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Yu M, Sui PF, Tang YF, Zhang T, Liu S, Fu XZ, Luo JL, Liu S. Visualizing Electrochemical CO 2 Conversion via the Emerging Scanning Electrochemical Microscope: Fundamentals, Applications and Perspectives. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301778. [PMID: 38741551 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development and maturity of electrochemical CO2 conversion involving cathodic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), conventional ex situ characterizations gradually fall behind in detecting real-time products distribution, tracking intermediates, and monitoring structural evolution, etc. Nevertheless, advanced in situ techniques, with intriguing merits like good reproducibility, facile operability, high sensitivity, and short response time, can realize in situ detection and recording of dynamic data, and observe materials structural evolution in real time. As an emerging visual technique, scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) presents local electrochemical signals on various materials surface through capturing micro-current caused by reactants oxidation and reduction. Importantly, SECM holds particular potentials in visualizing reactive intermediates at active sites and obtaining instantaneous morphology evolution images to reveal the intrinsic reactivity of active sites. Therefore, this review focuses on SECM fundamentals and its specific applications toward CO2RR and OER, mainly including electrochemical behavior observation on local regions of various materials, target products and onset potentials identification in real-time, reaction pathways clarification, reaction kinetics exploration under steady-state conditions, electroactive materials screening and multi-techniques coupling for a joint utilization. This review undoubtedly provides a leading guidance to extend various SECM applications to other energy-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sui
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yu-Feng Tang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Xian-Zhu Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jing-Li Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Subiao Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
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Lei L, Huang D, Chen S, Zhang C, Chen Y, Deng R. Metal chalcogenide/oxide-based quantum dots decorated functional materials for energy-related applications: Synthesis and preservation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Han L, Hu Z, Sartin MM, Wang X, Zhao X, Cao Y, Yan Y, Zhan D, Tian ZQ. Direct Nanomachining on Semiconductor Wafer By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21129-21134. [PMID: 32737918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is one of the most important instrumental methods of modern electrochemistry due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. We introduced SECM into nanomachining by feeding the electrochemical modulations of the tip electrode back to the positioning system, and we demonstrated that SECM is a versatile nanomachining technique on semiconductor wafers using electrochemically induced chemical etching. The removal profile was correlated to the applied tip current when the tip was held stationary and when it was moving slowly (<20 μm s-1 ), and it followed Faraday's law. Both regular and irregular nanopatterns were translated into a spatially distributed current by the homemade digitally controlled SECM instrument. The desired nanopatterns were "sculpted" directly on a semiconductor wafer by SECM direct-writing mode. The machining accuracy was controlled to the sub-micrometer and even nanometer scales. This advance is expected to play an important role in electrochemical nanomachining for 3D micro/nanostructures in the semiconductor industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhuan Han
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Centre for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.,Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhenjiang Hu
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Centre for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Matthew M Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Centre for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Centre for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Centre for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yongda Yan
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Centre for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Han L, Hu Z, Sartin MM, Wang X, Zhao X, Cao Y, Yan Y, Zhan D, Tian Z. Direct Nanomachining on Semiconductor Wafer By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianhuan Han
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Centre for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhenjiang Hu
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Centre for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Matthew M. Sartin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Centre for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Centre for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yongzhi Cao
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Centre for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Yongda Yan
- Department Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education Centre for Precision Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China
| | - Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhong‐Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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Wang W, Zhao L, Wang Y, Xue W, He F, Xie Y, Li Y. Facile Secondary Deposition for Improving Quantum Dot Loading in Fabricating Quantum Dot Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4300-4307. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lianjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weinan Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fangfang He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiling Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Wang W, Feng W, Du J, Xue W, Zhang L, Zhao L, Li Y, Zhong X. Cosensitized Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Conversion Efficiency over 12. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705746. [PMID: 29359826 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of sunlight utilization is a fundamental approach for the construction of high-efficiency quantum-dot-based solar cells (QDSCs). To boost light harvesting, cosensitized photoanodes are fabricated in this work by a sequential deposition of presynthesized Zn-Cu-In-Se (ZCISe) and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) on mesoporous TiO2 films via the control of the interactions between QDs and TiO2 films using 3-mercaptopropionic acid bifunctional linkers. By the synergistic effect of ZCISe-alloyed QDs with a wide light absorption range and CdSe QDs with a high extinction coefficient, the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency is significantly improved over single QD-based QDSCs. It is found that the performance of cosensitized photoanodes can be optimized by adjusting the size of CdSe QDs introduced. In combination with titanium mesh supported mesoporous carbon as a counterelectrode and a modified polysulfide solution as an electrolyte, a champion power conversion efficiency up to 12.75% (Voc = 0.752 V, Jsc = 27.39 mA cm-2 , FF = 0.619) is achieved, which is, as far as it is known, the highest efficiency for liquid-junction QD-based solar cells reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenliang Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weinan Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Leilei Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Rapid Screening of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Photocatalytic Cofactor Regeneration Using a Drop Reactor. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6189803 DOI: 10.3390/mi8060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is the imitation of natural photosynthesis, which promises an efficient way to use solar energy to synthesize organic matters, in which the key step is the coenzyme regeneration (NADH/NADPH). To achieve an efficient regeneration rate, various photocatalysts have been developed, such as g-C3N4 and mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4). Generally, efficiency determination of different photocatalysts requires laborious experiments, high consumption of reagents, and a considerable amount of time. Here, based on the one-step artificial photosystem I method, we processed the analytical experiment in a very simple PDMS well (20 μL, a drop) to achieve a rapid screening of photocatalysts. For comparison, we used two types of graphitic carbon nitrides, few-layer g-C3N4 and mpg-C3N4. Compared with the slurry systems, firstly, the regeneration rate of mpg-C3N4 drop-reactor system is 4.3 times and 7.1 times those of the few-layer g-C3N4-slurry system and mpg-C3N4-slurry system, respectively. Secondly, this one-drop method reduces the typical verification time from 90 min to 5 min and lowers the liquid volume from 20 mL to 20 μL. Thirdly, this operation is a pump-free and soft lithography technique-free process. The miniaturization of the photocatalytic reaction in the PDMS well improves the regeneration rates, saves samples, and achieves high-throughput screening of multiple photocatalysts.
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Yuan D, Zhang L, Lai J, Xie L, Mao B, Zhan D. SECM evaluations of the crystal-facet-correlated photocatalytic activity of hematites for water splitting. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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