low temperatures. We attribute the long-distance transport to high-mobility excitons, which may open up new opportunities for novel exciton-based photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McClintock
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ziyi Song
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - H Clark Travaglini
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R Tugrul Senger
- Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
- ICTP-ECAR Eurasian Center for Advanced Research, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vigneshwaran Chandrasekaran
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dmitry Yarotski
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California─Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Ruddlesden-Popper 2D perovskites of type (C 6H 9C 2H 4NH 3) 2(CH 3NH 3) n-1Pb nI 3n+1 (n = 1-4) for optoelectronic applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2176. [PMID: 35140250 PMCID: PMC8828857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase metal halide organo perovskites are being extensively studied due to their quasi-two dimensional (2D) nature which makes them an excellent material for several optoelectronic device applications such as solar cells, photo-detectors, light emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers etc. While most of reports show use of linear carbon chain based organic moiety, such as n-Butylamine, as organic spacer in RP perovskite crystal structure, here we report a new series of quasi 2D perovskites with a ring type cyclic carbon group as organic spacer forming RP perovskite of type (CH)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1; CH = 2-(1-Cyclohexenyl)ethylamine; MA = Methylamine). This work highlights the synthesis, structural, thermal, optical and optoelectronic characterizations for the new RP perovskite series n = 1–4. The demonstrated RP perovskite of type for n = 1–4 have shown formation of highly crystalline thin films with alternate stacking of organic and inorganic layers, where the order of PbI6 octahedron layering are controlled by n-value, and shown uniform direct bandgap tunable from 2.51 eV (n = 1) to 1.92 eV (n = 4). The PL lifetime measurements supported the fact that lifetime of charge carriers increase with n-value of RP perovskites [154 ps (n = 1) to 336 ps (n = 4)]. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed highly stable nature of reported RP perovskites with linear increase in phase transition temperatures from 257 °C (n = 1) to 270 °C (n = 4). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) are used to investigate the surface morphology and elemental compositions of thin films. In addition, the photodetectors fabricated for the series using (CH)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 RP perovskite as active absorbing layer and without any charge transport layers, shown sharp photocurrent response from 17 nA/cm2 for n = 1 to 70 nA/cm2 for n = 4, under zero bias and low power illumination conditions (470 nm LED, 1.5 mW/cm2). Furthermore, for lowest bandgap RP perovskite n = 4, (CH)2MA3Pb4I13 the photodetector showed maximum photocurrent density of ~ 508 nA/cm2 at 3 V under similar illumination condition, thus giving fairly large responsivity (46.65 mA/W). Our investigations show that 2-(1-Cyclohexenyl)ethylamine based RP perovskites can be potential solution processed semiconducting materials for optoelectronic applications such as photo-detectors, solar cells, LEDs, photobatteries etc.
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Mukherjee S, Bhattacharya D, Patra S, Paul S, Mitra RK, Mahadevan P, Pal AN, Ray SK. High-Responsivity Gate-Tunable Ultraviolet-Visible Broadband Phototransistor Based on Graphene-WS 2 Mixed-Dimensional (2D-0D) Heterostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5775-5784. [PMID: 35068147 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the synthesis of highly stable, eco-friendly, cost-effective transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) quantum dots (QDs) with their broadband absorption spectra and wavelength selectivity features have led to their increasing use in broadband photodetectors. With the solution-based processing, we demonstrate a superlarge (∼0.75 mm2), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) broadband (365-633 nm) phototransistor made of WS2 QDs-decorated chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene as the active channel with extraordinary stability and durability under ambient conditions (without any degradation of photocurrent until 4 months after fabrication). Here, colloidal zero-dimensional (0D) WS2 QDs are used as the photoabsorbing material, and graphene acts as the conducting channel. A high photoresponsivity (3.1 × 102 A/W), moderately high detectivity (∼8.9 × 108 Jones), and low noise equivalent power (∼9.7 × 10-11 W/Hz0.5) are obtained at a low bias voltage (Vds = 1 V) at an illumination of 365 nm with optical power as low as ∼0.8 μW/cm2, which can be further tuned by modulating the gate bias. While comparing the photocurrent between two different morphologies of WS2 [QDs and two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets], a significant enhancement of photocurrent is observed in the case of QD-based devices. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations further support our observation, revealing the role of quantum confinement in enhanced photoresponse. Our work reveals a strategy toward developing a scalable, cost-effective, high-performance hybrid mixed-dimensional (2D-0D) photodetector with graphene-WS2 QDs for next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrasish Mukherjee
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Didhiti Bhattacharya
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sumanti Patra
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sanjukta Paul
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Rajib Kumar Mitra
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Priya Mahadevan
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Atindra Nath Pal
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Samit Kumar Ray
- S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
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Kumavat SR, Sachdeva G, Sonvane Y, Gupta SK. Structural and compositional properties of 2D CH 3NH 3PbI 3 hybrid halide perovskite: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25924-25931. [PMID: 36199593 PMCID: PMC9468801 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites have been scrutinized as candidate materials for solar cells because of their tunable structural and compositional properties. Results based on density functional theory demonstrate its thickness-dependent stability. We have observed that the bandgap decreases from the mono- to quad-layer because of the transformation from 2D towards 3D. Due to the transformation, the carrier mobility is lowered with the corresponding smaller effective mass. On the other hand, the multilayer structures have good optical properties with an absorption coefficient of about 105 cm−1. The calculated absorption spectra lie between 248 nm and 496 nm, leading to optical activity of the 2D multilayer CH3NH3PbI3 systems in the visible and ultraviolet regions. The strength of the optical absorption increases with an increase in thickness. Overall results from this theoretical study suggest that this 2D multilayer CH3NH3PbI3 is a good candidate for photovoltaic and optoelectronic device applications. We have studied 2D CH3NH3PbI3 and its multilayer halide perovskites. These systems have a high formation energy. The optical properties absorption spectra lie between 248 nm to 496 nm with an absorption coefficient of about 105 cm−1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip R. Kumavat
- Advanced Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, India
| | - Geeta Sachdeva
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Yogesh Sonvane
- Advanced Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, India
| | - Sanjeev K. Gupta
- Computational Materials and Nanoscience Group, Department of Physics, St. Xavier’s College, Ahmedabad 380009, India
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Chen X, Zhou H, Wang H. 2D/3D Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Devices. Front Chem 2021; 9:715157. [PMID: 34490208 PMCID: PMC8416683 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.715157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional three-dimensional (3D) halide perovskites (HPs) have experienced rapid development due to their highly power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the instability of 3D perovskite on humidity and UV irradiation blocks their commercialization. In the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites attract much attention because they behave better stability due to the water resistance of the aliphatic carbon chains in the 2D perovskite lattice. In this review, we categorize the 2D/3D perovskites based on the applications [i.e., solar cells (SCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs)]. We further discuss the recent efforts in the performance enhancement of the 2D/3D perovskite-based devices. However, there are still some difficulties before 2D/3D HPs is fully commercialized. We will provide some scientific and technical challenges and prospects in the article to point out the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hai Zhou
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Labs, School of Microelectronics and Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Labs, School of Microelectronics and Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Yao D, Hoang MT, Wang H. Low-Dimensional-Networked Perovskites with A-Site-Cation Engineering for Optoelectronic Devices. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001147. [PMID: 34928083 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional-networked (LDN) perovskites denote materials in which the molecular structure adopts 2D, 1D, or 0D arrangement. Compared to conventional 3D structured lead halide perovskite (chemical formula: ABX3 where A: monovalent cations, B: divalent cations, X: halides) that have been studied widely as light absorber and used in current state-or-the-art solar cells, LDN perovskite have unique properties such as more flexible crystal structure, lower ion transport mobility, robust stability against environmental stress such as moisture, thermal, etc., making them attractive for applications in optoelectronic devices. Since 2014, reports on LDN perovskite materials used in perovskite solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), luminescent solar concentrators (LSC), and photodetectors have been reported, aiming to overcome the obstacles of conventional 3DN perovskite materials in these optoelectronic devices. In this review, the variable ligands used to make LDN perovskite materials are summarized, their distinct properties compared to conventional 3D perovskite materials. The research progress of optoelectronic devices including solar cells, LEDs, LSCs, and photodetectors that used different LDNs perovskite, the roles and working mechanisms of the LDN perovskites in the devices are also demonstrated. Finally, key research challenges and outlook of LDN materials for various optoelectronic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Minh Tam Hoang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
- Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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Cassidy A, James RL, Dawes A, Field D. Crystallites and Electric Fields in Solid Ammonia. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:983-990. [PMID: 33024652 PMCID: PMC7528761 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption spectra of vacuum-deposited films of ammonia have been obtained in the range 115 nm to 310 nm for a set of 15 deposition temperatures, Td, between 20 K and 80 K. Results focus upon the region 115 nm to 130 nm in overlapping D, E, F and G←X Rydberg transitions involving Wannier-Mott excitons. We identify two phases of ammonia, showing the solid to be polymorphic. Peak absorption wavelengths in the region of interest are found to shift to the red by 299 cm-1, for Td between 20 K to 50 K, and 1380 cm-1 for Td between 55 K to 80 K. Shifts provide evidence for the presence of spontaneously generated electric fields in these films, of values in excess of 108 V m-1 for Td of 20 K to 50 K to a few times 107 V m-1 for 55 K to 80 K. Results enable us to place a lower limit of 1.58 nm on the size of crystallites in the low temperature regime. This dimension represents 16 unit cells or 64 species, giving a more quantitative description than the nebulous term amorphous, as applied to solid ammonia. We also determine that crystallites formed in the high temperature regime contain, within ±20 %, 1688, 756 and 236 molecules of ammonia, respectively at Td of 65 K, 60 K and 55 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cassidy
- Department of Physics and AstronomyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 1208000AarhusDenmark
| | - Rachel L. James
- School of Physical SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - Anita Dawes
- School of Physical SciencesThe Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAUK
| | - David Field
- Department of Physics and AstronomyAarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 1208000AarhusDenmark
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Adnan M, Baumberg JJ, Vijaya Prakash G. Linear and nonlinear optical probing of various excitons in 2D inorganic-organic hybrid structures. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2615. [PMID: 32054972 PMCID: PMC7018830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59457-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical properties, such as two-(or multi-) photon absorption (2PA), are of special interest for technologically important applications in fast optical switching, in vivo imaging and so on. Highly intense infrared ultrashort pulses probe deep into samples and reveal several underlying structural perturbations (inter-layer distortions, intra-layer crumpling) and also provide information about new excited states and their relaxation. Naturally self-assembled inorganic-organic multiple quantum wells (IO-MQWs) show utility from room-temperature exciton emission features (binding energies ~200–250 meV). These Mott type excitons are highly sensitive to the self-assembly process, inorganic network distortions, thickness and inter-layer distortions of these soft two-dimensional (2D) and weak van der Waal layered hybrids. We demonstrate strong room-temperature nonlinear excitation intensity dependent two-photon absorption induced exciton photoluminescence (2PA-PL) from these IO-MQWs, excited by infrared femtosecond laser pulses. Strongly confined excitons show distinctly different one- and two-photon excited photoluminescence energies: from free-excitons (2.41 eV) coupled to the perfectly aligned MQWs and from energy down-shifted excitons (2.33 eV) that originate from the locally crumpled layered architecture. High intensity femtosecond induced PL from one-photon absorption (1PA-PL) suggests saturation of absorption and exciton-exciton annihilation, with typical reduction in PL radiative relaxation times from 270 ps to 190 ps upon increasing excitation intensities. From a wide range of IR excitation tuning, the origin of 2PA-PL excitation is suggested to arise from exciton dark states which extend below the bandgap. Observed two-photon absorption coefficients (β ~75 cm/GW) and two-photon excitation cross-sections (η2σ2 ~ 110GM), further support the evidence for 2PA excitation origin. Both 1PA- and 2PA-PL spatial mappings over large areas of single crystal platelets demonstrate the co-existence of both free and deep-level crumpled excitons with some traces of defect-induced trap state emission. We conclude that the two-photon absorption induced PL is highly sensitive to the self-assembly process of few to many mono layers, the crystal packing and deep level defects. This study paves a way to tailor the nonlinear properties of many 2D material classes. Our results thus open new avenues for exploring fundamental phenomena and novel optoelectronic applications using layered inorganic-organic and other metal organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adnan
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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12
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Adnan M, Rao KN, Acharyya JN, Kumar D, Dehury KM, Prakash GV. Synthesis, Structural, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Studies of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Semiconductors (R-C 6H 4CHCH 3NH 3) 2PbI 4, (R = CH 3, Cl). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19565-19572. [PMID: 31788586 PMCID: PMC6881839 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, crystal structure, and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) layered structurally slightly different inorganic-organic (IO) hybrid semiconductors (R-C6H4C2H4NH3)2PbI4 (R = CH3, Cl) are presented. They are naturally self-assembled systems where two (RNH3)+ moieties are sandwiched between two infinitely extended 2D layers of the [PbI6]4- octahedral network and treated as natural IO multiple quantum wells. While the former compound crystallizes into an orthorhombic system in the Cmc21 space group, the latter crystallizes into a monoclinic system in the space group P21/c. As a thin film, they are well-oriented along the (l00) direction. Both single crystals and thin films show strong room-temperature Mott type exciton features that are highly sensitive to the self-assembly and crystal packing. Linear (one-photon) and nonlinear (two-photon) optical probing of single crystals for exciton photoluminescence imaging and spectral spatial mapping provide deep insight into the layered re-arrangement and structural crumpling due to organic conformation. The strongly confined excitons, within the lowest band gap of inorganic, show distinctly different one- and two-photon excited photoluminescence peaks: free excitons from perfectly aligned 2D self-assembly and energy down-shifted excitons originated from the locally crumpled layered arrangement. Their structural aspects are successfully presented with proper correlation that emphasize various differences in physical and optical properties associated between these novel IO hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Adnan
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Kotla Nageswara Rao
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Kshetra Mohan Dehury
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - G. Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics
Lab, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, New Delhi, India
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13
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Ahmad S, Sadhanala A, Hoye RLZ, Andrei V, Modarres MH, Zhao B, Rongé J, Friend R, De Volder M. Triple-Cation-Based Perovskite Photocathodes with AZO Protective Layer for Hydrogen Production Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23198-23206. [PMID: 31252465 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are actively pursued as photoelectrodes to drive solar fuel synthesis. However, currently, these photocathodes suffer from limited stability in water, which hampers their practical application. Here, we report a high-performance solution-processable photocathode composed of cesium formamidinium methylammonium triple-cation lead halide perovskite protected by an Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layer combined with a Field's metal encapsulation. Careful selection of charge transport layers resulted in an improvement in photocurrent, fill factor, device stability and reproducibility. The dead pixels count reduced from 25 to 6% for the devices with an AZO layer, and in photocathodes with an AZO layer the photocurrent density increased by almost 20% to 14.3 mA cm-2. In addition, we observed a 5-fold increase in the device lifetime for photocathodes with AZO, which reached up to 18 h before complete failure. Finally, the photocathodes are fabricated using low-cost and scalable methods, which have promise to become compatible with standard solution-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ahmad
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) , New Delhi 110025 , India
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Virgil Andrei
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hadi Modarres
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Baodan Zhao
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Jan Rongé
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis , KU Leuven , Leuven B-3001 , Belgium
| | - Richard Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Michael De Volder
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
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14
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He X, Wang Y, Li K, Wang X, Liu P, Yang Y, Liao Q, Zhai T, Yao J, Fu H. Oriented Growth of Ultrathin Single Crystals of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites for High-Performance Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15905-15912. [PMID: 30964268 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compared with their 3D counterparts, layered 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (2D RPPs) with the formula of (A')2A n-1Pb nX3 n+1 exhibit improved photo and moisture stability. To develop flexible single-crystalline electronics and wearable devices, cost-effective growth of large-area single crystals of 2D RPPs with large lateral size, ultrathin thickness, parallel orientation, and well-defined and controlled n values are highly desirable, but it remains still a challenge. Here, we modified the space-confined aqueous solution growth method to fabricate single-crystalline films of (BA)2(MA) n-1Pb nX3 n+1 and n = 1, 2, 3, respectively, with the lateral size reaching millimeter and thickness about 400-1000 nm. Moreover, the quantum well layers are found to be parallel to the substrate, well suitable for lateral transport requirement. We successfully integrated ultrathin single crystals of (BA)2(MA) n-1Pb nX3 n+1 ( n = 1-3) into a metal-semiconductor-metal two-terminal photodetector. The photoresponsive wavelength range was extended from 525 nm for n = 1 and 590 nm for n = 2 to 630 nm for n = 3 as a result of the reduced exciton band gap. The device of n = 2 single crystals shows the highest responsivity of 2.96 A/W and a detectivity of 1013 jones, while the device of n = 3 shows the lowest dark current 10-14 A, and therefore, its on/off ratio reaches 2862 at the bias voltage of 1 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiong He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Yaguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Yijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry , Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry , Capital Normal University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
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15
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Talib M, Tabassum R, Abid, Islam SS, Mishra P. Improvements in the Performance of a Visible-NIR Photodetector Using Horizontally Aligned TiS 3 Nanoribbons. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6180-6191. [PMID: 31459763 PMCID: PMC6648021 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and characterization of visible and near-infrared-resistive photodetector using horizontally aligned titanium tri sulfide (TiS3) nanoribbons. The fabrication process employed micro-electromechanical system, photolithography and dielectrophoretic (DEP) methods. The interdigitated electrodes (IDE) fingers were fabricated using photolithography and thin-film metallization techniques onto the Si/SiO2 substrate, and then TiS3 nanoribbons were horizontally aligned in between IDE using DEP. The fabricated device was first characterized in absence of light and then, the photodetector-based characteristics were obtained by illuminating it with fiber-coupled laser beam. These characteristics were optimized by varying wavelength and power density of the laser beam. The present photodetector shows a maximum responsivity of 5.22 × 102 A/W, quantum efficiency of 6.08 × 102, and detectivity of 1.69 × 109 Jones. The switching times, i.e., response and recovery times were found to be 1.53 and 0.74 s, respectively, with 1064 nm wavelength and 3.4 mW/mm2 power density of the laser beam. Also, the effect of O2 adsorption on nanoribbons has been studied and it is found that adsorbed O2 acts as electron acceptor and decreases the conductivity of the photodetector. Experimentally, it is found that the photoresponse of the horizontally aligned TiS3 nanoribbons is better than that of a randomly oriented TiS3 nanoribbon-based photodetector. Finally, the performance of the present photodetector was compared to that of the previous ones that were found to outperform the reported ones. The additional advantages of the photodetector include excellent stability and portability from which it may be concluded that TiS3 nanoribbons can be a promising candidate for application in nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Talib
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A
Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rana Tabassum
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A
Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abid
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A
Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saikh Safiul Islam
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A
Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Prabhash Mishra
- Centre for Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A
Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
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16
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Yu J, Kong J, Hao W, Guo X, He H, Leow WR, Liu Z, Cai P, Qian G, Li S, Chen X, Chen X. Broadband Extrinsic Self-Trapped Exciton Emission in Sn-Doped 2D Lead-Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806385. [PMID: 30556251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As emerging efficient emitters, metal-halide perovskites offer the intriguing potential to the low-cost light emitting devices. However, semiconductors generally suffer from severe luminescence quenching due to insufficient confinement of excitons (bound electron-hole pairs). Here, Sn-triggered extrinsic self-trapping of excitons in bulk 2D perovskite crystal, PEA2 PbI4 (PEA = phenylethylammonium), is reported, where exciton self-trapping never occurs in its pure state. By creating local potential wells, isoelectronic Sn dopants initiate the localization of excitons, which would further induce the large lattice deformation around the impurities to accommodate the self-trapped excitons. With such self-trapped states, the Sn-doped perovskites generate broadband red-to-near-infrared (NIR) emission at room temperature due to strong exciton-phonon coupling, with a remarkable quantum yield increase from 0.7% to 6.0% (8.6 folds), reaching 42.3% under a 100 mW cm-2 excitation by extrapolation. The quantum yield enhancement stems from substantial higher thermal quench activation energy of self-trapped excitons than that of free excitons (120 vs 35 meV). It is further revealed that the fast exciton diffusion involves in the initial energy transfer step by transient absorption spectroscopy. This dopant-induced extrinsic exciton self-trapping approach paves the way for extending the spectral range of perovskite emitters, and may find emerging application in efficient supercontinuum sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancan Yu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jintao Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xintong Guo
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Huajun He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Guodong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuzhou Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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17
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Katan C, Mercier N, Even J. Quantum and Dielectric Confinement Effects in Lower-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3140-3192. [PMID: 30638375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites are now superstar materials leading the field of low-cost thin film photovoltaics technologies. Following the surge for more efficient and stable 3D bulk alloys, multilayered halide perovskites and colloidal perovskite nanostructures appeared in 2016 as viable alternative solutions to this challenge, largely exceeding the original proof of concept made in 2009 and 2014, respectively. This triggered renewed interest in lower-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites and at the same time increasingly more numerous and differentiated applications. The present paper is a review of the past and present literature on both colloidal nanostructures and multilayered compounds, emphasizing that availability of accurate structural information is of dramatic importance to reach a fair understanding of quantum and dielectric confinement effects. Layered halide perovskites occupy a special place in the history of halide perovskites, with a large number of seminal papers in the 1980s and 1990s. In recent years, the rationalization of structure-properties relationship has greatly benefited from new theoretical approaches dedicated to their electronic structures and optoelectronic properties, as well as a growing number of contributions based on modern experimental techniques. This is a necessary step to provide in-depth tools to decipher their extensive chemical engineering possibilities which surpass the ones of their 3D bulk counterparts. Comparisons to classical semiconductor nanostructures and 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also stressed. Since 2015, colloidal nanostructures have undergone a quick development for applications based on light emission. Although intensively studied in the last two years by various spectroscopy techniques, the description of quantum and dielectric confinement effects on their optoelectronic properties is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Nicolas Mercier
- MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR-CNRS 6200, Université d'Angers , 2 Bd Lavoisier , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 , F-35000 Rennes , France
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18
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Li Y, Wang Z, Hu S, Yan X, Zhai Y, Zhang C, Sheng C. Optical Properties of Two-Dimensional Perovskite Films of (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2[PbI 4] and (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2 (CH 3NH 3) 2[Pb 3I 10]. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:13-19. [PMID: 30556395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies were used to study the optical properties of 2D perovskite films, including n = 1 and 3 of (PEA)2(CH3NH3) n-1[Pb nI3 n+1] (PEA = C6H5(CH2)2NH3). In (PEA)2[Pb1I4] (PEPI), excitons coupling to optical phonons with an average energy of ∼30 meV dominate the photophysics of absorption and PL. (PEA)2(CH3NH3)2[Pb3I10] (shortened as PMPI3), nominally prepared as n = 3, actually was a mixture of multiple layered perovskites with various n. In absorption, a PMPI3 film presents respective n materials' excitonic features, coupling to phonons with an average energy of ∼30 meV; in analyzing PL peaked singly at ∼1.6 eV and its width as a function of temperature, we found that PMPI3 behaves like PEPI at around 80 K but like 3D perovskite near room temperature, with three times larger electron-phonon interaction strength compared to that in PEPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Yezhou Li
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Zeyang Wang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Shu Hu
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Xiaoliang Yan
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Yaxin Zhai
- Chemical and Nano Science Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Beijing 100190, China
| | - ChuanXiang Sheng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
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19
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Zhou W, Li D, Zhang D, Tang H, Zhang H, Liang C. Electronic and optical absorption properties of organic–inorganic perovskites as influenced by different long-chain diamine molecules: first-principles calculations. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14718-14726. [PMID: 35516333 PMCID: PMC9064129 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic–inorganic perovskites have demonstrated significant promise as photovoltaic materials due to their excellent photoelectric properties. However, monoamino three-dimensional (3D) perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and NH2CHNH2PbI3 (FAPbI3) exhibit low thermal and chemical stability, leading to low device durability. As such, we sought to address this problem by evaluating the performance of five diamino-3D perovskites with different molecule chain lengths, including NH3(CH2)2NH3PbI4 (EDAPbI4), NH3(CH2)3NH3PbI4 (DPAPbI4), NH3(CH2)4NH3PbI4 (BDAPbI4), NH3(CH2)5NH3PbI4 (PDAPbI4), and NH3(CH2)6NH3PbI4 (HDAPbI4), as well as one monoamino-2D perovskite, (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2PbI4 (BA2PbI4) using first-principles calculations. We analyzed the geometries, formation energies, electronic structures, and optical absorption properties of each of these materials. We determined the composition of the conduction and valence bands and analyzed the charge transfer between the inorganic layer and organic molecules. The transport characteristics of the electrons in the different directions were analyzed by calculating the effective mass in different directions. Based on these results, BDAPbI4 was predicted to exhibit the best photovoltaic performance, as well as demonstrating a light effective mass of the electrons and holes, a reduced bandgap, and a large optical absorption, compared to the other perovskites assessed in this study. Organic–inorganic perovskites have demonstrated significant promise as photovoltaic materials due to their excellent photoelectric properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhe Zhou
- Department of Physics
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 1001044
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Physics
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 1001044
- People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 1001044
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Tang
- Department of Physics
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 1001044
- People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Physics
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 1001044
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjun Liang
- Department of Physics
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 1001044
- People's Republic of China
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20
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Maddalena F, Chin XY, Cortecchia D, Bruno A, Soci C. Brightness Enhancement in Pulsed-Operated Perovskite Light-Emitting Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37316-37325. [PMID: 30277074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting field-effect transistors (PeLEFETs) provide a versatile device architecture to control transport and electroluminescence properties of hybrid perovskites, enabling injection of high charge carrier density and spatial control of the radiative recombination zone. Ionic screening and organic cation polarization effects typical of metal-halide perovskites, however, critically affect PeLEFET efficiency and reliability. In this work, we demonstrate a new device operation mode based on high-frequency modulation of the applied voltages, which allows significant reduction of ionic drift/screening in methylammonium lead iodide light-emitting transistors. In optimized top contact PeLEFETs, AC operation results in brighter and more uniform electroluminescence compared to DC-driven devices, whereas high-frequency modulation enables electroluminescence emission up to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Yu Chin
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 , Singapore
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 , Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU , Nanyang Technological University , 637553 , Singapore
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21
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Maheshwari S, Savenije TJ, Renaud N, Grozema FC. Computational Design of Two-Dimensional Perovskites with Functional Organic Cations. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:17118-17122. [PMID: 30093930 PMCID: PMC6077773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites are a class of materials in which 2D layers of perovskite are separated by large organic cations. Conventionally, the 2D perovskites incorporate organic cations as spacers, but these organic cations also offer a route to introduce specific functionality in the material. In this work, we demonstrate, by density functional theory calculations, that the introduction of electron withdrawing and electron donating molecules leads to the formation of localized states, either in the organic or the inorganic part. Furthermore, we show that the energy of the bands located in the organic and inorganic parts can be tuned independently. The organic cation levels can be tuned by changing the electron withdrawing/donating character, whereas the energy levels in the inorganic part can be modified by varying the number of inorganic perovskite layers. This opens a new window for the design of 2D perovskites with properties tuned for specific applications.
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22
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Passarelli JV, Fairfield DJ, Sather NA, Hendricks MP, Sai H, Stern CL, Stupp SI. Enhanced Out-of-Plane Conductivity and Photovoltaic Performance in n = 1 Layered Perovskites through Organic Cation Design. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7313-7323. [PMID: 29869499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Layered perovskites with the formula (R-NH3)2PbI4 have excellent environmental stability but poor photovoltaic function due to the preferential orientation of the semiconducting layer parallel to the substrate and the typically insulating nature of the R-NH3+ cation. Here, we report a series of these n = 1 layered perovskites with the form (aromatic- O-linker-NH3)2PbI4 where the aromatic moiety is naphthalene, pyrene, or perylene and the linker is ethyl, propyl, or butyl. These materials achieve enhanced conductivity perpendicular to the inorganic layers due to better energy level matching between the inorganic layers and organic galleries. The enhanced conductivity and visible absorption of these materials led to a champion power conversion efficiency of 1.38%, which is the highest value reported for any n = 1 layered perovskite, and it is an order of magnitude higher efficiency than any other n = 1 layered perovskite oriented with layers parallel to the substrate. These findings demonstrate the importance of leveraging the electronic character of the organic cation to improve optoelectronic properties and thus the photovoltaic performance of these chemically stable low n layered perovskites.
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23
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Ahmad S, George C, Beesley DJ, Baumberg JJ, De Volder M. Photo-Rechargeable Organo-Halide Perovskite Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1856-1862. [PMID: 29425044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging autonomous electronic devices require increasingly compact energy generation and storage solutions. Merging these two functionalities in a single device would significantly increase their volumetric performance, however this is challenging due to material and manufacturing incompatibilities between energy harvesting and storage materials. Here we demonstrate that organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites can both generate and store energy in a rechargeable device termed a photobattery. This photobattery relies on highly photoactive two-dimensional lead halide perovskites to simultaneously achieve photocharging and Li-ion storage. Integrating these functionalities provides simple autonomous power solutions while retaining capacities of up to 100 mAh/g and efficiencies similar to electrodes using a mixture of batteries and solar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Ahmad
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Chandramohan George
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - David J Beesley
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Michael De Volder
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
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24
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Abstract
While the field of perovskite-based optoelectronics has mostly been dominated by photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and transistors, semiconducting properties peculiar to perovskites make them interesting candidates for innovative and disruptive applications in light signal detection. Perovskites combine effective light absorption in the broadband range with good photo-generation yield and high charge carrier mobility, a combination that provides promising potential for exploiting sensitive and fast photodetectors that are targeted for image sensing, optical communication, environmental monitoring or chemical/biological detection. Currently, organic-inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic halide perovskites with controlled morphologies of polycrystalline thin films, nano-particles/wires/sheets, and bulk single crystals have shown key figure-of-merit features in terms of their responsivity, detectivity, noise equivalent power, linear dynamic range, and response speed. The sensing region has been covered from ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) to gamma photons based on two- or three-terminal device architectures. Diverse photoactive materials and devices with superior optoelectronic performances have stimulated attention from researchers in multidisciplinary areas. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of perovskite-based photodetectors focusing on versatile compositions, structures, and morphologies of constituent materials, and diverse device architectures toward the superior performance metrics. Combining the advantages of both organic semiconductors (facile solution processability) and inorganic semiconductors (high charge carrier mobility), perovskites are expected to replace commercial silicon for future photodetection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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Zhou J, Huang J. Photodetectors Based on Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700256. [PMID: 29375959 PMCID: PMC5770665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed skyrocketing research achievements in organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites (OIHPs) in the photovoltaic field. In addition to photovoltaics, more and more studies have focused on OIHPs-based photodetectors in the past two years, due to the remarkable optoelectronic properties of OIHPs. This article summarizes the latest progress in this research field. To begin with, the factors influencing the performance of photodetectors are discussed, including both internal and external factors. In particular, the channel width and the incident power intensities should be taken into account to precisely and objectively evaluate and compare the output performance of different photodetectors. Next, photodetectors fabricated on single-component perovskites in terms of different micromorphologies are discussed, namely, 3D thin-film and single crystalline, 2D nanoplates, 1D nanowires, and 0D nanocrystals, respectively. Then, bilayer structured perovskite-based photodetectors incorporating inorganic and organic semiconductors are discussed to improve the optoelectronic performance of their pristine counterparts. Additionally, flexible OIHPs-based photodetectors are highlighted. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook is given on the progress and challenges in the field of perovskites-based photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai201804P. R. China
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26
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Chanana A, Zhai Y, Baniya S, Zhang C, Vardeny ZV, Nahata A. Colour selective control of terahertz radiation using two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic lead-trihalide perovskites. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1328. [PMID: 29105661 PMCID: PMC5673065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and modulating terahertz signals is of fundamental importance to allow systems level applications. We demonstrate an innovative approach for controlling the propagation properties of terahertz (THz) radiation, through use of both the excitation optical wavelength (colour) and intensity. We accomplish this using two-dimensional (2D) layered hybrid trihalide perovskites that are deposited onto silicon substrates. The absorption properties of these materials in the visible range can be tuned by changing the number of inorganic atomic layers in between the organic cation layers. Optical absorption in 2D perovskites occurs over a broad spectral range above the bandgap, resulting in free carrier generation, as well as over a narrow spectral range near the bandedge due to exciton formation. We find that only the latter contribution gives rise to photo-induced THz absorption. By patterning multiple 2D perovskites with different optical absorption properties onto a single device, we demonstrate both colour selective modulation and focusing of THz radiation. These findings open new directions for creating active THz devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Chanana
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Yaxin Zhai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sangita Baniya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Ajay Nahata
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, 50 S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Chen YJ, Muñoz Caro GM, Aparicio S, Jiménez-Escobar A, Lasne J, Rosu-Finsen A, McCoustra MRS, Cassidy AM, Field D. Wannier-Mott Excitons in Nanoscale Molecular Ices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:157703. [PMID: 29077429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.157703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of light to create Wannier-Mott excitons is a fundamental feature dictating the optical and photovoltaic properties of low band gap, high permittivity semiconductors. Such excitons, with an electron-hole separation an order of magnitude greater than lattice dimensions, are largely limited to these semiconductors but here we find evidence of Wannier-Mott exciton formation in solid carbon monoxide (CO) with a band gap of >8 eV and a low electrical permittivity. This is established through the observation that a change of a few degrees K in deposition temperature can shift the electronic absorption spectra of solid CO by several hundred wave numbers, coupled with the recent discovery that deposition of CO leads to the spontaneous formation of electric fields within the film. These so-called spontelectric fields, here approaching 4×10^{7} V m^{-1}, are strongly temperature dependent. We find that a simple electrostatic model reproduces the observed temperature dependent spectral shifts based on the Stark effect on a hole and electron residing several nm apart, identifying the presence of Wannier-Mott excitons. The spontelectric effect in CO simultaneously explains the long-standing enigma of the sensitivity of vacuum ultraviolet spectra to the deposition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Chen
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City 32054, Taiwan
| | - G M Muñoz Caro
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. de Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Aparicio
- Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información Leonardo Torres Quevedo, ITEFI (CSIC), c/Serrano 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Jiménez-Escobar
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, P.za Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - J Lasne
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), CNRS UMR 7583, Universités Paris-Est Créteil and Paris Diderot, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France Current address: IMT Lille Douai, Univ. Lille, SAGE-Département Sciences de l'Atmosphère et Génie de l'Environnement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Rosu-Finsen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M R S McCoustra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A M Cassidy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - D Field
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
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28
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Neogi I, Bruno A, Bahulayan D, Goh TW, Ghosh B, Ganguly R, Cortecchia D, Sum TC, Soci C, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar SG. Broadband-Emitting 2 D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Based on Cyclohexane-bis(methylamonium) Cation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3765-3772. [PMID: 28752545 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new broadband-emitting 2 D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (CyBMA)PbBr4 based on highly flexible cis-1,3-bis(methylaminohydrobromide)cyclohexane (CyBMABr) core has been designed, synthesized, and investigated, highlighting the effects of stereoisomerism of the templating cation on the formation and properties of the resulting perovskite. The new 2 D material has high exciton binding energy of 340 meV and a broad emission spanning from 380 to 750 nm, incorporating a prominent excitonic band and a less intense broad peak at room temperature. Significant changes in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum were observed at lower temperatures, showing remarkable enhancement in the intensity of the broadband at the cost of excitonic emission. Temperature-dependent PL mapping indicates the effective role of only a narrow band of excitonic absorption in the generation of the active channel for emission. Based on the evidences obtained from the photophysical investigations, we attributed the evolution of the broad B-band of (CyBMA)PbBr4 to excitonic self-trapped states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Neogi
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Damodaran Bahulayan
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck Wee Goh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cesare Soci
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Subodh Gautam Mhaisalkar
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Koh TM, Huang J, Neogi I, Boix PP, Mhaisalkar SG, Mathews N. High Stability Bilayered Perovskites through Crystallization Driven Self-Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28743-28749. [PMID: 28799740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript we reveal the formation of bilayered hybrid perovskites of a new lower dimensional perovskite family, (CHMA)2(MA)n-1PbnI3 with n = 1-5, with high ambient stability via its crystallization driven self-assembly process. The spun-coated perovskite solution tends to crystallize and undergo phase separation during annealing, resulting in the formation of 2D/3D bilayered hybrid perovskites. Remarkably, this 2D/3D hybrid perovskites possess striking moisture resistance and displays high ambient stability up to 65 days. The bilayered approach in combining 3D and 2D perovskites could lead to a new era of perovskite research for high-efficiency photovoltaics with outstanding stability, with the 3D perovskite providing excellent electronic properties while the 2D perovskite endows it moisture stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N) , Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Junye Huang
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N) , Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Ishita Neogi
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N) , Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Pablo P Boix
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N) , Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Subodh G Mhaisalkar
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N) , Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University (ERI@N) , Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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30
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Varsano D, Giorgi G, Yamashita K, Palummo M. Role of Quantum-Confinement in Anatase Nanosheets. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3867-3873. [PMID: 28766332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite most of the applications of anatase nanostructures rely on photoexcited charge processes, yet profound theoretical understanding of fundamental related properties is lacking. Here, by means of ab initio ground and excited-state calculations, we reveal, in an unambiguous way, the role of quantum confinement effect and of the surface orientation, on the electronic and optical properties of anatase nanosheets (NSs). The presence of bound excitons extremely localized along the (001) direction, whose existence has been recently proven also in anatase bulk, explains the different optical behavior found for the two orientations - (001) and (101) - when the NS thickness increases. We suggest also that the almost two-dimensional nature of these excitons can be related to the improved photoconversion efficiency observed when a high percentage of (001) facet is present in anatase nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Varsano
- Center S3, CNR Institute of Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ambientale, Universitá di Perugia (DICA) , Via G. Duranti, 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Maurizia Palummo
- Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Universitá di Roma "Tor Vergata" Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00173 Roma, Italy
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31
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Fraccarollo A, Canti L, Marchese L, Cossi M. First principles study of 2D layered organohalide tin perovskites. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4985054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Milot RL, Sutton RJ, Eperon GE, Haghighirad AA, Martinez Hardigree J, Miranda L, Snaith HJ, Johnston MB, Herz LM. Charge-Carrier Dynamics in 2D Hybrid Metal-Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7001-7007. [PMID: 27689536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid metal-halide perovskites are promising new materials for use in solar cells; however, their chemical stability in the presence of moisture remains a significant drawback. Quasi two-dimensional (2D) perovskites that incorporate hydrophobic organic interlayers offer improved resistance to degradation by moisture, currently still at the cost of overall cell efficiency. To elucidate the factors affecting the optoelectronic properties of these materials, we have investigated the charge transport properties and crystallographic orientation of mixed methylammonium (MA)-phenylethylammonium (PEA) lead iodide thin films as a function of the MA-to-PEA ratio and, thus, the thickness of the "encapsulated" MA lead-halide layers. We find that monomolecular charge-carrier recombination rates first decrease with increasing PEA fraction, most likely as a result of trap passivation, but then increase significantly as excitonic effects begin to dominate for thin confined layers. Bimolecular and Auger recombination rate constants are found to be sensitive to changes in electronic confinement, which alters the density of states for electronic transitions. We demonstrate that effective charge-carrier mobilities remain remarkably high (near 10 cm2V-1s-1) for intermediate PEA content and are enhanced for preferential orientation of the conducting lead iodide layers along the probing electric field. The trade-off between trap reduction, electronic confinement, and layer orientation leads to calculated charge-carrier diffusion lengths reaching a maximum of 2.5 μm for intermediate PEA content (50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Sutton
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giles E Eperon
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Abbas Haghighirad
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Josue Martinez Hardigree
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Miranda
- Oxford Photovoltaics Ltd. , Unit 6, Begbroke Science Park, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX5 1PF, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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33
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Zhou J, Chu Y, Huang J. Photodetectors Based on Two-Dimensional Layer-Structured Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:25660-25666. [PMID: 27636652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid lead iodide perovskite semiconductors have attracted intense research interests recently because of their easy fabrication processes and high power conversion efficiencies in photovoltaic applications. Layer-structured materials have interesting properties such as quantum confinement effect and tunable band gap due to the unique two-dimensional crystalline structures. ⟨100⟩-oriented layer-structured perovskite materials are inherited from three-dimensional ABX3 perovskite materials with a generalized formula of (RNH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1MnX3n+1, and adopt the Ruddlesden-Popper type crystalline structure. Here we report the synthesis and investigation of three layer-structured perovskite materials with different layer numbers: (C4H9NH3)2PbI4 (n = 1, one-layered perovskite), (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)Pb2I7 (n = 2, two-layered perovskite) and (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)2Pb3I10 (n = 3, three-layered perovskite). Their photoelectronic properties were investigated in related to their molecular structures. Photodetectors based on these two-dimensional (2D) layer-structured perovskite materials showed tunable photoresponse with short response time in milliseconds. The photodetectors based on three-layered perovskite showed better performances than those of the other two devices, in terms of output current, responsivity, Ilight/Idark ratio, and response time, because of its smaller optical band gap and more condensed microstructure comparing the other two materials. These results revealed the relationship between the molecular structures, film microstructures and the photoresponse properties of 2D layer-structured hybrid perovskites, and demonstrated their potentials as flexible, functional, and tunable semiconductors in optoelectronic applications, by taking advantage of their tunable quantum well molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yingli Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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Koh TM, Thirumal K, Soo HS, Mathews N. Multidimensional Perovskites: A Mixed Cation Approach Towards Ambient Stable and Tunable Perovskite Photovoltaics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2541-2558. [PMID: 27629519 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Although halide perovskites are able to deliver high power conversion efficiencies, their ambient stability still remains an obstacle for commercialization. Thus, promoting the ambient stability of perovskites has become a key research focus. In this review, we highlight the sources of instability in conventional 3 D perovskites, including water intercalation, ion migration, and thermal decomposition. Recently, the multidimensional perovskites approach has become one of the most promising strategies to enhance the stability of perovskites. As compared to pure 2 D perovskites, multidimensional perovskites typically possess more ideal band gaps, better charge transport, and lower exciton binding energy, which are essential for photovoltaic applications. The larger organic cations in multidimensional perovskites could also be more chemically stable at higher temperatures than the commonly used methylammonium cation. By combining 3 D and 2 D perovskites to form multidimensional perovskites, halide perovskite photovoltaics can attain both high efficiency and increased stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Ming Koh
- Energy Research Institute at, Nanyang Technological University (ERIAN), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Krishnamoorthy Thirumal
- Energy Research Institute at, Nanyang Technological University (ERIAN), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Han Sen Soo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Nripan Mathews
- Energy Research Institute at, Nanyang Technological University (ERIAN), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block Level 5, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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35
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Bass KK, Estergreen L, Savory CN, Buckeridge J, Scanlon DO, Djurovich PI, Bradforth SE, Thompson ME, Melot BC. Vibronic Structure in Room Temperature Photoluminescence of the Halide Perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:42-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey K. Bass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Laura Estergreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Christopher N. Savory
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - John Buckeridge
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - David O. Scanlon
- Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter I. Djurovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Brent C. Melot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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36
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Hu Y, Schlipf J, Wussler M, Petrus ML, Jaegermann W, Bein T, Müller-Buschbaum P, Docampo P. Hybrid Perovskite/Perovskite Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5999-6007. [PMID: 27228558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells combine low-cost fabrication and high power conversion efficiency. Advances in perovskite film optimization have led to an outstanding power conversion efficiency of more than 20%. Looking forward, shifting the focus toward new device architectures holds great potential to induce the next leap in device performance. Here, we demonstrate a perovskite/perovskite heterojunction solar cell. We developed a facile solution-based cation infiltration process to deposit layered perovskite (LPK) structures onto methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) films. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed to gain insights into the crystallite orientation and the formation process of the perovskite bilayer. Our results show that the self-assembly of the LPK layer on top of an intact MAPI layer is accompanied by a reorganization of the perovskite interface. This leads to an enhancement of the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency due to reduced recombination losses, as well as improved moisture stability in the resulting photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Johannes Schlipf
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Wussler
- Department of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Darmstadt University of Technology , Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michiel L Petrus
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- Department of Materials Science, Surface Science Division, Darmstadt University of Technology , Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pablo Docampo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), LMU Munich , Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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