1
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Hong SH, Kim YM, Moon HC. Dynamic Metal-Ligand Coordination-Assisted Ionogels for Deformable Alternating Current Electroluminescent Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37257072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the trade-off between the mechanical robustness and conductivity of ionic conductors is a crucial challenge for deformable ionotronics. In this work, we propose a simple but effective gelation strategy for selectively improving the mechanical robustness of ionogels without compromising their ionic conductivity. To achieve this, we introduce dynamic metal-ligand coordination chemistry into the ionic liquid (IL)-insoluble domains of a physically crosslinked ionogel network structure. As a result, the overall mechanical property is remarkably improved with the aid of additional chemical crosslinking. This strategy does not require any additional heat/light (UV) treatments to induce chemical crosslinking. The homogeneous physically/chemically dual crosslinked ionogel films can be readily obtained by simply casting a solution containing Ni2+ sources, copolymer gelators, and ILs. The effects of adjusting fundamental parameters on the ionogel properties are investigated systematically. The optimized mechanically robust and highly conductive ionogels are successfully employed as deformable ionic electrodes in alternating-current electroluminescent displays, indicating their high practicality. Overall, these results validate that exploiting metal-ligand coordination dynamic bonding is an extremely straightforward strategy for selectively improving the mechanical characteristics of conductive ionogels, which are promising platforms for deformable ionotronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hyuk Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chen Q, Zhao J, Zheng J, Xu C. Antifreezing and self-healing organohydrogels regulated by ethylene glycol towards customizable electrochromic displays. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Cai Q, Yan H, Yao R, Luo D, Li M, Zhong J, Yang Y, Qiu T, Ning H, Peng J. From Traditional to Novel Printed Electrochromic Devices: Material, Structure and Device. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1039. [PMID: 36363594 PMCID: PMC9695232 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic materials have been considered as a new way to achieve energy savings in the building sector due to their potential applications in smart windows, cars, aircrafts, etc. However, the high cost of manufacturing ECDs using the conventional manufacturing methods has limited its commercialization. It is the advantages of low cost as well as resource saving, green environment protection, flexibility and large area production that make printing electronic technology fit for manufacturing electrochromic devices. This paper reviews the progress of research on printed electrochromic devices (ECDs), detailing the preparation of ECDs by screen printing, inkjet printing and 3D printing, using the scientific properties of discrete definition printing method. Up to now, screen printing holds the largest share in the electrochromic industry due to its low cost and large ink output nature, which makes it suitable especially for printing on large surfaces. Though inkjet printing has the advantages of high precision and the highest coloration efficiency (CE) can be up to 542 ± 10 cm2C-1, it has developed smoothly, and has not shown rigid needs. Inkjet printing is suitable for the personalized printing production of high precision and small batch electronic devices. Since 3D printing is a new manufacturing technology in the 21st century, with the characteristics of integrated molding and being highly controllable, which make it suitable for customized printing of complex devices, such as all kinds of sensors, it has gained increasing attention in the past decade. Finally, the possibility of combining screen printing with inkjet printing to produce high performance ECDs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haoyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rihui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongxiang Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Huangpu Hydrogen Innovation Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Muyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinyao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Honglong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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4
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Abstract
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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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5
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Howard EL, Österholm AM, Shen DE, Panchumarti LP, Pinheiro C, Reynolds JR. Cost-Effective, Flexible, and Colorful Dynamic Displays: Removing Underlying Conducting Layers from Polymer-Based Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16732-16743. [PMID: 33788540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC) materials and devices provide a user-controlled, dynamic way of displaying information using low power, making them interesting for a range of applications in numerous markets, including logistics, retail, consumer goods, and health care. To optimize the cost while simplifying the production, expanding the color space, and enhancing the contrast and vibrancy of EC displays aimed for cost-sensitive products, we sought to reduce the number of layers as well as remove the underlying conducting layer that accounts for a substantial fraction of the cost of a printed label. Here, we show how conjugated electrochromic polymers, which are inherently semiconducting, can be used to accomplish this goal and afford printable EC displays with a flexible form factor. Using a combination of electrochemical probes, in situ spectroscopy, solid-state conductivity, and in situ conductance measurements, we have studied and compared five different EC polymers with conductivities spanning multiple orders of magnitude and colors that span most of the visible range, identifying polymers and properties that allow for switching from the colored to the clear state without an underlying conducting layer. Finally, we incorporate these EC polymers into optimized flexible devices without an underlying conductor and demonstrate that they are able to provide on-demand, reversible colored-to-clear switching on the order of seconds to minutes, with operating voltages below ±1 V, optical memories exceeding 60 min, and a shelf-life exceeding 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin L Howard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Ynvisible Interactive Inc., Engesserstrasse 4a, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Anna M Österholm
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - D Eric Shen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - L Prerana Panchumarti
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- Ynvisible Interactive Inc., Engesserstrasse 4a, 79108 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - John R Reynolds
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Tech Polymer Network, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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6
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Laschuk NO, Ahmad R, Ebralidze II, Poisson J, Easton EB, Zenkina OV. Multichromic Monolayer Terpyridine-Based Electrochromic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41749-41757. [PMID: 32870639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The article describes novel electrochromic materials (ECMs) that are based on a monolayer consisting of two or three isostructural metal complexes of 4'-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine simultaneously deposited on surface-enhanced support. The support was made by screen printing of indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles on ITO-glass and has a surface area sufficient for a monolayer to give color visible to the naked eye. The ability to separately electrochemically address the oxidation state of the metal centers on the surface (i.e., Co2+/Co3+, Os2+/Os3+, and Fe2+/Fe3+) provides an opportunity to achieve several distinct color-to-color transitions, thus opening the door for constructing monolayer-based multicolor ECMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia O Laschuk
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Rana Ahmad
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Iraklii I Ebralidze
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Jade Poisson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - E Bradley Easton
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
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7
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Lv X, Xu X, Zhang Y, Wright DS, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Highly transparent TiO 2 nanowires as charge-balancing layers for assembling electrochromic devices: effect of thickness on electrode potentials and electrochromic performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:355201. [PMID: 32408277 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab932a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanowires with high transparency and good ion storage capacity were explored as the charge-balancing layers for assembling electrochromic devices (ECDs). Increase thickness of TiO2 nanowires layer lowers the driving potential of the entire ECDs accompanied with reduced potential at the EC layer electrode, which further leads to decreased optical contrast and switching speed of the ECDs. Meanwhile, it can be found that the EC layer electrodes possess larger charge densities than those of TiO2 nanowire electrodes during the electrochemical redox process of these ECDs. However, the intrinsic injection and extraction charge densities of each single electrode are similar, which appears that the intrinsic charge balance of EC layer and TiO2 nanowires electrodes play more important role in the cycling stability of the ECDs. ECD with an optimum thickness of the TiO2 nanowires layer exhibits good electrochromic properties in term of high optical contrast (∼45%), fast switching speed (3.23 s) and excellent cycling stability (which has nearly no decay after 5000 cycles). This study explores the effects of thickness of TiO2 Nanowires layer on electrode potentials and electrochromic properties of electrochromic devices (ECDs), providing a potentially new direction for the preparation of ECDs with good integrated performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lv
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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In YR, Kim YM, Lee Y, Choi WY, Kim SH, Lee SW, Moon HC. Ultra-Low Power Electrochromic Heat Shutters Through Tailoring Diffusion-Controlled Behaviors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30635-30642. [PMID: 32519836 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose low power consumption, all-in-one type electrochromic devices (ECDs) for effective heat shutters. Considering diffusion-controlled device operation, polymeric viologens (poly-viologens) are synthesized to lower the diffusivity of EC chromophores and to minimize self-bleaching. In comparison with devices based on mono-viologens corresponding to the monomer of poly-viologens, poly-viologen-containing ECDs exhibit advantages of lower coloration voltage (ca, -0.55 V) and higher coloration/bleaching cyclic stability (>1500 cycles). In particular, poly-viologen ECDs show remarkably reduced self-bleaching as designed, resulting in extremely low power consumption (∼8.3 μW/cm2) to maintain the colored state. Moreover, we successfully demonstrate solar heat shutters that suppress the increment of indoor temperature by taking the advantage of low-power operation and near-IR absorption of the colored poly-viologen-based ECDs. Overall, these results imply that the control of the diffusivity of EC chromophores is an effective methodology for achieving single-layered, low-power electrochemical heat shutters that can save indoor cooling energy when applied as smart windows for buildings or vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ryeong In
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, North Gyeongsang 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, North Gyeongsang 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, North Gyeongsang 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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9
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Zou X, Wang Y, Tan Y, Pan J, Niu J, Jia C. Achieved RGBY Four Colors Changeable Electrochromic Pixel by Coelectrodeposition of Iron Hexacyanoferrate and Molybdate Hexacyanoferrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29432-29442. [PMID: 32470285 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although multicolor electrochromic materials and devices have been studied by many researchers, there is still none an inorganic single-layer film that has red, blue, and green three typical color states, while red, green, and blue (RGB) are indispensably for multicolor display. Iron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) is a kind of well-studied inorganic electrochromic material with relatively colorful properties and a great family of analogues. In this Research Article, the RGBY film with red, green, blue and yellow four typical color states are obtained successfully by coelectrodeposition of FeHCF and molybdate hexacyanoferrate (MoOHCF). This film contains the electrochromic properties of both components. Moreover, benefiting from its high A+ (alkali cation ions that can insert/extract into/from the framework, such as Li+ and K+) content, the redox process of RGBY film can be fully completed to achieve rich color variation. The absorptivity adjustment range of RGBY film at 730 and 440 nm are 0.81 and 0.43, respectively. The response time of RGBY films varies from 3 to 30 s between states and maintains its optical properties without significant decay during 1000 cycles. Finally, a pixelated electrode and a facile electrochromic device based on RGBY film have been developed to exhibit its high application potential in nonemission display field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
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10
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Yoshida T, Bera MK, Narayana YSLV, Mondal S, Abe H, Higuchi M. Electrochromic Os-based metallo-supramolecular polymers: electronic state tracking by in situ XAFS, IR, and impedance spectroscopies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24691-24696. [PMID: 35516189 PMCID: PMC9055175 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03236k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the electronic states of Os-based metallo-supramolecular polymers (poly(OsL)2+) during electrochromism were tracked by in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), infrared (IR), and impedance spectroscopies. The XAFS spectra suggested electronic charge migration in the polymer, and the in situ spectra revealed reversible changes caused by electrochemical redox reactions. The IR spectra of the polymers showed an IVCT band, and we also confirmed the reversible changes by applying a voltage to the redox cell. During the impedance measurements, we found a drastic decrease in the charge transfer resistance (RCT) of the polymer films near the electrochemical redox potential. In this study, the electronic states of Os-based metallo-supramolecular polymers (poly(OsL)2+) during electrochromism were tracked by in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), infrared (IR), and impedance spectroscopies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Manas Kumar Bera
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yemineni S L V Narayana
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Sanjoy Mondal
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.,Department of Materials Structure Science, School of High Energy Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Ibaraki University 2-1-1 Bunkyo Mito Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
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11
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Bera MK, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Constructing Alternated Heterobimetallic [Fe(II)/Os(II)] Supramolecular Polymers with Diverse Solubility for Facile Fabrication of Voltage-Tunable Multicolor Electrochromic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14376-14385. [PMID: 32150376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallo-supramolecular polymer (MSP)-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) have drawn much attention because of their variable colors and attractive electrochromic (EC) properties. However, fabrication of voltage-tunable multicolor ECDs using single MSP is yet hard to realize. We anticipated alternate introduction of two different redox-active metal ions in an MSP combined with the adjustment of counteranions could be a solution to fabricate multicolor ECDs. The heterometals will induce color variability upon voltage alteration, and counteranions will help to tune the solubility of MSP in different solvents. In an attempt to fulfill this target, we have synthesized four heterobimetallic supramolecular polymers (HBPs) having different counteranions (BF4-, Cl-, PF6-, and OAc-), in which Fe(II) and Os(II) are alternately complexed by two terpyridine units. To apply as EC material, the HBPs should be soluble in methanol and insoluble in acetonitrile for the preparation of EC film as well as ECDs. However, among the HBPs, only HBP-OAc is found to meet this requirement. The EC behaviors of the spray-coating film of HBP-OAc on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate are investigated in terms of maximum transmittance contrast, coloration voltage, response time, coloration efficiency, and operational stability, which exhibits reversible multicolor electrochromism (the initial purple color of the film is changed to violet followed by greenish-yellow) upon alteration of the voltage from 0.0 to 0.7 V [required to oxidize the Os(II) ion] and to 1.0 V [required to oxidize the Fe(II) ion]. The film is also integrated into a laminated ECD by using lithium-based gel electrolyte. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, a prototype voltage-tunable multicolor EC display (6 cm × 2.5 cm) is fabricated by using a designed image containing a flower, leaves, and a flower pot, which exhibits six different types of multicolor image upon application of tunable voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Bera
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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12
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Li X, Yun TY, Kim KW, Kim SH, Moon HC. Voltage-Tunable Dual Image of Electrostatic Force-Assisted Dispensing Printed, Tungsten Trioxide-Based Electrochromic Devices with a Symmetric Configuration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4022-4030. [PMID: 31880422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic force-assisted dispensing (EFAD)-printed tungsten trioxide (WO3)-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) displaying a dual image depending on the applied voltage are demonstrated. We first print WO3 via EFAD printing, in which the width of the printed lines can be tuned by adjusting the printing speed. The performance of the ECDs is characterized while varying the thickness of the printed WO3 film. It is determined that ∼550 nm thick WO3 is the optimal film considering maximum transmittance contrast (ΔTmax), device dynamic responses, efficiency, and long-term coloration/bleaching cyclic stability. More significantly, the coloration of the devices in this work can alternatively appear due to the use of electrolyte-soluble anodic species (here, dimethyl ferrocene, dmFc), for which WO3 films should be deposited on both electrodes and a part of the electrodes should be exposed to the electrolyte for the oxidation of dmFc. To take advantage of such features of the devices, we successfully demonstrate EFAD-printed, flexible WO3 ECDs alternately displaying a dual image, which is expected to have high potential as a functional component of printed electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Li
- College of Electromechanical Engineering , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Tae Yong Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Keon-Woo Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , North Gyeongsang 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , North Gyeongsang 38541 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
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13
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Yumiyama R, Hyakutake D, Hagiwara M, Hosono E, Matsuda H, Fujihara S. Chemical bath deposition of transparent ZnO films incorporated with erythrosine B molecules and their synergetic electro/photochromic properties. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00167h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synergetic electro/photochromism was observed in transparent erythrosine B/ZnO hybrid films fabricated by a chemical bath deposition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryousuke Yumiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Daiki Hyakutake
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Manabu Hagiwara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Eiji Hosono
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba 305-8568
- Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsuda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba 305-8568
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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14
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Yoshida T, Ninomiya Y, Higuchi M. Reversible four-color electrochromism triggered by the electrochemical multi-step redox of Cr-based metallo-supramolecular polymers. RSC Adv 2020; 10:10904-10909. [PMID: 35492949 PMCID: PMC9050427 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Four color electrochromism (yellow, magenta, blue, and navy) has been achieved in Cr(iii)-based metallo-supramolecular polymers (polyCr), which were synthesized by 1 : 1 complexation of Cr ions and 1,4-di[[2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridin]-4′-yl]benzene (L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ninomiya
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
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15
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Oh H, Lee JK, Kim YM, Yun TY, Jeong U, Moon HC. User-Customized, Multicolor, Transparent Electrochemical Displays Based on Oxidatively Tuned Electrochromic Ion Gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45959-45968. [PMID: 31724389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transparent displays have emerged as a class of cutting-edge electronics. Here, we propose user-customized, design-it-yourself (DIY) transparent displays based on electrochromic (EC) ion gels including viologens. To achieve multiple colors and enhance the functionality of EC displays (ECDs), the incorporation of several EC chromophores is inevitable. However, the issue related to the discrepancy of coloration voltages is inherent due to the different electrochemical characteristics of each material, causing unbalance of the color contrast. To overcome this problem without significantly affecting the performance of ECDs, we suggest a simple but effective strategy by adjusting the oxidation activity of electrolyte-soluble anodic species (i.e., ferrocene (Fc) derivatives) by modifying pendant groups. We systematically investigated the effects of the employed Fc derivatives on the EC behaviors of ECDs in terms of the coloration voltage, maximum transmittance contrast, device dynamics, coloration efficiency, and operational stability. We determine the conditions for implementing red-green-blue (RGB) colors with comparable intensities at similar voltages. Last, we draw images using RGB EC inks for conceptual demonstration of the DIY transparent displays. The fabricated ECDs exhibit transparent bleached states and user-customized images in the colored states. Overall, this result implies that the extremely simple DIY ECDs, which do not require conventional lithography or printing, have great potential as future transparent displays that can be easily customized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro , Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul 02504 , Republic of Korea
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16
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Near-infrared electrochromism of multilayer films of a cyclometalated diruthenium complex prepared by layer-by-layer deposition on metal oxide substrates. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Phase transfer reaction for the preparation of stable polymer-quantum dot conjugates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Efficient blue-to-transmissive electrochromic transitions of alkylated quinoxaline-thiophene based donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Yoshida T, Higuchi M. Diversity in Design of Electrochromic Devices with Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer: Multi-Patterned and Tube-Shaped Displays. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2018. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.31.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Yoshida
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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20
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Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have aroused great interest because of their potential applicability in displays and smart systems, including windows, rearview mirrors, and helmet visors. In the last decades, different device structures and materials have been proposed to meet the requirements of commercial applications to boost market entry. To this end, employing simple device architectures and achieving a competitive electrolyte are crucial to accomplish easily implementable, high-performance ECDs. The present review outlines devices comprising gel electrolytes as a single electroactive layer ("all-in-one") ECD architecture, highlighting some advantages and opportunities they offer over other electrochromic systems. In this context, gel electrolytes not only overcome the drawbacks of liquid and solid electrolytes, such as liquid's low chemical stability and risk of leaking and soil's slow switching and lack of transparency, but also exhibit further strengths. These include easier processability, suitability for flexible substrates, and improved stabilization of the chemical species involved in redox processes, leading to better cyclability and opening wide possibilities to extend the electrochromic color palette, as discussed herein. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided.
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21
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Konda M, Maiti S, Jadhav RG, Das AK. Redox-Active Peptide-Functionalized Quinquethiophene-Based Electrochromic π-Gel. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:204-209. [PMID: 29266836 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An electrochromic system based on a self-assembled dipeptide-appended redox-active quinquethiophene π-gel is reported. The designed peptide-quinquethiophene consists of a symmetric bolaamphiphile that has two segments: a redox-active π-conjugated quinquethiophene core for electrochromism, and peptide motif for the involvement of molecular self-assembly. Investigations reveal that self-assembly and electrochromic properties of the π-gel are strongly dependent on the relative orientation of peptidic and quinquethiophene scaffolds in the self-assembly system. The colors of the π-gel film are very stable with fast and controlled switching speed at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruthi Konda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Sayan Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Rohit G Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Apurba K Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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22
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Wang B, Jacquet M, Wang K, Xiong K, Yan M, Courtois J, Royal G. pH-Induced fragmentation of colloids based on responsive self-assembled copper(ii) metallopolymers. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj05100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Responsive colloids made from copper(ii) coordination polymers are readily dissolved in acidic medium following a controlled depolymerization of the polymer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Margot Jacquet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250)
- F38400 Grenoble
- France
| | - Kunzhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Kun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Minhao Yan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Jérémie Courtois
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
| | - Guy Royal
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- China
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250)
- F38400 Grenoble
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23
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Allan JTS, Quaranta S, Ebralidze II, Egan JG, Poisson J, Laschuk NO, Gaspari F, Easton EB, Zenkina OV. Terpyridine-Based Monolayer Electrochromic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40438-40445. [PMID: 29076345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel electrochromic (EC) materials were developed and formed by a two-step chemical deposition process. First, a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridin-4'-ylphosphonic acid, L, was deposited on the surface of a nanostructured conductive indium-tin oxide (ITO) screen-printed support by simple submerging of the support into an aqueous solution of L. Further reaction of the SAM with Fe or Ru ions results in the formation of a monolayer of the redox-active metal complex covalently bound to the ITO support (Fe-L/ITO and Ru-L/ITO, respectively). These novel light-reflective EC materials demonstrate a high color difference, significant durability, and fast switching speed. The Fe-based material shows an excellent change of optical density and coloration efficiency. The results of thermogravimetric analysis suggest high thermal stability of the materials. Indeed, the EC characteristics do not change significantly after heating of Fe-L/ITO at 100 °C for 1 week, confirming the excellent stability and high EC reversibility. The proposed fabrication approach that utilizes interparticle porosity of the support and requires as low as a monolayer of EC active molecule benefits from the significant molecular economy when compared with traditional polymer-based EC devices and is significantly less time-consuming than layer-by-layer growth of coordination-based molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T S Allan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Simone Quaranta
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Iraklii I Ebralidze
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn G Egan
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Jade Poisson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Nadia O Laschuk
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Franco Gaspari
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - E Bradley Easton
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology , 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario L1H 7K4, Canada
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24
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Liu HS, Chang WC, Chou CY, Pan BC, Chou YS, Liou GS, Liu CL. Controllable Electrochromic Polyamide Film and Device Produced by Facile Ultrasonic Spray-coating. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11982. [PMID: 28931845 PMCID: PMC5607338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally stable TPA-OMe polyamide films with high transmittance modulation in response to applied potential are formed by facile ultrasonic spray-coating. Four processing conditions (Film A, Film B, Film C and Film D) through tuning both solution concentrations and deposition temperatures can be utilized for the formation of wet and dry deposited films with two film thickness intervals. The electrochromic results show that the dry deposited rough films at higher deposition temperature generally reveal a faster electrochromic response, lower charge requirements (Q) and less conspicuous color changes (smaller optical density change (ΔOD) and lightness change (ΔL*)) during the oxidation process as compared to the wet deposited smooth films at lower deposition temperature. Moreover, thicker electrochromic films from increased solution concentration exhibit more obvious changes between coloration and bleaching transition. All these four polyamide films display colorless-to-turquoise electrochromic switching with good redox stability. The large scale patterned electrochromic film and its application for assembled device (10 × 10 cm2 in size) are also produced and reversibly operated for color changes. These represent a major solution-processing technique produced by ultrasonic spray-coating method towards scalable and cost-effective production, allowing more freedoms to facilitate the designed electrochromic devices as required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Shen Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yen Chou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan.
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25
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Synthesis and characterization of dual-colored electrochromic materials based on 4′-(4-alkyl ester)-4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridinium derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Li ZJ, Shao JY, Zhong YW. Near-Infrared and Two-Wavelength Electrochromism Based on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films Functionalized with Ruthenium-Amine Conjugated Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8538-8546. [PMID: 28654287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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27
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Park H, Kim DS, Hong SY, Kim C, Yun JY, Oh SY, Jin SW, Jeong YR, Kim GT, Ha JS. A skin-integrated transparent and stretchable strain sensor with interactive color-changing electrochromic displays. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7631-7640. [PMID: 28540957 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02147j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the development of a stretchable, transparent, and skin-attachable strain sensor integrated with a flexible electrochromic device as a human skin-inspired interactive color-changing system. The strain sensor consists of a spin-coated conductive nanocomposite film of poly(vinyl alcohol)/multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The sensor exhibits excellent performance of high sensitivity, high durability, fast response, and high transparency. An electrochromic device (ECD) made of electrochemically synthesized polyaniline nanofibers and V2O5 on an indium-tin-oxide-coated polyethylene terephthalate film experiences a change in color from yellow to dark blue on application of voltage. The strain sensor and ECD are integrated on skin via an Arduino circuit for an interactive color change with the variation of the applied strain, which enables a real-time visual display of body motion. This integrated system demonstrates high potential for use in interactive wearable devices, military applications, and smart robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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28
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Yang X, Liu C, Guo J, Wang L, Nie G. A Free-standing electrochromic material of poly(5,7-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-indole) and its application in electrochromic device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Changlong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Nie
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker, Ministry of Education; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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29
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Oh H, Seo DG, Yun TY, Kim CY, Moon HC. Voltage-Tunable Multicolor, Sub-1.5 V, Flexible Electrochromic Devices Based on Ion Gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:7658-7665. [PMID: 28134507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-tunable multicolor electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated based on flexible ion gels consisting of copolymers and ionic liquids as an electrolyte layer. Dimethyl ferrocene (dmFc) is incorporated into the gel, which serves as an anodic species. In this study, two electrochromic (EC) materials, monoheptyl viologen (MHV+) and diheptyl viologen (DHV2+), are employed and show significantly different EC behavior despite the similar chemical structure. Both MHV+- and DHV2+-containing ECDs are slightly yellowish in the bleached state, whereas the colored states are magenta and blue, respectively. All devices have good coloration efficiency of 87.5 cm2/C (magenta) and 91.3 cm2/C (blue). In addition, the required power of ∼248 μW/cm2 (magenta) and ∼72 μW/cm2 (blue) to maintain the colored state put the ion gel-based ECDs in a class of ultralow power consumption displays. On the basis of the distinct difference in the coloration voltage range between MHV+ and DHV2+, and the rubbery character of the gel, flexible ECDs showing multiple colors are demonstrated. These results imply that voltage-tunable multicolor ECDs based on the gel are attractive to functional electrochemical displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yong Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Chul Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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30
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Cao L, Fang G, Wang Y. Electroreduction of Viologen Phenyl Diazonium Salts as a Strategy To Control Viologen Coverage on Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:980-987. [PMID: 28044444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A majority of the reported electrografting of aryldiazonium salts result in the formation of covalently attached films with a limited surface coverage of below 5 nmol·cm-2. Herein, we report the preparation of higher-thickness redox-active viologen-grafted electrodes from the electroreduction of viologen phenyl diazonium salts, by either cyclic voltammetric (CV) sweeps or electrolysis using a fixed potential. Both of the methodologies were successfully applied for various conductive surfaces, including glassy carbon (GC), gold disc, indium tin oxide glass, mesoporous TiO2 electrodes, and 3D compacted carbon fibers. A robust maximal viologen coverage, Γviologen = 9.5 nmol·cm-2, was achieved on a GC electrode by CV electroreduction. Electroreduction held at a fixed potential at Eappl. = -0.3 V can fabricate viologen-grafted electrodes with Γviologen in the range of 0-37 nmol·cm-2 in a controllable way, by simply adjusting the electrodeposition time tappl.. Time-dependent Γviologen were found to be 10 nmol·cm-2@2 min, 20 nmol·cm-2@4.2 min, and 30 nmol·cm-2@7 min. Furthermore, a TiO2 electrode coupled with Γviologen of 140 nmol·cm-2 exhibited electrochromic performance, with the color changing from pale yellow to blue and red brown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcheng Cao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fangzheng Avenue 266, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Gan Fang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fangzheng Avenue 266, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yuechuan Wang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Sichuan University , South Section of 1st Ring Road 24, Chengdu 610065, China
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31
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Goto D, Yamamoto S, Sagisaka T, Shinoda M, Kaneko, F, Yutani K, Takauji K, Okada Y, Yashiro T. Printed Multi-color Devices using Oxidative Electrochromic Materials. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2017. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.30.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Goto
- Ricoh Institute of Future Technology, Ricoh Co., Ltd
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keigo Takauji
- Ricoh Institute of Future Technology, Ricoh Co., Ltd
| | | | - Tohru Yashiro
- Ricoh Institute of Future Technology, Ricoh Co., Ltd
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32
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Tremblay MH, Gellé A, Skene WG. Ambipolar azomethines as potential cathodic color switching materials. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01732k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation and reduction reversibility along with the electrochemically mediated color change of triad azomethines were contingent on the central aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués
- Département de Chimie
- Pavillon JA Bombardier
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
| | - Alexandra Gellé
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués
- Département de Chimie
- Pavillon JA Bombardier
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués
- Département de Chimie
- Pavillon JA Bombardier
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
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33
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Kim D, Kim J, Ko Y, Shim K, Kim JH, You J. A Facile Approach for Constructing Conductive Polymer Patterns for Application in Electrochromic Devices and Flexible Microelectrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33175-33182. [PMID: 27934196 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel strategy for fabricating poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) patterns on various substrates, including hydrogels, via sequential solution procedure without multistep chemical etching or lift-off processes. First, PEDOT nanothin films were prepared on a glass substrate by solution phase monomer casting and oxidative polymerization. As a second step, after UV-induced poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) photolithography at the PEDOT/PEG interface through a photomask, the hydrogel was peeled away from the PEDOT-coated glass substrate to detach the UV-exposed PEDOT region, which left the UV nonexposed PEDOT region intact on the glass substrate, resulting in PEDOT patterns. In a final step, the PEDOT patterns were cleanly transferred from the glass to a flexible hydrogel substrate by a direct-transfer process based on a second round of gelation process. Using this strategy, PEDOT patterns on ITO glass or ITO film were used to successfully fabricate an electrochromic (EC) device that exhibited stable electrochromic switching as a function of applied potential. Furthermore, PEDOT patterns on hydrogel were used to fabricate all organic, flexible microelectrodes with good electrical properties and excellent mechanical flexibility. Importantly, the conductivity of PEDOT patterns on hydrogel (ca. 235 S cm-1) described here is significantly higher than that previously reported (ca. 20-70 S cm-1). This approach can be easily integrated into various technological fabrication steps for the development of next-generation bioelectronics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabum Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Youngsang Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
| | - Kyubin Shim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jungmok You
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University , 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
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Alamán J, Alicante R, Peña JI, Sánchez-Somolinos C. Inkjet Printing of Functional Materials for Optical and Photonic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E910. [PMID: 28774032 PMCID: PMC5457235 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inkjet printing, traditionally used in graphics, has been widely investigated as a valuable tool in the preparation of functional surfaces and devices. This review focuses on the use of inkjet printing technology for the manufacturing of different optical elements and photonic devices. The presented overview mainly surveys work done in the fabrication of micro-optical components such as microlenses, waveguides and integrated lasers; the manufacturing of large area light emitting diodes displays, liquid crystal displays and solar cells; as well as the preparation of liquid crystal and colloidal crystal based photonic devices working as lasers or optical sensors. Special emphasis is placed on reviewing the materials employed as well as in the relevance of inkjet in the manufacturing of the different devices showing in each of the revised technologies, main achievements, applications and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alamán
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- BSH, Polígono Industrial de PLA-ZA, Ronda del Canal Imperial de Aragón, 18-20, Zaragoza 50197, Spain.
| | - Raquel Alicante
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | - Jose Ignacio Peña
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales y Fluidos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./María de Luna 3, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Somolinos
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C./Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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Lu HC, Kao SY, Yu HF, Chang TH, Kung CW, Ho KC. Achieving Low-Energy Driven Viologens-Based Electrochromic Devices Utilizing Polymeric Ionic Liquids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:30351-30361. [PMID: 27726326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, three kinds of viologens-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) (heptyl viologen (HV(BF4)2), octyl viologen (OV(BF4)2), and nonyl viologen (NV(BF4)2)) were fabricated utilizing ferrocene (Fc) as a redox mediator. Among them, the NV(BF4)2-based ECD exhibits the highest coloration efficiency (36.2 cm2/C) owing to the lowest driving energy. Besides, switching between 0 and 1.2 V, the NV(BF4)2-based ECD shows a desirable initial transmittance change (ΔT = 56.7% at 605 nm), and long-term stability (ΔT = 45.4% after 4000 cycles). Furthermore, a UV-cured polymer electrolyte containing polymeric ionic liquid (PIL, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) was introduced to the NV(BF4)2-based ECD. By controlling the weight percentage of the PIL, different curing degrees of the polymer electrolytes were obtained and led to an improved stability of the NV(BF4)2-based ECD because of the immobilization of NV(BF4)2. This observation was explained by calculating the apparent diffusivity (Dapp) of the redox species in the NV(BF4)2-based ECD under various curing degrees. In addition, increasing the amount of PIL leads to a lower driven energy needed for the NV(BF4)2-based ECD, following the same trend as the value of Dapp. Among all NV(BF4)2-based ECDs, 20 wt % of PIL addition (20-PIL ECD) exhibits large transmittance change (ΔT = 55.2% at 605 nm), short switching times (2.13 s in coloring and 2.10 s in bleaching), high coloration efficiency (60.4 and 273.5 cm2/C at 605 nm, after excluding the current density at the steady state), and exceptional cycling stability (ΔT = 53.8% after 10,000 cycles, or retained 97.5% of its initial ΔT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Che Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Kao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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