1
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Nam KH, Wang Z, Luo J, Huang C, Millares MF, Pace A, Wang L, King ST, Ma L, Ehrlich S, Bai J, Takeuchi ES, Marschilok AC, Yan S, Takeuchi KJ, Doeff MM. High-Entropy Spinel Oxide Ferrites for Battery Applications. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:4481-4494. [PMID: 38764752 PMCID: PMC11099913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Four different high-entropy spinel oxide ferrite (HESO) electrode materials containing 5-6 distinct metals were synthesized by a simple, rapid combustion synthesis process and evaluated as conversion anode materials in lithium half-cells. All showed markedly superior electrochemical performance compared to conventional spinel ferrites such as Fe3O4 and MgFe2O4, having capacities that could be maintained above 600 mAh g-1 for 150 cycles, in most cases. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) results on pristine, discharged, and charged electrodes show that Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu are reduced to the elemental state during the first discharge (lithiation), while Mn is only slightly reduced. Upon recharge (delithiation), Fe is reoxidized to an average oxidation state of about 2.6+, while Co, Ni, and Cu are not reoxidized. The ability of Fe to be oxidized past 2+ accounts for the high capacities observed in these materials, while the presence of metallic elements after the initial lithiation provides an electronically conductive network that aids in charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hun Nam
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhongling Wang
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Jessica Luo
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Cynthia Huang
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Marie F. Millares
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Alexis Pace
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Science Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Steven T. King
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lu Ma
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II), Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Steven Ehrlich
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II), Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jianming Bai
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II), Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther S. Takeuchi
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Science Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Amy C. Marschilok
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Science Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Shan Yan
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Science Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Takeuchi
- Institute
of Energy: Sustainability, Environment and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stonybrook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary
Science Department, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Marca M. Doeff
- Energy
Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Quilty CD, Wu D, Li W, Bock DC, Wang L, Housel LM, Abraham A, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES. Electron and Ion Transport in Lithium and Lithium-Ion Battery Negative and Positive Composite Electrodes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1327-1363. [PMID: 36757020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage systems, specifically lithium and lithium-ion batteries, are ubiquitous in contemporary society with the widespread deployment of portable electronic devices. Emerging storage applications such as integration of renewable energy generation and expanded adoption of electric vehicles present an array of functional demands. Critical to battery function are electron and ion transport as they determine the energy output of the battery under application conditions and what portion of the total energy contained in the battery can be utilized. This review considers electron and ion transport processes for active materials as well as positive and negative composite electrodes. Length and time scales over many orders of magnitude are relevant ranging from atomic arrangements of materials and short times for electron conduction to large format batteries and many years of operation. Characterization over this diversity of scales demands multiple methods to obtain a complete view of the transport processes involved. In addition, we offer a perspective on strategies for enabling rational design of electrodes, the role of continuum modeling, and the fundamental science needed for continued advancement of electrochemical energy storage systems with improved energy density, power, and lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Quilty
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daren Wu
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Wenzao Li
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David C Bock
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lisa M Housel
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alyson Abraham
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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3
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Guo S, Koketsu T, Hu Z, Zhou J, Kuo CY, Lin HJ, Chen CT, Strasser P, Sui L, Xie Y, Ma J. Mo-Incorporated Magnetite Fe 3 O 4 Featuring Cationic Vacancies Enabling Fast Lithium Intercalation for Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203835. [PMID: 36058653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) as high-capacity electrodes have several drawbacks owing to their inherent poor electronic conductivity and structural instability during the multi-electron conversion reaction process. In this study, the authors use an intrinsic high-valent cation substitution approach to stabilize cation-deficient magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and overcome the abovementioned issues. Herein, 5 at% of Mo4+ -ions are incorporated into the spinel structure to substitute octahedral Fe3+ -ions, featuring ≈1.7 at% cationic vacancies in the octahedral sites. This defective Fe2.93 ▫0.017 Mo0.053 O4 electrode shows significant improvements in the mitigation of capacity fade and the promotion of rate performance as compared to the pristine Fe3 O4 . Furthermore, physical-electrochemical analyses and theoretical calculations are performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In Fe2.93 ▫0.017 Mo0.053 O4 , the cationic vacancies provide active sites for storing Li+ and vacancy-mediated Li+ migration paths with lower energy barriers. The enlarged lattice and improved electronic conductivity induced by larger doped-Mo4+ yield this defective oxide capable of fast lithium intercalation. This is confirmed by a combined characterization including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This study provides a valuable strategy of vacancy-mediated reaction to intrinsically modulate the defective structure in TMOs for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Toshinari Koketsu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yang Kuo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lijun Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- International Center for Computational Method and Software & State Key Laboratory for Superhard Materials & Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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4
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Hartmann F, Etter M, Cibin G, Groß H, Kienle L, Bensch W. Understanding sodium storage properties of ultra-small Fe 3S 4 nanoparticles - a combined XRD, PDF, XAS and electrokinetic study. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2696-2710. [PMID: 35107463 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06950k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Various electrode materials are considered for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and one important prerequisite for developments of SIBs is a detailed understanding about charge storage mechanisms. Herein, we present a rigorous study about Na storage properties of ultra-small Fe3S4 nanoparticles, synthesized applying a solvothermal route, which exhibit a very good electrochemical performance as anode material for SIBs. A closer look into electrochemical reaction pathways on the nanoscale, utilizing synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption techniques, reveals a complicated conversion mechanism. Initially, separation of Fe3S4 into nanocrystalline intermediates occurs accompanied by reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ cations. Discharge to 0.1 V leads to formation of strongly disordered Fe0 finely dispersed in a nanosized Na2S matrix. The resulting volume expansion leads to a worse long-term stability in the voltage range 3.0-0.1 V. Adjusting the lower cut-off potential to 0.5 V, crystallization of Na2S is prevented and a completely amorphous intermediate stage is formed. Thus, the smaller voltage window is favorable for long-term stability, yielding highly reversible capacity retention, e.g., 486 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles applying 0.5 A g-1 and superior coulombic efficiencies >99.9%. During charge to 3.0 V, Fe3S4 with smaller domains are reversibly generated in the 1st cycle, but further cycling results in loss of structural long-range order, whereas the local environment resembles that of Fe3S4 in subsequent charged states. Electrokinetic analyses reveal high capacitive contributions to the charge storage, indicating shortened diffusion lengths and thus, redox reactions occur predominantly at surfaces of nanosized conversion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hartmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giannantonio Cibin
- Diamond Light Source (DLS), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Hendrik Groß
- Institute of Materials Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Institute of Materials Science, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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5
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Choi YS, Choi W, Yoon WS, Kim JM. Unveiling the Genesis and Effectiveness of Negative Fading in Nanostructured Iron Oxide Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS NANO 2022; 16:631-642. [PMID: 35029370 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have garnered extensive attention because of their inexpensiveness, safety, and high theoretical capacity. Nanostructured iron oxide anodes often undergo negative fading, that is, unconventional capacity increase, which results in a capacity increasing upon cycling. However, the detailed mechanism of negative fading still remains unclear, and there is no consensus on the provenance. Herein, we comprehensively investigate the negative fading of iron oxide anodes with a highly ordered mesoporous structure by utilizing advanced synchrotron-based analysis. Electrochemical and structural analyses identified that the negative fading originates from an optimization of the electrolyte-derived surface layer, and the thus formed layer significantly contributes to the structural stability of the nanostructured electrode materials, as well as their cycle stability. This work provides an insight into understanding the origin of negative fading and its influence on nanostructured anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Choi
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sub Yoon
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Man Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tallman KR, West PJ, Yan S, Yao S, Quilty CD, Wang F, Marschilok AC, Bock DC, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES. Structural and electrochemical investigation of crystallite size controlled zinc ferrite (ZnFe 2O 4). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:375403. [PMID: 34107466 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac09a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ferrite, ZnFe2O4(ZFO), is a promising electrode material for next generation Li-ion batteries because of its high theoretical capacity and low environmental impact. In this report, synthetic control of crystallite size from the nanometer to submicron scale enabled probing of the relationships between ZFO size and electrochemical behavior. A facile two-step coprecipitation and annealing preparation method was used to prepare ZFO with controlled sizes ranging ∼9 to >200 nm. Complementary synchrotron and electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the series of materials. Increasing the annealing temperature increased crystallinity and decreased microstrain, while local structural ordering was maintained independent of crystallite size. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the smaller sized materials delivered higher capacities during initial lithiation. Larger sized particles exhibited a lack of distinct electrochemical signatures above 1.0 V, suggesting that the longer diffusion length associated with greater crystallite size causes the lithiation process to proceed via non discrete lithium insertion, cation migration, and conversion processes. Notably, larger particles exhibited enhanced electrochemical reversibility over 50 cycles, with capacity retention improving from <20% to >40% at C/2 cycling rate. This intriguing result was probed through x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of the cycled electrodes. XAS revealed that the larger crystallite size materials do not completely convert to Fe0during the first lithiation and that independent of size, delithiation results in the formation of nanocrystalline FeO and ZnO phases rather than ZnFe2O4. After 20 cycles, the larger crystallites showed reversibility between partially oxidized FeO in the charged state and Fe0in the discharged state, while the smaller crystallite size material was electrochemically inactive as Fe0. XPS analysis revealed more significant solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on the cycled electrodes utilizing ZFO with smaller crystallite size. This finding suggests that excessive SEI buildup on the smaller sized, higher surface area ZFO particles contributes to their reduced electrochemical reversibility relative to the larger crystallite size materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian R Tallman
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Patrick J West
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Shan Yan
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Yao
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Calvin D Quilty
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Feng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - David C Bock
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Institute for Electrochemically Stored Energy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
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7
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Bock DC, Tallman KR, Guo H, Quilty C, Yan S, Smith PF, Zhang B, Lutz DM, McCarthy AH, Huie MM, Burnett V, Bruck AM, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES, Liu P, Takeuchi KJ. (De)lithiation of spinel ferrites Fe 3O 4, MgFe 2O 4, and ZnFe 2O 4: a combined spectroscopic, diffraction and theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26200-26215. [PMID: 33200756 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Iron based materials hold promise as next generation battery electrode materials for Li ion batteries due to their earth abundance, low cost, and low environmental impact. The iron oxide, magnetite Fe3O4, adopts the spinel (AB2O4) structure. Other 2+ cation transition metal centers can also occupy both tetrahedral and/or octahedral sites in the spinel structure including MgFe2O4, a partially inverse spinel, and ZnFe2O4, a normal spinel. Though structurally similar to Fe3O4 in the pristine state, previous studies suggest significant differences in structural evolution depending on the 2+ cation in the structure. This investigation involves X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction affirmed by density functional theory (DFT) to elucidate the role of the 2+ cation on the structural evolution and phase transformations during (de)lithiation of the spinel ferrites Fe3O4, MgFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4. The cation in the inverse, normal and partially inverse spinel structures located in the tetrahedral (8a) site migrates to the previously unoccupied octahedral 16c site by 2 electron equivalents of lithiation, resulting in a disordered [A]16c[B2]16dO4 structure. DFT calculations support the experimental results, predicting full displacement of the 8a cation to the 16c site at 2 electron equivalents. Substitution of the 2+ cation results in segregation of oxidized phases in the charged state. This report provides significant structural insight into the (de)lithiation mechanisms for an intriguing class of iron oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bock
- Energy Science and Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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8
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Du Z, Qiu Y, Niu T, Wang W, Ye X, Wang J, Zhang WL, Choi HJ, Zeng H. Bio-Inspired Passion Fruit-like Fe 3O 4@C Nanospheres Enabling High-Stability Magnetorheological Performances. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:7706-7714. [PMID: 32517475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids have been successfully utilized in versatile fields but are still limited by their relatively inferior long-term dispersion stability. Herein, bio-inspired passion fruit-like Fe3O4@C nanospheres were fabricated via a simple hydrothermal and calcination approach to tackle the settling challenge. The unique structures provide sufficient active interfaces for the penetration of carrier mediums, leading to preferable wettability between particles and medium oils. Compared with the bare Fe3O4 nanoparticle suspension, the resulting Fe3O4@C nanosphere-based MR fluid exhibits desirable stability and relatively low field-off viscosity even at a high particle concentration up to 35 vol %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Du
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xudan Ye
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wen Ling Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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9
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Wang L, Housel LM, Bock DC, Abraham A, Dunkin MR, McCarthy AH, Wu Q, Kiss A, Thieme J, Takeuchi ES, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi KJ. Deliberate Modification of Fe 3O 4 Anode Surface Chemistry: Impact on Electrochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19920-19932. [PMID: 31042346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 8-10 nm have been successfully functionalized with various surface-treatment agents to serve as model systems for probing surface chemistry-dependent electrochemistry of the resulting electrodes. The surface-treatment agents used for the functionalization of Fe3O4 anode materials were systematically varied to include aromatic or aliphatic structures: 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, benzoic acid (BA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and propionic acid (PA). Both structural and electrochemical characterizations have been used to systematically correlate the electrode functionality with the corresponding surface chemistry. Surface treatment with ligands led to better Fe3O4 dispersion, especially with the aromatic ligands. Electrochemistry was impacted where the PA- and BA-treated Fe3O4 systems without the -SH group demonstrated a higher rate capability than their thiol-containing counterparts and the pristine Fe3O4. Specifically, the PA system delivered the highest capacity and cycling stability among all samples tested. Notably, the aromatic BA system outperformed the aliphatic PA counterpart during extended cycling under high current density, due to the improved charge transfer and ion transport kinetics as well as better dispersion of Fe3O4 NPs, induced by the conjugated system. Our surface engineering of the Fe3O4 electrode presented herein, highlights the importance of modifying the structure and chemistry of surface-treatment agents as a plausible means of enhancing the interfacial charge transfer within metal oxide composite electrodes without hampering the resulting tap density of the resulting electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-3400 , United States
| | - Lisa M Housel
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-3400 , United States
| | - David C Bock
- Energy Sciences Directorate , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Alyson Abraham
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-3400 , United States
| | - Mikaela R Dunkin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-2275 , United States
| | - Alison H McCarthy
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-2275 , United States
| | - Qiyuan Wu
- Energy Sciences Directorate , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Andrew Kiss
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Building 743, Upton , New York 11973-5000 , United States
| | - Juergen Thieme
- National Synchrotron Light Source II , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Building 743, Upton , New York 11973-5000 , United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-3400 , United States
- Energy Sciences Directorate , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton , New York 11973 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-2275 , United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-3400 , United States
- Energy Sciences Directorate , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Building 734, Upton , New York 11973 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-2275 , United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-3400 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , State University of New York at Stony Brook , Stony Brook , New York 11794-2275 , United States
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10
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Um JH, Palanisamy K, Jeong M, Kim H, Yoon WS. Phase Dynamics on Conversion-Reaction-Based Tin-Doped Ferrite Anode for Next-Generation Lithium Batteries. ACS NANO 2019; 13:5674-5685. [PMID: 31026144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The conventional view of conversion reaction is based on the reversibility, returning to an initial material structure through reverse reaction at each cycle in cycle life, which impedes the complete understanding on a working mechanism upon a progression of cycles in conversion-reaction-based battery electrodes. Herein, a series of tin-doped ferrites (Fe3- xSn xO4, x = 0-0.36) are prepared and applied to a lithium-ion battery anode. By achieving the ideal reoxidation into SnO2, the Fe2.76Sn0.24O4 composite anchored on reduced graphene oxide shows a high reversible capacity of 1428 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 after 100 cycles, which is the best performance of Sn-based anode materials so far. Significantly, a newly formed γ-FeOOH phase after 100 cycles is identified from topological features through synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy with electronic and atomic structural information, suggesting the phase transformation from magnetite to lepidocrocite upon cycling. Contrary to the conventional view, our work suggests a variable working mechanism in an iron-based composite with the dynamic phases from iron oxide to iron oxyhydroxide in the battery cycle life, based on the reactivity of metal nanoparticles formed during reaction toward the solid electrolyte interface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Um
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , 440-746 , South Korea
| | - Kowsalya Palanisamy
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , 440-746 , South Korea
| | - Mihee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , 440-746 , South Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , 440-746 , South Korea
| | - Won-Sub Yoon
- Department of Energy Science , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , 440-746 , South Korea
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11
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Zhang W, Li Y, Wu L, Duan Y, Kisslinger K, Chen C, Bock DC, Pan F, Zhu Y, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES, Takeuchi KJ, Wang F. Multi-electron transfer enabled by topotactic reaction in magnetite. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1972. [PMID: 31036803 PMCID: PMC6488677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A bottleneck for the large-scale application of today’s batteries is low lithium storage capacity, largely due to the use of intercalation-type electrodes that allow one or less electron transfer per redox center. An appealing alternative is multi-electron transfer electrodes, offering excess capacity, which, however, involves conversion reaction; according to conventional wisdom, the host would collapse during the process, causing cycling instability. Here, we report real-time observation of topotactic reaction throughout the multi-electron transfer process in magnetite, unveiled by in situ single-crystal crystallography with corroboration of first principles calculations. Contradicting the traditional belief of causing structural breakdown, conversion in magnetite resembles an intercalation process—proceeding via topotactic reaction with the cubic close packed oxygen-anion framework retained. The findings from this study, with unique insights into enabling multi-electron transfer via topotactic reaction, and its implications to the cyclability and rate capability, shed light on designing viable multi-electron transfer electrodes for high energy batteries. In contrast to the conventional wisdom on conversion-driven structural collapse of the host, this work shows that lithium conversion in magnetite resembles the intercalation process, going via topotactic reactions, thereby enabling multi-electron transfer and high reversible capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yan Li
- American Physical Society, Ridge, NY, 11961, USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yandong Duan
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.,School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - David C Bock
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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12
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Huie MM, Bock DC, Bruck AM, Tallman KR, Housel LM, Wang L, Thieme J, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES, Marschilok AC. Isothermal Microcalorimetry: Insight into the Impact of Crystallite Size and Agglomeration on the Lithiation of Magnetite, Fe 3O 4. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7074-7086. [PMID: 30676021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite, Fe3O4, holds significant interest as a Li-ion anode material because of its high theoretical capacity (926 mAh/g) associated with multiple electron transfers per cation center. Notably, both crystallite size and agglomeration influence ion transport. This report probes the effects of crystallite size (12 and 29 nm) and agglomeration on the reactions involved with the formation of the surface electrolyte interphase on Fe3O4. Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) was used to determine the parasitic heat evolved during lithiation by considering the total heat measured, cell polarization, and entropic contributions. Interestingly, the 29 nm Fe3O4-based electrodes produced more parasitic heat than the 12 nm samples (1346 vs 1155 J/g). This observation was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping in conjunction with spatially resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). SEM imaging of the electrodes revealed more agglomerates for the 12 nm material, affirmed by XRF maps. Further, XAS results suggest that Li+ transport is more restricted for the smaller crystallite size (12 nm) material, attributed to its greater degree of agglomeration. These results rationalize the IMC data, where agglomerates of the 12 nm material limit solid electrolyte interphase formation and parasitic heat generation during lithiation of Fe3O4.
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13
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Xiao Z, Li Y, Liang C, Bao R, Yang M, Yang W. Scalable Synthesis of an Artificial Polydopamine Solid‐Electrolyte‐Interface‐Assisted 3D rGO/Fe
3
O
4
@PDA Hydrogel for a Highly Stable Anode with Enhanced Lithium‐Ion‐Storage Properties. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Chao Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065
| | - Yan Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065
| | - Cheng‐Lu Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringFujian University of Technology Fuzhou 350108
| | - Rui‐Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065
| | - Ming‐Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065
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14
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Liang T, Wang H, Xu D, Liao K, Wang R, He B, Gong Y, Yan C. High-energy flexible quasi-solid-state lithium-ion capacitors enabled by a freestanding rGO-encapsulated Fe 3O 4 nanocube anode and a holey rGO film cathode. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17814-17823. [PMID: 30221261 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible energy storage devices have become critical components for next-generation portable electronics. In the present work, a flexible quasi-solid-state lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is developed based on graphene-based bendable freestanding films in a gel polymer electrolyte. A graphene encapsulated Fe3O4 nanocube hybrid film (rGO@Fe3O4) has been fabricated as the anode of LICs through a filtration assisted self-assembly and the subsequent thermal annealing process. In this hybrid architecture, flexible and ultrathin graphene shells uniformly enwrap the Fe3O4 within the whole film, which can effectively suppress the aggregation of Fe3O4 and also accommodate the volume change of Fe3O4 during the cycling process. As a consequence, the electrochemical performance of the rGO@Fe3O4 half-cell versus Li/Li+ shows high specific capacity (731 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), excellent rate capability (210 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1) and superior cycling stability (98% retention after 600 cycles). After chemically etching rGO@Fe3O4 with hydrochloric acid, a holey rGO film is successfully obtained as a high-rate cathode of LICs. On the basis of such a flexible anode and cathode, the as-fabricated quasi-solid-state LIC device delivers a high energy density of 148 W h kg-1, a high power density of 25 kW kg-1 (achieved at 70 W h kg-1) and an excellent capacity retention of 82% after 2000 cycles. More importantly, the rGO@Fe3O4//holey rGO LIC shows good mechanical flexibility with stable Li-storage capacities under harsh bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Material and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Lu Mo Road 388, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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15
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Ma J, Guo X, Yan Y, Xue H, Pang H. FeO x -Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700986. [PMID: 29938176 PMCID: PMC6010812 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxides (FeO x ), such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 materials, have attracted much attention because of their rich abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, FeO x , which is similar to most transition metal oxides, possesses a poor rate capability and cycling life. Thus, FeO x -based materials consisting of FeO x , carbon, and metal-based materials have been widely explored. This article mainly discusses FeO x -based materials (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) for electrochemical energy storage applications, including supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries (e.g., lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries). Furthermore, future perspectives and challenges of FeO x -based materials for electrochemical energy storage are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Innovative Materials and EnergyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Innovative Materials and EnergyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Innovative Materials and EnergyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Huaiguo Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Innovative Materials and EnergyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuP. R. China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Innovative Materials and EnergyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuP. R. China
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16
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Lininger CN, Brady NW, West AC. Equilibria and Rate Phenomena from Atomistic to Mesoscale: Simulation Studies of Magnetite. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:583-590. [PMID: 29498267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Batteries are dynamic devices composed of multiple components that operate far from equilibrium and may operate under extreme stress and varying loads. Studies of isolated battery components are valuable to the fundamental understanding of the physical processes occurring within each constituent element. When the components are integrated into a full device and operated under realistic conditions, it can be difficult to decouple the physical processes that occur across multiple interfaces and multiple length scales. Thus, the physical processes studied in isolated components may change in a full battery setup or may be irrelevant to performance. Simulation studies on many length scales play a key role in the analysis of experiments and in the elucidation of the relevant physical processes impacting performance. In this Account, we aim to highlight the use of modeling on multiple length scales to identify rate limiting phenomena in lithium-ion batteries. To illustrate the utility of modeling, we examine lithium-ion batteries with nanostructured magnetite, Fe3O4, as the positive electrode active material against a solid Li0 negative electrode. Due to continuous operation away from equilibrium, batteries exhibit highly nonideal behavior, and a model that aims to reproduce behavior under realistic operating conditions must be able to capture the physics occurring on the length scales relevant to the performance of the system. It is our experience that limiting behavior in lithium-ion batteries can be observed on the atomic scale and up through the electrode scale and thus, predictive models must be capable of integrating and communicating physics across multiple length scales. Magnetite is studied as an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries, but it is found to suffer from slow solid-state transport of lithium, slow reaction kinetics, and poor cycling. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a material capable of undergoing multiple electron transfers (MET), and can accept up to eight lithium per formula unit (Li8Fe3O4). Magnetite, (Fe8a3+)[Fe3+Fe2+]16dO4,32e2-, has a close-packed inverse spinel structure and undergoes intercalation, structural rearrangement, and conversion reactions upon full lithiation. (1) To overcome solid-state transport resistances, magnetite can be nanostructured to decrease Li+ diffusion lengths, and this has been shown to increase capacity. Additionally, unique architectures incorporating both carbon and Fe3O4 have shown to alleviate transport and cycling issues in the material. (2) Here, we solely address traditional composite electrodes, in which Fe3O4 is synthesized as nanoparticles and combined with additives to fabricate the electrode. In the case of nanoparticulate magnetite, it has been found that the electrode fabrication process results in the formation of micrometer-sized agglomerates of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, introducing a secondary structural motif. The agglomerates may form in one or more fabrication processes, and their elimination may not be straightforward or warranted. Here, we highlight the impact of these secondary formations on the performance of the Fe3O4 lithium-ion battery. We illustrate how simulations can be used to design experiments, prioritize research efforts, and predict performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianna N. Lininger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas W. Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alan C. West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Bock DC, Pelliccione CJ, Zhang W, Timoshenko J, Knehr KW, West AC, Wang F, Li Y, Frenkel AI, Takeuchi ES, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC. Size dependent behavior of Fe 3O 4 crystals during electrochemical (de)lithiation: an in situ X-ray diffraction, ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:20867-20880. [PMID: 28745341 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03312e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The iron oxide magnetite, Fe3O4, is a promising conversion type lithium ion battery anode material due to its high natural abundance, low cost and high theoretical capacity. While the close packing of ions in the inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 enables high energy density, it also limits the kinetics of lithium ion diffusion in the material. Nanosizing of Fe3O4 to reduce the diffusion path length is an effective strategy for overcoming this issue and results in improved rate capability. However, the impact of nanosizing on the multiple structural transformations that occur during the electrochemical (de)lithiation reaction in Fe3O4 is poorly understood. In this study, the influence of crystallite size on the lithiation-conversion mechanisms in Fe3O4 is investigated using complementary X-ray techniques along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and continuum level simulations on electrodes of two different Fe3O4 crystallite sizes. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were utilized to track the changes to the crystalline phases during (de)lithiation. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements at multiple points during the (de)lithiation processes provided local electronic and atomic structural information. Tracking the crystalline and nanocrystalline phases during the first (de)lithiation provides experimental evidence that (1) the lithiation mechanism is non-uniform and dependent on crystallite size, where increased Li+ diffusion length in larger crystals results in conversion to Fe0 metal while insertion of Li+ into spinel-Fe3O4 is still occurring, and (2) the disorder and size of the Fe metal domains formed when either material is fully lithiated impacts the homogeneity of the FeO phase formed during the subsequent delithiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bock
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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18
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Shi Y, Zhou X, Yu G. Material and Structural Design of Novel Binder Systems for High-Energy, High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2642-2652. [PMID: 28981258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developing high-performance battery systems requires the optimization of every battery component, from electrodes and electrolyte to binder systems. However, the conventional strategy to fabricate battery electrodes by casting a mixture of active materials, a nonconductive polymer binder, and a conductive additive onto a metal foil current collector usually leads to electronic or ionic bottlenecks and poor contacts due to the randomly distributed conductive phases. When high-capacity electrode materials are employed, the high stress generated during electrochemical reactions disrupts the mechanical integrity of traditional binder systems, resulting in decreased cycle life of batteries. Thus, it is critical to design novel binder systems that can provide robust, low-resistance, and continuous internal pathways to connect all regions of the electrode. In this Account, we review recent progress on material and structural design of novel binder systems. Nonconductive polymers with rich carboxylic groups have been adopted as binders to stabilize ultrahigh-capacity inorganic electrodes that experience large volume or structural change during charge/discharge, due to their strong binding capability to active particles. To enhance the energy density of batteries, different strategies have been adopted to design multifunctional binder systems based on conductive polymers because they can play dual functions of both polymeric binders and conductive additives. We first present that multifunctional binder systems have been designed by tailoring the molecular structures of conductive polymers. Different functional groups are introduced to the polymeric backbone to enable multiple functionalities, allowing separated optimization of the mechanical and swelling properties of the binders without detrimental effect on electronic property. We then describe the design of multifunctional binder systems via rationally controlling their nano- and molecular structures, developing the conductive polymer gel binders with 3D framework nanostructures. These gel binders provide multiple functions owing to their structure derived properties. The gel framework facilitates both electronic and ionic transport owing to the continuous pathways for electrons and hierarchical pores for ion diffusion. The polymer coating formed on every particle acts as surface modification and prevents particle aggregation. The mechanically strong and ductile gel framework also sustains long-term stability of electrodes. In addition, the structures and properties of gel binders can be facilely tuned. We further introduce the development of multifunctional binders by hybridizing conductive polymers with other functional materials. Meanwhile mechanistic understanding on the roles that novel binders play in the electrochemical processes of batteries is also reviewed to reveal general design rules for future binder systems. We conclude with perspectives on their future development with novel multifunctionalities involved. Highly efficient binder systems with well-tailored molecular and nanostructures are critical to reach the entire volume of the battery and maximize energy use for high-energy and high-power lithium batteries. We hope this Account promotes further efforts toward synthetic control, fundamental investigation, and application exploration of multifunctional binder materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering
Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xingyi Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering
Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering
Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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19
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Lu Y, Zhang R, Cao B, Ge B, Tao FF, Shan J, Nguyen L, Bao Z, Wu T, Pote JW, Wang B, Yu F. Elucidating the Copper–Hägg Iron Carbide Synergistic Interactions for Selective CO Hydrogenation to Higher Alcohols. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwu Lu
- Department
of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Riguang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baobao Cao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Junjun Shan
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Zhenghong Bao
- Department
of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Tianpin Wu
- X-ray Science
Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Pote
- Department
of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Baojun Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department
of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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20
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Knehr KW, Cama CA, Brady NW, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES, West AC. Simulations of Lithium-Magnetite Electrodes Incorporating Phase Change. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Shi Y, Zhang J, Bruck AM, Zhang Y, Li J, Stach EA, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES, Yu G. A Tunable 3D Nanostructured Conductive Gel Framework Electrode for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603922. [PMID: 28328016 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study develops a tunable 3D nanostructured conductive gel framework as both binder and conductive framework for lithium ion batteries. A 3D nanostructured gel framework with continuous electron pathways can provide hierarchical pores for ion transport and form uniform coatings on each active particle against aggregation. The hybrid gel electrodes based on a polypyrrole gel framework and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles as a model system in this study demonstrate the best rate performance, the highest achieved mass ratio of active materials, and the highest achieved specific capacities when considering total electrode mass, compared to current literature. This 3D nanostructured gel-based framework represents a powerful platform for various electrochemically active materials to enable the next-generation high-energy batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrea M Bruck
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yiman Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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22
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Bock DC, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES. Deliberate modification of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during lithiation of magnetite, Fe3O4: impact on electrochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:13145-13148. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc07142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the first chemical and thermal evidence of solid electrolyte interphase modification on Fe3O4 electrodes via FEC electrolyte additive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth J. Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Esther S. Takeuchi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
- Stony Brook University
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23
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Cockscomb-like Mn-doped Mn x Fe1−x CO3 as anode materials for a high-performance lithium-ion battery. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-016-1028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Yang Y, Li J, Chen D, Zhao J. A Facile Electrophoretic Deposition Route to the Fe 3O 4/CNTs/rGO Composite Electrode as a Binder-Free Anode for Lithium Ion Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26730-26739. [PMID: 27622860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fe3O4 is regarded as an attractive anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, natural abundance, and low cost. However, the poor cyclic performance resulting from the low conductivity and huge volume change during cycling impedes its application. Here we have developed a facile electrophoretic deposition route to fabricate the Fe3O4/CNTs (carbon nanotubes)/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) composite electrode, simultaneously achieving material synthesis and electrode assembling. Even without binders, the adhesion and mechanical firmness of the electrode are strong enough to be used for LIB anode. In this specific structure, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) interconnected by CNTs are sandwiched by rGO layers to form a robust network with good conductivity. The resulting Fe3O4/CNTs/rGO composite electrode exhibits much improved electrochemical performance (high reversible capacity of 540 mAh g-1 at a very high current density of 10 A g-1, and a remarkable capacity of 1080 mAh g-1 can be maintained after 450 cycles at 1 A g-1) compared with that of commercial Fe3O4 NPs electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dingqiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinbao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
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25
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Abraham A, Housel LM, Lininger CN, Bock D, Jou J, Wang F, West AC, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES. Investigating the Complex Chemistry of Functional Energy Storage Systems: The Need for an Integrative, Multiscale (Molecular to Mesoscale) Perspective. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:380-387. [PMID: 27413781 PMCID: PMC4919774 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electric energy storage systems such as batteries can significantly impact society in a variety of ways, including facilitating the widespread deployment of portable electronic devices, enabling the use of renewable energy generation for local off grid situations and providing the basis of highly efficient power grids integrated with energy production, large stationary batteries, and the excess capacity from electric vehicles. A critical challenge for electric energy storage is understanding the basic science associated with the gap between the usable output of energy storage systems and their theoretical energy contents. The goal of overcoming this inefficiency is to achieve more useful work (w) and minimize the generation of waste heat (q). Minimization of inefficiency can be approached at the macro level, where bulk parameters are identified and manipulated, with optimization as an ultimate goal. However, such a strategy may not provide insight toward the complexities of electric energy storage, especially the inherent heterogeneity of ion and electron flux contributing to the local resistances at numerous interfaces found at several scale lengths within a battery. Thus, the ability to predict and ultimately tune these complex systems to specific applications, both current and future, demands not just parametrization at the bulk scale but rather specific experimentation and understanding over multiple length scales within the same battery system, from the molecular scale to the mesoscale. Herein, we provide a case study examining the insights and implications from multiscale investigations of a prospective battery material, Fe3O4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lisa M. Housel
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Christianna N. Lininger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David
C. Bock
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jeffrey Jou
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alan C. West
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Amy C. Marschilok
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Esther S. Takeuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Energy Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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