1
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Napierała S, Kubicki M, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Toward Electrochromic Metallopolymers: Synthesis and Properties of Polyazomethines Based on Complexes of Transition-Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14011-14021. [PMID: 34396778 PMCID: PMC8456411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tridentate ligand L and its complexes with transition-metal ions have been prepared and characterized. The polycondensation reactions of transition-metal complexes with different dialdehydes led to the formation of transition-metal-complex-based polyazomethines, which have been obtained by on-substrate polymerization, and their electrochemical and electrochromic performance have been investigated. The most interesting properties are exhibited by polymers of Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions obtained by the reaction of the appropriate complexes with a triphenylamine-based dialdehyde. Fe(II) polymer P1 undergoes a reversible oxidation/reduction process and a color change from orange to gray due to the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) ions concomitant with the oxidation of the triphenylamine group. Its electrochromic properties such as long-term stability, switching times, and coloration efficiencies have been investigated, providing evidence of the utility of the on-substrate polycondensation reaction in the formation of thin films of electrochromic metallopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiusz Napierała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Wałęsa-Chorab
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Ionescu A, Godbert N, Termine R, La Deda M, Amati M, Lelj F, Crispini A, Golemme A, Ghedini M, Garcia-Orduña P, Aiello I. Photoconductive Properties and Electronic Structure in 3,5-Disubstituted 2-(2'-Pyridyl)Pyrroles Coordinated to a Pd(II) Salicylideneiminate Synthon. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9287-9301. [PMID: 34126007 PMCID: PMC8277164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis and the electrochemical, photophysical, structural,
and photoconductive properties of three new heteroleptic Pd(II) complexes
with various 3′,5′- disubstituted-2-(2′-pyridil)
pyrroles H(N^N) as coordinated ligands are reported. The coordination
of the metal center was completed by a functionalized Schiff base
H(O^N) used as an ancillary ligand. The [(N^N)Pd(O^N)] complexes showed
highly interesting photoconductive properties which have been correlated
to their electronic and molecular structures. Theoretical density
functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were performed,
and the results were confronted with the organization in crystalline
phase, allowing to point out that the photoconductive properties are
mainly a consequence of an efficient intramolecular ligand-to-metal
charge transfer, combined to the proximity between the central metal
and the donor moieties in the solid-state molecular stacks. The reported
results confirm that these new Pd(II) complexes form a novel class
of organometallic photoconductors with intrinsic characteristics suitable
for molecular semiconductors applications. The first evidence of enhancement of the role of d* orbitals
in improving photoconduction in crystalline Pd(II) complexes comprising
2-(2′-pyridyl)pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ionescu
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Roberto Termine
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mario Amati
- Dipartimento di Scienze and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Basilicata, Università della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Lelj
- Dipartimento di Scienze and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Basilicata, Università della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Attilio Golemme
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mauro Ghedini
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pilar Garcia-Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Pza. San Francisco s/n, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Iolinda Aiello
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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3
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Banasz R, Kubicki M, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Yellow-to-brown and yellow-to-green electrochromic devices based on complexes of transition metal ions with a triphenylamine-based ligand. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15041-15053. [PMID: 33103702 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03232h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmissive-to-colored electrochromism has been achieved by combination of MLCT of transition metal complexes with the electrochromic properties of ligand molecules. The color transitions were from yellow to dark brown for the Fe(ii) complex, yellow to orange to bluish-green for the Co(ii) complex and yellow to green for the Zn(ii) complex. By using a metal ion-ligand coordination approach, the self-assembly of hydrazone-based ligands containing a triphenylamine group with appropriate metal salts (FeCl2, Co(ClO4)2 and Zn(BF4)2) produced novel complexes of the general formula [ML2]X2. The isolated complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, and the Co(ii) complex also by X-ray diffraction analysis. Thin films of the complexes have been obtained by a spray-coating method and they were used in the construction of electrochromic devices, which showed good electrochromic stability, a high color contrast of 47.5% for Fe(ii), 37.2% for Co(ii) and 33.7% for Zn(ii) complexes and fast coloring and bleaching times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Banasz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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4
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Textile Based Electrochromic Cells Prepared with PEDOT: PSS and Gelled Electrolyte. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195691. [PMID: 33036136 PMCID: PMC7582612 DOI: 10.3390/s20195691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices can act as passive displays. They change their color when a low voltage is applied. Flexible and bendable hybrid textile-film electrochromic devices with poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared on polyethylene polyethylene terephthalate (PEPES) membranes using a spray coating technique. The electrolyte consisted of a gelatin glycerol mixture as host matrix and calcium chloride. Titanium dioxide was used as an ion storage layer and a carbon containing dispersion was used for the counter electrode on a polyester rip-stop fabric. The sheet resistance of PEDOT:PSS on PEPES was 500 Ohm/sq. A 5 × 5 electrochromic matrix with individually addressable pixels was successfully designed and assembled. The switching time of the pixels was 2 s at a voltage of 2.0 V directly after assembling. The use of titanium dioxide as ion storage also increased the contrast of the dark-blue reduced electrochromic layer. Coloration was not self-sustaining. The PEDOT:PSS layer needed a constant low voltage of at least 0.5 V to sustain in the dark-blue reduced state. The switching time increased with time. After 12 months the switching time was ~4 s at a voltage of 2.8 V. The addition of glycerol into the electrolyte extended the lifetime of a non-encapsulated textile electrochromic cell, because moisture is retained in the electrolyte. Charge carriers can be transported into and out of the electrochromic layer.
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5
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Electrochromic response of pulsed laser deposited oxygen deficient monoclinic β-MoO3 thin films. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Wang Z, Gong W, Wang X, Chen Z, Chen X, Chen J, Sun H, Song G, Cong S, Geng F, Zhao Z. Remarkable Near-Infrared Electrochromism in Tungsten Oxide Driven by Interlayer Water-Induced Battery-to-Pseudocapacitor Transition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33917-33925. [PMID: 32578418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) electrochromism is of academic and technological interest for a variety of applications in advanced solar heat regulation, photodynamic therapy, optical telecommunications, and military camouflage. However, inorganic materials with outstanding NIR modulation capability are quite few. Herein, we propose a promising strategy for achieving strong NIR electrochromism in tungsten oxide that is closely related to its electrochemical transformation from battery-type behavior to pseudocapacitance, induced by introducing an interlayer space with water molecules within tungsten oxide. Further evidence demonstrates that the interlayer water molecules significantly reduced the energy barrier to ion diffusion and increased the ion flux in tungsten oxide. As a result, compared with anhydrous WO3, the as-synthesized WO3·2H2O nanoplates exhibited remarkably improved NIR electrochromic properties, including a large transmittance modulation (90.4%), high coloration efficiency (322.6 cm2 C-1), and high cyclic stability (maintaining 93.7% after 500 cycles), which were comparable to those of the best reported NIR electrochromic materials. Moreover, the application of the WO3·2H2O nanoplate-based electrochromic device resulted in a temperature difference of 11.9 °C, indicating good solar thermal regulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Mathematics and Physical Science, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongzhao Sun
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fengxia Geng
- College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Near-infrared electrochromism of multilayer films of a cyclometalated diruthenium complex prepared by layer-by-layer deposition on metal oxide substrates. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Yin H, Yang T, Wang KZ, Tong J, Yu SY. Unusual Photoelectrochemical Properties of Electropolymerized Films of a Triphenylamine-Containing Organic Small Molecule. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:12620-12629. [PMID: 31500421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electropolymerized films of poly(L)n on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode was prepared by anodic electrooxidation of a dichloromethane solution of a triphenylamine-carrying organic molecule L and were characterized/studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Poly(L)n films were found to show surface-controlled TPA•+1/0 associated quasi-reversible redox and exceptionally high photocurrent generation properties. At a zero external bias potential and under 100 mW/cm2 white light irradiation, a photoelectrochemical device composed of a poly(L)1-modified ITO as the working electode, a platinum disk counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode reference electrode in a 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution exhibited a significant cathode photocurrent density of 2.2 μA/cm2, which could be switched to be anodic and outperform most previously reported molecule-based modified ITO electrodes under similar experimental conditions. The results indicate that poly(L)n films offer a number of future perspectives ranging from organic photovoltaic to photoelectrochemical catalysis and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Zhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Laboratory for Self-Assembly Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Industry, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
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9
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Ionescu A, Caligiuri R, Godbert N, Candreva A, La Deda M, Furia E, Ghedini M, Aiello I. Electropolymerizable Ir III Complexes with β-Ketoiminate Ancillary Ligands. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3025-3034. [PMID: 31291044 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of electropolymerizable cyclometallated IrIII complexes were synthesized and their electrochemical and photophysical properties studied. The triphenylamine electropolymerizable fragment was introduced by using triphenylamine-2-phenylpyridine and, respectively, triphenylamine-benzothiazole as cyclometalated ligands. The coordination sphere was completed by two differently substituted β-ketoiminate ligands deriving from the condensation of acetylacetone or hexafluoroacetylacetone with para-bromoaniline. The influence of the -CH3 /-CF3 substitution to the electrochemical and photophysical properties was investigated. Both complexes with CH3 substituted β-ketoiminate were emissive in solution and in solid state. Highly stable films were electrodeposited onto ITO coated glass substrates. Their emission was quenched by electron trapping within the polymeric network as proven by electrochemical studies. The -CF3 substitution of the β-ketoiminate leads instead to the quenching of the emission and inhibits electropolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ionescu
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rossella Caligiuri
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy
| | - Nicolas Godbert
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Angela Candreva
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emilia Furia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 12/D, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Mauro Ghedini
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Iolinda Aiello
- MAT-INLAB (Laboratorio di Materiali Molecolari Inorganici) and LASCAMM-CR INSTM, Unità INSTM della Calabria, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di, Rende (CS, Italy.,CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia U.O.S. Cosenza, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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10
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Banasz R, Wałęsa-Chorab M. Polymeric complexes of transition metal ions as electrochromic materials: Synthesis and properties. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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11
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Li ZJ, Shao JY, Wu SH, Zhong YW. Nanocrystalline Sb-doped SnO 2 films modified with cyclometalated ruthenium complexes for two-step electrochromism. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2197-2205. [PMID: 30675878 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04968h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sb-Doped nanocrystalline SnO2 (SnO2:Sb) thin films functionalized with cyclometalated ruthenium complexes 1 or 2 on FTO conductive glasses have been prepared and characterized. These complexes contain a redox-active amine unit separated from the ruthenium ion by a phenyl or biphenyl linker, respectively, to modify the absorption wavelengths at different redox states. Near-infrared electrochromism of both films has been examined by oxidative spectroelectrochemical measurements and double-potential-step chronoamperometry. A contrast ratio (ΔT%) of 33% at 1070 nm and 63% at 696 nm has been achieved for the SnO2:Sb/1 film in two stepwise oxidation processes, respectively. The other film with complex 2 shows two-step electrochromism at 1310 and 806 nm with ΔT% of 36% and 76%, respectively. The response time of electrochromic switching is around a few seconds. Taking advantage of the good contrast ratio, the rapid response, and the long retention time of each oxidation state, these films have been successfully used to demonstrate surface-confined flip-flop memory functions with a high ON/OFF ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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12
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Çakmak D, Çakran S, Yalçinkaya S, Demetgül C. Synthesis of salen-type Schiff base metal complexes, electropolymerization on graphite electrode surface and investigation of electrocatalytic effects. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Grafting triphenylamine groups onto polysiloxanes to improve interaction between the electrochromic films and ITO. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Li ZJ, Shao JY, Zhong YW. Near-Infrared and Two-Wavelength Electrochromism Based on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films Functionalized with Ruthenium-Amine Conjugated Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8538-8546. [PMID: 28654287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Juan Li
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National
Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 2 Bei Yi Jie, Zhong Guan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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15
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Wu SH, Shao JY, Dai X, Cui X, Su H, Zhong YW. Synthesis and Characterization of Tris(bidentate) Ruthenium Complexes of Di(pyrid-2-yl)(methyl)amine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hai Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Huaqiao University; 362021 Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Huaqiao University; 362021 Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Hongmei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; 100875 Beijing China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
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Santhosh S, Mathankumar M, Selva Chandrasekaran S, Nanda Kumar AK, Murugan P, Subramanian B. Effect of Ablation Rate on the Microstructure and Electrochromic Properties of Pulsed-Laser-Deposited Molybdenum Oxide Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:19-33. [PMID: 28001078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is a well-known electrochromic material. In the present work, n-type α-MoO3 thin films with both direct and indirect band gaps were fabricated by varying the laser repetition (ablation) rate in a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) system at a constant reactive O2 pressure. The electrochromic properties of the films are compared and correlated to the microstructure and molecular-level coordination. Mixed amorphous and textured crystallites evolve at the microstructural level. At the molecular level, using NMR and EPR, we show that the change in the repetition rate results in a variation of the molybdenum coordination with oxygen: at low repetition rates (2 Hz), the larger the octahedral coordination, and greater the texture, whereas at 10 Hz, tetrahedral coordination is significant. The anion vacancies also introduce a large density of defect states into the band gap, as evidenced by XPS studies of the valence band and supported by DFT calculations. The electrochromic contrast improved remarkably by almost 100% at higher repetition rates whereas the switching speed decreased by almost 6-fold. Although the electrochromic contrast and coloration efficiency were better at higher repetition rates, the switching speed, reversibility, and stability were better at low repetition rates. This difference in the electrochromic properties of the two MoO3 films is attributed to the variation in the defect and molecular coordination states of the Mo cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santhosh
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi- 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - M Mathankumar
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi- 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - S Selva Chandrasekaran
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi- 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - A K Nanda Kumar
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi- 630 003, India
| | - P Murugan
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi- 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - B Subramanian
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi- 630 003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Central Electrochemical Research Institute , Karaikudi 630 003, India
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