1
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Díaz-Coello S, Winkler D, Griesser C, Moser T, Rodríguez J, Kunze-Liebhäuser J, García G, Pastor E. Highly Active W 2C-Based Composites for the HER in Alkaline Solution: the Role of Surface Oxide Species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21877-21884. [PMID: 38648335 PMCID: PMC11071040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a crucial electrochemical process for the proposed hydrogen economy since it has the potential to provide pure hydrogen for fuel cells. Nowadays, hydrogen electroproduction is considerably expensive, so promoting the development of new non-noble catalysts for the cathode of alkaline electrolyzers appears as a suitable way to reduce the costs of this technology. In this sense, a series of tungsten-based carbide materials have been synthesized by the urea-glass route as candidates to improve the HER in alkaline media. Moreover, two different pyridinium-based ionic liquids were employed to modify the surface of the carbide grains and control the amount and nature of their surface species. The main results indicate that the catalyst surface composition is modified in the hybrid materials, which are then distinguished by the appearance of tungsten suboxide structures. This implies the action of ionic liquids as reducing agents. Consequently, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is used to precisely determine the onset potentials and rate-determining steps (RDS) for the HER in alkaline media. Remarkably, the modified surfaces show high catalytic performance (overpotentials between 45 and 60 mV) and RDS changes from Heyrovsky-Volmer to Heyrovsky as the surface oxide structures get reduced. H2O molecule reduction is then faster at tungsten suboxide, which allows the formation of the adsorbed hydrogen at the surface, boosting the catalytic activity and the kinetics of the alkaline HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Díaz-Coello
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - D. Winkler
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - C. Griesser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - T. Moser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - J.L. Rodríguez
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - J. Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - G. García
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - E. Pastor
- Institute
of Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of La Laguna, PO Box 456, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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2
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Shakibi Nia N, Griesser C, Mairegger T, Wernig EM, Bernardi J, Portenkirchner E, Penner S, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Titanium Oxycarbide as Platinum-Free Electrocatalyst for Ethanol Oxidation. ACS Catal 2024; 14:324-329. [PMID: 38205023 PMCID: PMC10775143 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The compound material titanium oxycarbide (TiOC) is found to be an effective electrocatalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to CO2. The complete course of this reaction is one of the main challenges in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). While TiOC has previously been investigated as catalyst support material only, in this study we show that TiOC alone is able to oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde without the need of expensive noble metal catalysts like Pt. It is suggested that this behavior is attributed to the presence of both undercoordinated sites, which allow ethanol to adsorb, and oxygenated sites, which facilitate the activation of water. This is a milestone in DEFC research and development and opens up innovative possibilities for the design of catalyst materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Shakibi Nia
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Griesser
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Mairegger
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Wernig
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- USTEM, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionalle 2, 1020 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Simon Penner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Kosmala T, Baby A, Lunardon M, Perilli D, Liu H, Durante C, Di Valentin C, Agnoli S, Granozzi G. Operando visualization of the hydrogen evolution reaction with atomic-scale precision at different metal–graphene interfaces. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00682-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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4
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Penner S. How the in situ monitoring of bulk crystalline phases during catalyst activation results in a better understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. CrystEngComm 2021; 23:6470-6480. [PMID: 34602861 PMCID: PMC8474056 DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00817j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The present Highlight article shows the importance of the in situ monitoring of bulk crystalline compounds for a more thorough understanding of heterogeneous catalysts at the intersection of catalysis, materials science, crystallography and inorganic chemistry. Although catalytic action is widely regarded as a purely surface-bound phenomenon, there is increasing evidence that bulk processes can detrimentally or beneficially influence the catalytic properties of various material classes. Such bulk processes include polymorphic transformations, formation of oxygen-deficient structures, transient phases and the formation of a metal-oxide composite. The monitoring of these processes and the subsequent establishment of structure-property relationships are most effective if carried out in situ under real operation conditions. By focusing on synchrotron-based in situ X-ray diffraction as the perfect tool to follow the evolution of crystalline species, we exemplify the strength of the concept with five examples from various areas of catalytic research. As catalyst activation studies are increasingly becoming a hot topic in heterogeneous catalysis, the (self-)activation of oxide- and intermetallic compound-based materials during methanol steam and methane dry reforming is highlighted. The perovskite LaNiO3 is selected as an example to show the complex structural dynamics before and during methane dry reforming, which is only revealed upon monitoring all intermediate crystalline species in the transformation from LaNiO3 into Ni/La2O3/La2O2CO3. ZrO2-based materials form the second group, indicating the in situ decomposition of the intermetallic compound Cu51Zr14 into an epitaxially stabilized Cu/tetragonal ZrO2 composite during methanol steam reforming, the stability of a ZrO0.31C0.69 oxycarbide and the gas-phase dependence of the tetragonal-to-monoclinic ZrO2 polymorphic transformation. The latter is the key parameter to the catalytic understanding of ZrO2 and is only appreciated in full detail once it is possible to follow the individual steps of the transformation between the crystalline polymorphic structures. A selected example is devoted to how the monitoring of crystalline reactive carbon during methane dry reforming operation aids in the mechanistic understanding of a Ni/MnO catalyst. The most important aspect is the strict use of in situ monitoring of the structural changes occurring during (self-)activation to establish meaningful structure-property relationships allowing conclusions beyond isolated surface chemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Penner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 52c A-6020 Innsbruck Austria +4351250758003
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5
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Wang M, Ding R, Xiao Y, Wang H, Wang L, Chen CM, Mu Y, Wu GP, Lv B. CoP/RGO-Pd Hybrids with Heterointerfaces as Highly Active Catalysts for Ethanol Electrooxidation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28903-28914. [PMID: 32470287 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ethanol oxidation reaction is of critical importance to the commercial viability of direct ethanol fuel cell technology. However, owing to the poor C-C bond cleavage capability, almost all ethanol oxidation is incomplete and suffers from low selectivity toward the C1 pathway. Herein, under the support of theoretical calculations that the heterointerfaces between CoP and Pd can reduce the energy barrier of C-C bond cleavage, rich heterointerfaces in CoP/RGO-Pd hybrids were designed to improve ethanol electrooxidation performance through enhancing the selectivity toward the C1 pathway. The experimental results show that the faradaic efficiency of the C1 pathway of CoP/RGO-Pd hybrids is as high as 27.6%, surpassing most reported catalysts in the literature. As a result of this enhancement, CoP/RGO-Pd10 exhibits mass activity as high as 4597 mA·mgPd-1 and specific activity as high as 10 mA·cm-2, which are much higher than those of other Pd-based electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruimin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yicong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Liancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Cheng-Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yuewen Mu
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Gang-Ping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Baoliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
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6
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Phosphate stabilized PdCoP@Nifoam catalyst for self-pressurized H2 production from the electrochemical reforming of ethanol at 150 °C. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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7
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Stephens KJ, Zichittella G, Saadun AJ, Büchele S, Puértolas B, Verel R, Krumeich F, Willinger MG, Pérez-Ramírez J. Transformation of titanium carbide into mesoporous titania for catalysed HBr oxidation. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00805b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TiC oxidises via a combination of spot-oxidation and shrinking core mechanisms, resulting in a mesoporous, high-performance TiO2–TiC composite for bromine production via catalysed HBr oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Stephens
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Guido Zichittella
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Ali J. Saadun
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Simon Büchele
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Begoña Puértolas
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - René Verel
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Frank Krumeich
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Javier Pérez-Ramírez
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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8
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Shakibi Nia N, Hauser D, Schlicker L, Gili A, Doran A, Gurlo A, Penner S, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Zirconium Oxycarbide: A Highly Stable Catalyst Material for Electrochemical Energy Conversion. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3067-3073. [PMID: 31247128 PMCID: PMC6900196 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metal carbides and oxycarbides have recently gained considerable interest due to their (electro)catalytic properties that differ from those of transition metals and that have potential to outperform them as well. The stability of zirconium oxycarbide nanopowders (ZrO0.31C0.69), synthesized via a hybrid solid‐liquid route, is investigated in different gas atmospheres from room temperature to 800 °C by using in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and in‐situ electrical impedance spectroscopy. To feature the properties of a structurally stable Zr oxycarbide with high oxygen content, a stoichiometry of ZrO0.31C0.69 has been selected. ZrO0.31C0.69 is stable in reducing gases with only minor amounts of tetragonal ZrO2 being formed at high temperatures, whereas it decomposes in CO2 and O2 gas atmosphere. From online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) onset potential is determined at −0.4 VRHE. CO2 formation is detected at potentials as positive as 1.9 VRHE as ZrO0.31C0.69 decomposition product, and oxygen is anodically formed at 2.5 VRHE, which shows the high electrochemical stability of this material in acidic electrolyte. This peopwery makes the material suited for electrocatalytic reactions at anodic potentials, such as CO and alcohol oxidation reactions, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Shakibi Nia
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c (Josef-Möller-Haus), A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Hauser
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c (Josef-Möller-Haus), A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Schlicker
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Gili
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Doran
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence National Laboratory Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Aleksander Gurlo
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften und -technologien, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Penner
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c (Josef-Möller-Haus), A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c (Josef-Möller-Haus), A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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DEMS studies of the ethanol electro-oxidation on TiOC supported Pt catalysts–Support effects for higher CO2 efficiency. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Huang Y, Babu DD, Wu M, Wang Y. Synergistic Supports Beyond Carbon Black for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Anodes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China
| | - Dickson D. Babu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China
| | - Maoxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry; Physics Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China
| | - Yaobing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 P.R. China
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11
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Kosmala T, Calvillo L, Agnoli S, Granozzi G. Enhancing the Oxygen Electroreduction Activity through Electron Tunnelling: CoOx Ultrathin Films on Pd(100). ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kosmala
- Department of Chemical Sciences
and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences
and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences
and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
and INSTM Unit, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Xu L, Wang Z, Chen X, Qu Z, Li F, Yang W. Ultrathin layered double hydroxide nanosheets with Ni(III) active species obtained by exfoliation for highly efficient ethanol electrooxidation. Electrochim Acta 2017; 260:898-904. [PMID: 29622818 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and storage is compelling but greatly challenging due to low activity of the existing catalysts. Herein, the ultrathin NiAl-layered double hydroxide nanosheets (NiAl-LDH-NSs) are prepared by simple liquid-exfoliation of bulk NiAl-LDHs and first used as ethanol electrooxidation catalysts. The ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) structure ensures that the LDH nanosheets expose a greater number of active sites. More importantly, much Ni(III) active species (NiOOH) in the ultrathin nanosheets are formed by the exfoliation process, which play an authentic catalytic role in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). The presence of NiOOH remarkably improves the reactivity and electrical conductivity of LDH nanosheets. These synergistic effects lead to strikingly more than 30 times enhanced EOR activity of NiAl-LDH-NSs compared to bulk NiAl-LDHs. The obtained electrocatalytic activity is also much better than those of most Ni- and LDH-based EOR catalysts reported to date. In addition, the ultrathin NiAl-LDH-NS electrocatalyst also exhibits good long-term stability (maintain 81.8% of the original value after 10000 s). This study not only provides a highly competitive EOR catalyst, but also opens new avenues toward the design of highly efficient electrode materials that have various potential applications in supercapacitor, Ni-MH battery and other electrocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, 70125, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zongkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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13
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Rüdiger C, Valero-Vidal C, Favaro M, Agnoli S, Granozzi G, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Effect of Air-Aging on the Electrochemical Characteristics of TiO
x
C
y
Films for Electrocatalysis Applications. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Rüdiger
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Carlos Valero-Vidal
- Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52c 6020 Innsbruck Austria
- Advanced Light Source (ALS) and; Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 United States
| | - Marco Favaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB); Institute for Solar Fuels; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck; Innrain 52c 6020 Innsbruck Austria
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14
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Estudillo-Wong LA, Ramos-Sanchez G, Calvillo L, Granozzi G, Alonso-Vante N. Support Interaction Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles on Non-, Y-, Ce-Doped Anatase and Its Implication on the ORR in Acid and Alkaline Media. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guadalupe Ramos-Sanchez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; San Rafael Atlixco 186 Iztapalapa, Vicentina 09340 CDMX Mexico
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Chemical Science; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 Padova I-35131 Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Science; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 Padova I-35131 Italy
| | - Nicolas Alonso-Vante
- IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285; University of Poitiers; 4 rue Michel Brunet 86022 Poitiers France
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15
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Electrochemical performance of α-Mo2C as catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Proch S, Yoshino S, Gunjishima I, Kosaka S, Takahashi N, Kato N, Kodama K, Morimoto Y. Acetylene-Treated Titania Nanotube Arrays (TNAs) as Support for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Platinum Thin Film Catalysts. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Rüdiger C, Favaro M, Valero-Vidal C, Calvillo L, Bozzolo N, Jacomet S, Hein J, Gregoratti L, Agnoli S, Granozzi G, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Substrate Grain-Dependent Chemistry of Carburized Planar Anodic TiO 2 on Polycrystalline Ti. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:631-640. [PMID: 31457460 PMCID: PMC6641173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures or composites of titania and carbon have gained considerable research interest as innovative catalyst supports for low- and intermediate-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. For applications in electrocatalysis, variations in the local physicochemical properties of the employed materials can have significant effects on their behavior as catalyst supports. To assess microscopic heterogeneities in composition, structure, and morphology, a microscopic multitechnique approach is required. In this work, compact anodic TiO2 films on planar polycrystalline Ti substrates are converted into carbon/titania composites or multiphase titanium oxycarbides through carbothermal treatment in an acetylene/argon atmosphere in a flow reactor. The local chemical composition, structure, and morphology of the converted films are studied with scanning photoelectron microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy and are related with the crystallographic orientations of the Ti substrate grains by means of electron backscatter diffraction. Different annealing temperatures, ranging from 550 to 850 °C, are found to yield different substrate grain-dependent chemical compositions, structures, and morphologies. The present study reveals individual time scales for the carbothermal conversion and subsequent surface re-oxidation on substrate grains of a given orientation. Furthermore, it demonstrates the power of a microscopic multitechnique approach for studying polycrystalline heterogeneous materials for electrocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Rüdiger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marco Favaro
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlos Valero-Vidal
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität
Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nathalie Bozzolo
- CEMEF
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech,
PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Suzanne Jacomet
- CEMEF
- Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech,
PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Jennifer Hein
- Lehrstuhl
für Technische Chemie II, Technische
Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra
− Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität
Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Yu J, Jia M, Dai T, Qin F, Zhao Y. Nitrogen-doped graphene supporting PtSn nanoparticles with a tunable microstructure to enhance the activity and stability for ethanol oxidation. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Rizo R, Lázaro MJ, Pastor E, García G. Spectroelectrochemical Study of Carbon Monoxide and Ethanol Oxidation on Pt/C, PtSn(3:1)/C and PtSn(1:1)/C Catalysts. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091225. [PMID: 27626404 PMCID: PMC6273622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PtSn-based catalysts are one of the most active materials toward that contribute ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In order to gain a better understanding of the Sn influence on the carbon monoxide (principal catalyst poison) and ethanol oxidation reactions in acidic media, a systematic spectroelectrochemical study was carried out. With this end, carbon-supported PtSnx (x = 0, 1/3 and 1) materials were synthesized and employed as anodic catalysts for both reactions. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) indicate that Sn diminishes the amount of bridge bonded CO (COB) and greatly improves the CO tolerance of Pt-based catalysts. Regarding the effect of Sn loading on the EOR, it enhances the catalytic activity and decreases the onset potential. FTIRS and DEMS analysis indicate that the C-C bond scission occurs at low overpotentials and at the same potential values regardless of the Sn loading, although the amount of C-C bond breaking decreases with the rise of Sn in the catalytic material. Therefore, the elevated catalytic activity toward the EOR at PtSn-based electrodes is mainly associated with the improved CO tolerance and the incomplete oxidation of ethanol to form acetic acid and acetaldehyde species, causing the formation of a higher amount of both C2 products with the rise of Sn loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rizo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, La Laguna 38071, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Lázaro
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castan 4, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
| | - Elena Pastor
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, La Laguna 38071, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Gonzalo García
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, La Laguna 38071, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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20
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Calvillo L, Valero-Vidal C, Agnoli S, Sezen H, Rüdiger C, Kunze-Liebhäuser J, Granozzi G. Combined Photoemission Spectroscopy and Electrochemical Study of a Mixture of (Oxy)carbides as Potential Innovative Supports and Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19418-19427. [PMID: 27399154 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Active and stable non-noble metal materials, able to substitute Pt as catalyst or to reduce the Pt amount, are vitally important for the extended commercialization of energy conversion technologies, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers. Here, we report a fundamental study of nonstoichiometric tungsten carbide (WxC) and its interaction with titanium oxycarbide (TiOxCy) under electrochemical working conditions. In particular, the electrochemical activity and stability of the WxC/TiOxCy system toward the ethanol electrooxidation reaction (EOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are investigated. The chemical changes caused by the applied potential are established by combining photoemission spectroscopy and electrochemistry. WxC is not active toward the ethanol electrooxidation reaction at room temperature but it is highly stable under these conditions thanks to the formation of a passive thin film on the surface, consisting mainly of WO2 and W2O5, which prevents the full oxidation of WxC. In addition, WxC is able to adsorb ethanol, forming ethoxy groups on the surface, which constitutes the first step for the ethanol oxidation. The interaction between WxC and TiOxCy plays an important role in the electrochemical stability of WxC since specific orientations of the substrate are able to stabilize WxC and prevent its corrosion. The beneficial interaction with the substrate and the specific surface chemistry makes tungsten carbide a good electrocatalyst support or cocatalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells. However, WxC is active toward the HER and chemically stable under hydrogen reduction conditions, since no changes in the chemical composition or dissolution of the film are observed. This makes tungsten carbide a good candidate as electrocatalyst support or cocatalyst for the electrochemical production of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calvillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM unit, Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italia
| | - Carlos Valero-Vidal
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM unit, Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italia
| | - Hikmet Sezen
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA , SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Celine Rüdiger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck , Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM unit, Università di Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italia
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21
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Rüdiger C, Favaro M, Valero-Vidal C, Calvillo L, Bozzolo N, Jacomet S, Hejny C, Gregoratti L, Amati M, Agnoli S, Granozzi G, Kunze-Liebhäuser J. Fabrication of Ti substrate grain dependent C/TiO2 composites through carbothermal treatment of anodic TiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9220-31. [PMID: 26975480 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07727c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials of titania and graphitic carbon, and their optimized synthesis are highly interesting for application in sustainable energy conversion and storage. We report on planar C/TiO2 composite films that are prepared on a polycrystalline titanium substrate by carbothermal treatment of compact anodic TiO2 with acetylene. This thin film material allows for the study of functional properties of C/TiO2 as a function of chemical composition and structure. The chemical and structural properties of the composite on top of individual Ti substrate grains are examined by scanning photoelectron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Through comparison of these data with electron backscatter diffraction, it is found that the amount of generated carbon and the grade of anodic film crystallinity correlate with the crystallographic orientation of the Ti substrate grains. On top of Ti grains with ∼(0001) orientations the anodic TiO2 exhibits the highest grade of crystallinity, and the composite contains the highest fraction of graphitic carbon compared to Ti grains with other orientations. This indirect effect of the Ti substrate grain orientation yields new insights into the activity of TiO2 towards the decomposition of carbon precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Rüdiger
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. and Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marco Favaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carlos Valero-Vidal
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nathalie Bozzolo
- MINES ParisTech, PSL - Research University, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Suzanne Jacomet
- MINES ParisTech, PSL - Research University, CEMEF - Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7635, CS 10207 Rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Clivia Hejny
- Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Gregoratti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Amati
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, SS14-Km163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Agnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Julia Kunze-Liebhäuser
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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