1
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Sang C, Luo Y. Effect of Metastable Intermolecular Composites on the Thermal Decomposition of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2107. [PMID: 39125134 PMCID: PMC11314548 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE) has become a research hotspot due to its excellent comprehensive performance. In this paper, metastable intermolecular energetic nanocomposites (MICs) were prepared by a simple and safe method, and the catalytic performance for decomposition of GAP-ETPE was studied. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the MICs exhibited specific crystal formation, which proved that the MICs were successfully prepared. Morphology, surface area, and pore structure analysis showed that the Al/copper ferrite and Al/Fe2O3 MICs had a large specific surface area mesoporous structure. The Al/CuO MICs did not have a mesoporous structure or a large surface area. The structure of MICs led to their different performance for the GAP-ETPE decomposition catalysis. The increase in specific surface area is a benefit of the catalytic performance. Due to the easier formation of complexes, MICs containing Cu have better catalytic performance for GAP-ETPE decomposition than those containing Fe. The conclusions of this study can provide a basis for the adjustment of the catalytic performance of MICs in GAP-ETPE propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Organic Functional Materials and Green Low-Carbon Technology, Dezhou 253023, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
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2
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Song Z, Liu W, Xian M, Jin M. Facile Fabrication of Energetic Nanocomposite Materials by Polydopamine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16199. [PMID: 38003388 PMCID: PMC10671231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine-based materials have been widely investigated for incorporation in energetic nanocomposites due to their outstanding adherence. However, these materials are often prepared in alkaline environments, which negatively affects Al nanoparticles. In this study, a one-pot assembly was devised for the preparation of a polydopamine-based Al/CuO energetic nanocomposite material (Al/PDA/CuO) in a neutral environment. The CuO and Al nanoparticles of the Al/PDA/CuO nanothermite were uniformly dispersed and closely combined. Consequently, the Al/PDA/CuO nanothermite was able to release more heat (2069.7 J/g) than physically mixed Al/CuO (1438.9 J/g). Furthermore, the universality of using polydopamine in the assembly of different types of energetic nanocomposite materials was verified, including an organic energetic material-nanothermit (HMX/PDA/Al/CuO nanothermite) and an inorganic oxidant-metal nanocatalyst (AP/PDA/Fe2O3). This study provides a promising route for the preparation of polydopamine-based energetic nanocomposites in neutral aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxin Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.S.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Energy lnstitute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.S.); (W.L.)
| | - Mo Xian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.S.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Energy lnstitute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Miaomiao Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; (Z.S.); (W.L.)
- Shandong Energy lnstitute, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266001, China
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3
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Xiong K, Wang Z, Liu R, Nie H, Yan QL. Probing on Mutual Interaction Mechanisms of the Ingredients of Al/CuO/PVDF Nanocomposites. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13850-13862. [PMID: 37733638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, several binary and ternary metastable intermixed nanocomposites Al/CuO, Al/PVDF, CuO/PVDF, and Al/CuO/PVDF have been prepared by simple mechanical mixing and ball milling followed by spray drying methods. In this way, the interfacial structure could be well tuned and compared in terms of reactivity. The nonisothermal DSC curves results showed that the exothermic reaction of Al/CuO/PVDF could be divided into three steps. In addition, it has been shown that for the same formulation, the reaction efficiency, pressurization capacity, and thermal reactivity are greatly dependent on the interfacial structure. As a typical example, composite Al@PVDF/CuO, where Al is fully covered with PVDF, exhibited a higher energy release of 10.7 kJ·cm-3 and pressurization rates of 22.79 MPa·s-1·g-1. The reaction between Al and PVDF has been facilitated in both extent of reaction and efficiency due to their intimate contact. Based on the thermal analysis, condensed combustion product analysis, and gaseous phase identification, the mutual reaction mechanisms of Al/CuO/PVDF have been proposed. The most likely reactions that occurred at each stage of the reaction are summarized, providing insight into the complicated underlying mechanisms. It shows that the regulation of energy release rates and improved efficiency could be easily realized by predesigned interfacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Xiong
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zikangping Wang
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hongqi Nie
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qi-Long Yan
- Science and Technology on Combustion, Internal Flow and Thermo-structure Laboratory, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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4
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Bauer J, Benz M, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. Chemistry of 2,5-diaminotetrazole. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11806-11813. [PMID: 35861528 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1,5-Diaminotetrazole is one of the most prominent high-nitrogen tetrazole compounds described in the literature. Interestingly the isomer 2,5-diaminotetrazole is nearly undescribed due to its challenging synthetic routes. 2,5-Diaminotetrazol (1) was successfully synthesized via amination of 5-aminotetrazole followed by various purification steps to separate it from isomeric 1,5-diaminotetrazole. In addition to the extensive characterization of 2,5-DAT further derivates by protonation, methylation and amination of the tetrazole ring were synthesized and characterized. The resulting tri-functionalized, ionic tetrazolium derivatives were combined with energetic anions (nitrate, perchlorate, azide, 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (BTO2-)) to adjust and tune the properties of each compound. All compounds were intensively characterized including IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis through DTA, X-ray diffraction and sensitivity testing. The purity was verified by CHNO elemental analysis and the energetic properties were calculated using the EXPLO5 code and the calculated enthalpy of formation (CBS-4M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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5
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Yan Z, Lu T, Liu Y, Liu W, Zhao B, Wang Y, Ge Z. 5,7-Diamine-2-Nitro-1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-Triazine (ANTT): A Nitrogen-Rich Compound Suitable for Gas Generators. FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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6
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Xue Y, Xiong H, Tang J, Cheng G, Yang H. Exploring Application of 1,2,4‐Triazole Energetic Salts: Gas Generating Agent, Propellant and Explosive Compositions. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐bing Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hua‐lin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Guang‐bin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hong‐wei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
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7
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Li S, Guo T, Yao M, Song J, Ding W, Mao Y, Chen J. Effect of Bismuth Oxide Particles Size on the Thermal Excitation and Combustion Properties of Thermite Systems. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:464-470. [PMID: 33830676 PMCID: PMC8028500 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of Bi2 O3 particles size at the sub-micron scale on the thermal excitation threshold and combustion performance of nano-thermite systems was investigated. Three formulas were designed and prepared, Al(100 nm)/Bi2 O3 (170 nm), Al(100 nm)/Bi2 O3 (370 nm) and Al(100 nm)/Bi2 O3 (740 nm). The samples were characterized and tested by SEM, XRD, and DSC techniques. Electrical ignition and combustion experiments were performed. The results showed that with the increase of the particle size of Bi2 O3 , in the case of slow linear heating, the exothermic heat decreased (1051.2 J g-1 , 527.3 J g-1 and 243.6 J g-1 ) and the thermal excitation threshold temperature increased (564.52 °C, 658.1 °C and 810.9 °C). Simultaneously, the state of the thermite reaction correspondingly changed to solid-solid, liquid-solid and liquid-liquid thermite reaction. In the case of rapid heating , the increase in particle size increased the excitation current (0.561A, 0.710A and 0.837A). During the combustion process, the thermite system with the smallest Bi2 O3 particle size showed the largest combustion rate, and that with the largest particle size had the longest combustion duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Miao Yao
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Wen Ding
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Yiming Mao
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
| | - Jialin Chen
- College of Field EngineeringArmy Engineering University of PLANanjing210007China
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8
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Sang C, Chen K, Li G, Jin S, Luo Y. Facile mass preparation and characterization of Al/copper ferrites metastable intermolecular energetic nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7633-7643. [PMID: 35423286 PMCID: PMC8694956 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a novel Al/copper ferrites metastable intermolecular energetic nanocomposite was prepared by a simple and mild sol-gel method followed by low temperature calcination, and characterized by various analytical techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests that the products contain crystal forms of aluminum and spinel-type ferrite crystal forms which are CuFe2O4 with many crystal defects. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses reveal that the prepared Al/copper ferrites are mesoporous structures with large specific surface areas of up to 184.47 m2 g-1 and further reveal the pore construction of this material. Its crystal defects and large specific surface area provide the possibility for its excellent catalytic performance. Al/copper ferrites have 45% better exothermic properties with higher energy output efficiency, faster burning rate, and higher reactivity than traditional Al/Fe2O3 prepared by the same method. Due to the synergistic catalytic effect of Cu-Fe oxides, Al/copper ferrites have a better catalytic effect on AP thermal decomposition and can reduce the HTD peak temperature of AP 33% more than Al/Fe2O3. The catalytic mechanism of Al/copper ferrites for the thermal decomposition of AP is obtained based on the electron transfer theories, synergistic catalytic mechanism, and the porous structure of Al/copper ferrites. Due to the mild reaction conditions and low calcination temperature, dozens of grams of product can be safely obtained at one time with low cost and easily available raw materials to meet the requirements of propellant up to several kilograms or other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density Materials Beijing 100081 China
| | - Keke Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density Materials Beijing 100081 China
| | - Guoping Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density Materials Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density Materials Beijing 100081 China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
- Key Laboratory for Ministry of Education of High Energy Density Materials Beijing 100081 China
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9
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Kuklja MM, Tsyshevsky R, Zverev AS, Mitrofanov A, Ilyakova N, Nurmukhametov DR, Rashkeev SN. Achieving tunable chemical reactivity through photo-initiation of energetic materials at metal oxide surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25284-25296. [PMID: 33136098 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Known applications of high energy density materials are impressively vast. Despite this, we argue that energetic materials are still underutilized for common energy purposes due to our inability to control explosive chemical reactions releasing energy from these materials. The situation appears paradoxical as energetic materials (EM) possess massive amounts of energy and, hence, should be most appropriate for applications in many energy-intensive processes. Here, we discover how chemical decomposition reactions can be stimulated with laser excitation and therefore, highly controlled by selectively designing energetic material - metal oxide interfaces with an example of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)-MgO and trinitrotoluene (TNT)-MgO composite samples. Density functional theory and embedded cluster method calculations were combined with measurements of the optical absorption spectra and laser initiation experiments. We found that the first (1064 nm, 1.17 eV), second (532 nm, 2.33 eV), and third (355 nm, 3.49 eV) laser harmonics, to all of which pure energetic materials are transparent, can be effectively used to trigger explosive reactions in the PETN-MgO samples. We propose a consistent electronic mechanism that explains how specific sub-band optical transitions initiate decomposition chemistry. Also, this selectivity reveals a fundamental difference between materials chemistry at interfaces as we show on examples of PETN and TNT energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija M Kuklja
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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10
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Kim H, Cha JK, Kim J, Kim SH. Highly Flexible and Patternable Multiwalled-Carbon Nanotube/Nitrocellulose Hybrid Conducting Paper Electrodes as Heating Platforms for Effective Ignition of Nanoenergetic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28586-28595. [PMID: 32469501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly flexible, patternable multiwalled-carbon nanotube (MWCNT) paper electrode was specially designed and fabricated. The addition of a nitrocellulose (NC) polymer binder at less than the critical amount (≤2 wt %) was found to be effective for maintaining both the flexibility and electrical conductance of the resulting MWCNT paper electrode. The fabricated MWCNT paper electrode was then employed as a heating platform to ignite Al/CuO nanoparticle-based nanoenergetic materials (nEMs). The nEM layer was drop-cast on the surface of the MWCNT paper electrode with specially patterned shapes using a plotter, and its ignition was evaluated by applying various voltages through the MWCNT paper electrode. To increase the adhesion between the nEM layer and MWCNT paper electrode and to decrease the sparking sensitivity of the nEM layer, it was essential to incorporate NC in the nEM matrix. However, the combustion and explosion properties of nEM layers deteriorated with the addition of NC, enabling the estimation of the optimum amount of NC to be incorporated. The fabricated igniter can be employed in various thermal engineering applications, such as in the ignition of explosives and propellants, and in pyrotechnics. To demonstrate this, a compact, flexible, and patternable igniter composed of the NC/nEM layer (NC/nEM = 2:8 wt %) on an MWCNT paper electrode was used to successfully ignite solid propellants for launching a small rocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoSung Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Keun Cha
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - JiHoon Kim
- Research Center for Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Kim
- Department of Nano Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Energy Convergence Technology, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Benz M, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. Combining Performance with Thermal Stability: Synthesis and Characterization of 5‐(3,5‐Dinitro‐1
H
‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1
H
‐tetrazole and its Energetic Derivatives. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Benz
- Department of Chemistry Univeristy of Munich (LMU) Butendandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry Univeristy of Munich (LMU) Butendandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry Univeristy of Munich (LMU) Butendandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 München Germany
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12
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Guo X, Sun Q, Liang T, Giwa AS. Controllable Electrically Guided Nano-Al/MoO 3 Energetic-Film Formation on a Semiconductor Bridge with High Reactivity and Combustion Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E955. [PMID: 32443395 PMCID: PMC7279552 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Film-forming techniques and the control of heat release in micro-energetic chips or devices create challenges and bottlenecks for the utilization of energy. In this study, promising nano-Al/MoO3 metastable intermolecular composite (MIC) chips with an uniform distribution of particles were firstly designed via a convenient and high-efficiency electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique at room temperature and under ambient pressure conditions. The mixture of isopropanol, polyethyleneimine, and benzoic acid proved to be an optimized dispersing agent for EPD. The kinetics of EPD for oxidants (Al) and reductants (MoO3) were systematically investigated, which contributed to adjusting the equivalence ratio of targeted energetic chips after changing the EPD dynamic behaviors of Al and MoO3 in suspension. In addition, the obtained nano-Al/MoO3 MIC energetic chips showed excellent heat-release performance with a high heat release of ca. 3340 J/g, and were successfully ignited with a dazzling flame recorded by a high-speed camera. Moreover, the fabrication method here is fully compatible with a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), which suggests promising potential in designing and developing other MIC energetic chips or devices for micro-ignition/propulsion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China;
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Functional Materials, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
| | - A. S. Giwa
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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13
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Dai J, Wang C, Wang Y, Xu W, Xu J, Shen Y, Zhang W, Ye Y, Shen R. From nanoparticles to on-chip 3D nanothermite: electrospray deposition of reactive Al/CuO@NC onto semiconductor bridge and its application for rapid ignition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195712. [PMID: 31978923 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6fd8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanothermites composed of nano-fuels and oxidants are attractive energetic materials, which have potential applications in microscale energy-demanding systems. Herein, nano-Al/CuO with nitrocellulose (NC) binder have been bottom-up assembled on semiconductor bridge (SCB) chip by electrospray, from nanoparticles to three-dimensional (3D) deposited structure. The morphological and compositional characterization confirms the constituents in Al/CuO@NC are homogeneously mixed at nano scale and the 3D structure at micro scale is tunable. The as-deposited Al/CuO@NC exhibits excellent energy output and superior chemical reactivity. Specifically, the heat release of Al/CuO@NC (1179.5 J g-1) is higher than that of random mixed Al/CuO (730.9 J g-1). Benefiting from outstanding exothermic properties, the material integrated with SCB initiator chip (Al/CuO@NC-SCB) for potential ignition application was investigated. The Al/CuO@NC-SCB micro energetic initiator can be functioned rapidly (with delay time of 2.8 μs) and exhibits superb ignition performances with violent explosion process, high combustion temperature (4636 °C) and successful ignition of B/KNO3 propellant, in comparison to SCB initiator. The strategy provides promising route to introduce nano reactive particles into various functional energy-demanding systems for potential energetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Dai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China. Institute of Chemical Materials, CAEP, Mianyang 621999, People's Republic of China
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14
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Kim HS, Cha JK, Kim JH, Kim SH. Fabrication and remote laser ignition of Al/CuO energetic nanocomposites incorporated with functional dyes for enhanced light absorption. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Zhang M, Tan Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Huang S, Zhai Z, Liu Y, Yang Z. Seeking a novel energetic co-crystal strategy through the interfacial self-assembly of CL-20 and HMX nanocrystals. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Solvent and heat induced self-assembly to CL-20/HMX co-crystals has been investigated. The mechanism towards such process could be concluded to nanoparticle inducing, oriented aggregation, surface integration and co-crystals assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Zhang
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- China
- Institute of Chemical Materials
| | - Yingxin Tan
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Jianhu Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Zhaohui Zhai
- Institute of Fluid Physic and Microsystem & Terahertz Research center
- CAEP
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
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16
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Fabrication and thermal behavior of Al/Fe2O3 energetic composites for effective interfacial bonding between dissimilar metallic substrates. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ke X, Gou B, Liu X, Wang N, Hao G, Xiao L, Zhou X, Jiang W. Tuning the Reactivity of Al/NiO@C Nanoenergetic Materials through Building an Interfacial Carbon Barrier Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35394-35403. [PMID: 31474107 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the crucial role of the interface layer in tuning the reactivity of nanoenergetic materials (nEMs), in this study, we report a new method to tune the energetic performances of Al/NiO@C nEMs by designing the interfacial barrier layer between the fuel and oxidizer. The carbon shell in special core-shell NiO@C nanorods derived from nickel-based metal-organic frameworks functions as a homogeneous interfacial diffusion-resistant layer between Al and NiO nanoparticles. Under the guidance of experimental time-resolved oxidation curves and theoretical simulation results, the carbon content can be easily controlled, thereby achieving the goal of tuning energetic performances. It is found that the chemical nature of the carbon barrier layer rather than its content provides the resistance against interdiffusion of Al and O atoms in the solid-state reaction, thus leading to a higher reaction onset temperature. The importance of the interfacial layer on the thermal properties of nEMs is also emphasized when compared with physically mixed ones. Combustion tests reveal that both interfacial resistance and gas generation play roles in tuning the combustion propagation, flame temperature, ignition delay time, and pressurization rate. These results indicate the promising potential of pre-engineered interfacial structure for targeted reactivity of carbon-based nEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ke
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Bingwang Gou
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute , Xi'an 710065 , China
| | - Xiaolian Liu
- Safety Technology Research Institute of Ordnance Industry , Beijing 100053 , China
| | - Ning Wang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Gazi Hao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Lei Xiao
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Wei Jiang
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
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18
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Fathollahi M, Azizi‐Toupkanloo H. Thermal characterization and kinetic analysis of nano‐ and micro‐Al/NiO thermites: Combined experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoochehr Fathollahi
- Faculty of Material and Manufacturing TechnologiesMalek Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran
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19
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Jiang Y, Deng S, Hong S, Zhao J, Huang S, Wu CC, Gottfried JL, Nomura KI, Li Y, Tiwari S, Kalia RK, Vashishta P, Nakano A, Zheng X. Energetic Performance of Optically Activated Aluminum/Graphene Oxide Composites. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11366-11375. [PMID: 30335365 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical ignition of solid energetic materials, which can rapidly release heat, gas, and thrust, is still challenging due to the limited light absorption and high ignition energy of typical energetic materials ( e.g., aluminum, Al). Here, we demonstrated that the optical ignition and combustion properties of micron-sized Al particles were greatly enhanced by adding only 20 wt % of graphene oxide (GO). These enhancements are attributed to the optically activated disproportionation and oxidation reactions of GO, which release heat to initiate the oxidization of Al by air and generate gaseous products to reduce the agglomeration of the composites and promote the pressure rise during combustion. More importantly, compared to conventional additives such as metal oxides nanoparticles ( e.g., WO3 and Bi2O3), GO has much lower density and therefore could improve energetic properties without sacrificing Al content. The results from Xe flash ignition and laser-based excitation experiments demonstrate that GO is an efficient additive to improve the energetic performance of micron-sized Al particles, enabling micron-sized Al to be ignited by optical activation and promoting the combustion of Al in air.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sili Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Sungwook Hong
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | | | | | - Chi-Chin Wu
- Weapons and Materials Research Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Jennifer L Gottfried
- Weapons and Materials Research Directorate , U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen , Maryland 21005 , United States
| | - Ken-Ichi Nomura
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Ying Li
- Computational Science Division and Leadership Computing Facility , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Subodh Tiwari
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Priya Vashishta
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Aiichiro Nakano
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, and Department of Biological Sciences , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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20
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Zhang JQ, Xu YL, Jia Q, Zhang SJ, Liu N, Gao HX, Hu RZ. Nonisothermal decomposition and safety parameters of HNIW/TNT cocrystal. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31028-31036. [PMID: 35548746 PMCID: PMC9085487 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06143b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the thermal decomposition behavior and evaluate the thermal safety of the cocrystal 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW)/2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), its thermal and kinetic behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. With the help of onset temperature (Te) and maximum peak temperature (Tp) from the non-isothermal DSC curves of HNIW/TNT cocrystal at different heating rates (β), the following were calculated: the value of specific heat capacity (Cp) and the standard molar enthalpy of formation , the apparent activation energy (EK and EO) and pre-exponential constant (AK) of thermal decomposition reaction obtained by Kissinger's method and Ozawa's method, density (ρ) and thermal conductivity (λ), the decomposition heat (Qd, as half-explosion heat), Zhang–Hu–Xie–Li's formula, Smith's equation, Friedman's formula, Bruckman–Guillet's formula, Frank-Kamenetskii's formula and Wang–Du's formulas, the values (Te0 and Tp0) of Te and Tp corresponding to β → 0, thermal explosion temperature (Tbe and Tbp), adiabatic time-to-explosion (ttiad), 50% drop height (H50) for impact sensitivity, critical temperature of hot-spot initiation (Tcr), thermal sensitivity probability density function [S(T)] vs. temperature (T) relation curves with radius of 1 m and ambient temperature of 300 K, the peak temperature corresponding to the maximum value of S(T) vs. T relation curve (TS(T)max), safety degree (SD) and critical ambient temperature (Tacr) of thermal explosion. Results show that the kinetic equation describing the exothermic decomposition reaction of HNIW/TNT cocrystal is The following thermal safety parameters for the HNIW/TNT cocrystal are obtained: Te0 = 464.45 K; Tp0 = 477.55 K; Tbe = 472.82 K; Tbp = 485.89 K; ttiad = 4.40 s, 4.42 s, and 4.43 s for n = 0, 1, and 2, respectively; Tcr = 531.90 K; H50 = 19.46 cm; and the values of Tacr, TS(T)max, SD and PTE are 469.69 K, 470.58 K, 78.57% and 21.43% for sphere; 465.70 K, 470.58 K, 78.17% and 21.83% for infinite cylinder; and 459.39 K, 464.26 K, 77.54% and 22.46% for infinite flat. To explore the thermal decomposition behavior and evaluate the thermal safety of the cocrystal HNIW/TNT, its thermal and kinetic behaviors were studied by DSC technique.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Yun-Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Qian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Hong-Xu Gao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Institute Xi'an 710065 China
| | - Rong-Zu Hu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Institute Xi'an 710065 China
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21
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Wang Y, Ai M, Jiang H, Wang L, Zhao X, Zhang W, Li Y. Enhanced Energetic Performances Based on Integration with the Al/PTFE Nanolaminates. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:206. [PMID: 29995299 PMCID: PMC6041219 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrating energetic materials on a chip has received great attention for its widely potential applications in the microscale energy consumption system, including electric initiation device. In this article, reactive Al/PTFE nanolaminates with periodic layer structure are prepared by magnetron sputtering, which consists of fuel Al, oxidant PTFE, and inert layer Al-F compound in a metastable system. The as-deposited Al/PTFE nanolaminates exhibit a significantly high energy output, and the onset temperature and the heat of reaction are 410 °C and 3034 J/g, respectively. Based on these properties, an integrated film bridge is designed and fabricated via integrating Al/PTFE nanolaminates with a Cu exploding foil, which exhibits enhanced energetic performances with more violent explosion phenomenon, larger quantities of ejected product, and higher plasma temperature in comparison with the Cu film bridge. The kinetic energy of flyers derived from the expansion of the Cu film bridge is also increased around 29.9% via integration with the Al/PTFE nanolaminates. Overall, the energetic performances can be improved substantially through a combination of the chemical reaction of Al/PTFE nanolaminates with the electric explosion of the Cu film bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999 China
| | - Mengting Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999 China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
| | - Yanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731 China
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22
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ai M, Jiang H, Yan Y, Zhao X, Wang L, Zhang W, Li Y. Reactive B/Ti Nano-Multilayers with Superior Performance in Plasma Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21582-21589. [PMID: 29873474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, reactive B/Ti nano-multilayers were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and the structure and chemical composition were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The periodic multilayer structure can be clearly visible, and the multilayer material is composed of B layers (amorphous), Ti layers (nano-polycrystalline), and intermixed reactants in a metastable system. The as-deposited B/Ti nano-multilayers exhibit a significantly high heat release of 3722 J/g, with an onset reaction temperature of 449 °C. On the basis of these properties, an integrated microigniter was designed and prepared by integration of the B/Ti nano-multilayers with a TaN film bridge for potential applications in plasma generation, and the electric ignition processes were investigated with discharge voltages ranging from 25 to 40 V. The integrated microigniter exhibits improved and stable ignition performances with a short burst time, high plasma temperature, and violent explosion phenomenon in comparison with the TaN film igniter. Overall, the plasma generation of the microigniter can be enhanced substantially by integration with the B/Ti nano-multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621000 , China
| | - Mengting Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621000 , China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
| | - Yanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731 , China
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23
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Liao X, Gao Z, Xia Y, Zhai W, Pan C, Zhang Y, Yan S, Han J. Self-Assembly of Anionic Gemini-Surfactant-Assisted Fabrication of Copper Oxide Nanostructures. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Liao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhinong Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhong Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chenchen Pan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yingfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jia Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers; Ministry of Education; No. 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan 430072 Hubei, P.R. China
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24
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Kamunur K, Jandosov J, Аbdulkarimova R, Hori K, Yelemessova Z. Combustion Study of Different Transitional Metal Oxide based on
AN/MgAl Composites Gas Generators. EURASIAN CHEMICO-TECHNOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.18321/ectj682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium nitrate (AN)-based composite gas generator have attracted a considerable amount of attention because of the clean burning nature of AN as an oxidizer. However, ammonium nitrate-based gas generator has several major problems, namely, poor ignitability, a low burning rate, low energy, and high hygroscopicity. The addition of different transitional metal oxides and MgAl mechanical alloyed proved to be effective in improving the burning characteristics of AN-based gas generator. In this research work, combustion study of different transition metal oxide based on AN/MgAl composites gas generators was studied. Gas generators were combusted at the pressure of 1 MPa, 3 MPa and 5 MPa in the combustion chamber and the burning rates were determined. It was stated that the addition of metal oxides into the composition of the gas generators improves ignition at low pressure and increases the burning rate. The use of the mechanical MgAl alloys as a fuel allowed the ignition of the gas generator at a lower temperature. The method of thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA) was used to investigate the effect of metal oxides addition on the AN/MgAl-based gas generators thermal decomposition characteristics.
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25
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Zhang Y, Jiang H, Zhao X, Yan Y, Zhang W, Li Y. Characteristics of the Energetic Micro-initiator Through Integrating Al/Ni Nano-multilayers with Cu Film Bridge. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:38. [PMID: 28091947 PMCID: PMC5236042 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An energetic micro-initiator through integrating Al/Ni nano-multilayers with Cu film bridge was investigated in this study. The Cu film bridge was initially fabricated with wet etching, and Al/Ni nano-multilayers were alternately deposited on the surface of Cu film bridge by magnetron sputtering. The periodic layer structure of Al/Ni nano-multilayers was verified by scanning electron microscopy. The exothermic reaction in Al/Ni nano-multilayers can be initiated with onset reaction temperature as low as 503 K, and the total reaction heat is about 774.6 J/g. This energetic micro-initiator exhibited improved performances with lower threshold voltage, smaller initiation energy, and higher explosion temperature compared with Cu film bridge. An extra violent explosion phenomenon with longer duration time and larger quantities of ejected product particles was detected on this energetic micro-initiator by high-speed camera. Overall, the electric explosion performances of Cu film bridge can be improved evidently with the integration of Al/Ni nano-multilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yichao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yanrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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26
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Slocik JM, McKenzie R, Dennis PB, Naik RR. Creation of energetic biothermite inks using ferritin liquid protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15156. [PMID: 28447665 PMCID: PMC5414172 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic liquids function mainly as fuels due to low energy densities and slow combustion kinetics. Consequently, these properties can be significantly increased through the addition of metal nanomaterials such as aluminium. Unfortunately, nanoparticle additives are restricted to low mass fractions in liquids because of increased viscosities and severe particle agglomeration. Nanoscale protein ionic liquids represent multifunctional solvent systems that are well suited to overcoming low mass fractions of nanoparticles, producing stable nanoparticle dispersions and simultaneously offering a source of oxidizing agents for combustion of reactive nanomaterials. Here, we use iron oxide-loaded ferritin proteins to create a stable and highly energetic liquid composed of aluminium nanoparticles and ferritin proteins for printing and forming 3D shapes and structures. In total, this bioenergetic liquid exhibits increased energy output and performance, enhanced dispersion and oxidation stability, lower activation temperatures, and greater processability and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Slocik
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Ruel McKenzie
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Patrick B Dennis
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Lab, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, USA
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27
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Su H, Zhang J, Du Y, Zhang P, Li S, Fang T, Pang S. New roles for metal–organic frameworks: fuels for environmentally friendly composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28679h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel type of environmentally friendly composite based on energetic MOFs as a fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Jichuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Shenghua Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Tao Fang
- Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology
- Beijing 100074
- PR China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
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