1
|
Rousseva S, Raul BAL, van Kooij FS, Kuevda AV, Birudula S, Hummelen JC, Pshenichnikov MS, Chiechi RC. Investigating the dielectric properties and exciton diffusion in C 70 derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13763-13772. [PMID: 35612289 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the dielectric constant (εr) of organic semiconductors (OSCs) has been of interest in the organic photovoltaic (OPV) community due to its potential influence on the exciton binding energy. Despite progress in the design of high εr OSCs and the accurate measurement of the εr, the effects of the synthetic strategies on specific (opto)electronic properties of the OSCs remain uncertain. In this contribution, the effects of εr on the optical properties of five new C70 derivatives and [70]PCBM are investigated. Together with [70]PCBM, the derivatives have a range of εr values that depend on the polarity and length of the side chains. The properties of the singlet excitons are investigated in detail with steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy and the exciton diffusion length is measured. All six derivatives show similar photophysical properties in the neat films. However, large differences in the crystallinity of the fullerene films influence the exciton dynamics in blend films. This work shows that design principles for OSCs with a higher εr can have a very different influence on the performance of traditional BHJ devices and in neat films and it is important to consider the neat film properties when investigating the optoelectronic properties of new materials for OPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Rousseva
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Benedito A L Raul
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Felien S van Kooij
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexey V Kuevda
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Srikanth Birudula
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan C Hummelen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maxim S Pshenichnikov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ryan C Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li P, Fang J, Wang Y, Manzhos S, Cai L, Song Z, Li Y, Song T, Wang X, Guo X, Zhang M, Ma D, Sun B. Synergistic Effect of Dielectric Property and Energy Transfer on Charge Separation in Non-Fullerene-Based Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15054-15062. [PMID: 33872454 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In non-fullerene-based photovoltaic devices, it is unclear how excitons efficiently dissociate into charge carriers under small driving force. Here, we developed a modified method to estimate dielectric constants of PM6 donor and non-fullerene acceptors. Surprisingly, most non-fullerene acceptors and blend films showed higher dielectric constants. Moreover, they exhibited larger dielectric constants differences at the optical frequency. These results are likely bound to reduced exciton binding energy and bimolecular recombination. Besides, the overlap between the emission spectrum of donor and absorption spectra of non-fullerene acceptors allowed the energy transfer from donor to acceptors. Hence, based on the synergistic effect of dielectric property and energy transfer resulting in efficient charge separation, our finding paves an alternative path to elucidate the physical working mechanism in non-fullerene-based photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jin Fang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Lei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li P, Fang J, Wang Y, Manzhos S, Cai L, Song Z, Li Y, Song T, Wang X, Guo X, Zhang M, Ma D, Sun B. Synergistic Effect of Dielectric Property and Energy Transfer on Charge Separation in Non‐Fullerene‐Based Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pandeng Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Jin Fang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Lei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zheheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xia Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Maojie Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Center of Energy, Materials and Telecommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University 199 Ren'ai Road Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Douvogianni E, Qiu X, Qiu L, Jahani F, Kooistra FB, Hummelen JC, Chiechi RC. Soft Nondamaging Contacts Formed from Eutectic Ga-In for the Accurate Determination of Dielectric Constants of Organic Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018; 30:5527-5533. [PMID: 30197469 PMCID: PMC6122948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A method for accurately measuring the relative dielectric constant (εr) of thin films of soft, organic materials is described. The effects of the bombardment of these materials with hot Al atoms, the most commonly used top electrode, are mitigated by using electrodes fabricated from eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn). The geometry of the electrode is defined by injection into microchannels to form stable structures that are nondamaging and that conform to the topology of the organic thin film. The εr of a series of references and new organic materials, polymers, and fullerene derivatives was derived from impedance spectroscopy measurements for both Al and EGaIn electrodes showing the specific limitations of Al with soft, organic materials and overcoming them with EGaIn to determine their dielectric properties and provide realistic values of εr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Douvogianni
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Li Qiu
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatemeh Jahani
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris B. Kooistra
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C. Hummelen
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute
for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sami S, Haase PAB, Alessandri R, Broer R, Havenith RWA. Can the Dielectric Constant of Fullerene Derivatives Be Enhanced by Side-Chain Manipulation? A Predictive First-Principles Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3919-3926. [PMID: 29561616 PMCID: PMC5911807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
low efficiency of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has often
been attributed to the strong Coulombic interactions between the electron
and hole, impeding the charge separation process. Recently, it has
been argued that by increasing the dielectric constant of materials
used in OPVs, this strong interaction could be screened. In this work,
we report the application of periodic density functional theory together
with the coupled perturbed Kohn–Sham method to calculate the
electronic contribution to the dielectric constant for fullerene C60 derivatives, a ubiquitous class of molecules in the field
of OPVs. The results show good agreement with experimental data when
available and also reveal an important undesirable outcome when manipulating
the side chain to maximize the static dielectric constant: in all
cases, the electronic contribution to the dielectric constant decreases
as the side chain increases in size. This information should encourage
both theoreticians and experimentalists to further investigate the
relevance of contributions to the dielectric constant from slower
processes like vibrations and dipolar reorientations for facilitating
the charge separation, because electronically, enlarging the side
chain of conventional fullerene derivatives only lowers the dielectric
constant, and consequently, their electronic dielectric constant is
upper bound by the one of C60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Remco W A Havenith
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281-(S3) , B-9000 Ghent , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schulz M, Mack M, Kolloge O, Lützen A, Schiek M. Organic photodiodes from homochiral l-proline derived squaraine compounds with strong circular dichroism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6996-7008. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of inserting highly circular dichroic active layers into an organic photodiode as a potential detector for circular polarized light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schulz
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Majvor Mack
- Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory
- Institute of Physics
- University of Oldenburg
- D-26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Oliver Kolloge
- Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory
- Institute of Physics
- University of Oldenburg
- D-26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory
- Institute of Physics
- University of Oldenburg
- D-26129 Oldenburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|