1
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Huang R, Liu T, Peng H, Liu J, Liu X, Ding L, Fang Y. Molecular design and architectonics towards film-based fluorescent sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6960-6991. [PMID: 38836431 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00347k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed encouraging progress in the development of high-performance film-based fluorescent sensors (FFSs) for detecting explosives, illicit drugs, chemical warfare agents (CWAs), and hazardous volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), among others. Several FFSs have transitioned from laboratory research to real-world applications, demonstrating their practical relevance. At the heart of FFS technology lies the sensing films, which play a crucial role in determining the analytes and the resulting signals. The selection of sensing fluorophores and the fabrication strategies employed in film construction are key factors that influence the fluorescence properties, active-layer structures, and overall sensing behaviors of these films. This review examines the progress and innovations in the research field of FFSs over the past two decades, focusing on advancements in fluorophore design and active-layer structural engineering. It underscores popular sensing fluorophore scaffolds and the dynamics of excited state processes. Additionally, it delves into six distinct categories of film fabrication technologies and strategies, providing insights into their advantages and limitations. This review further addresses important considerations such as photostability and substrate effects. Concluding with an overview of the field's challenges and prospects, it sheds light on the potential for further development in this burgeoning area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
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2
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Dissipative crystallization of ion-pair receptors. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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3
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Zhou W, Liu G, Yang B, Ji Q, Xiang W, He H, Xu Z, Qi C, Li S, Yang S, Xu C. Review on application of perylene diimide (PDI)-based materials in environment: Pollutant detection and degradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146483. [PMID: 33773344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environment pollution is getting serious and various poisonous contaminants with chemical durability, biotoxicity and bioaccumulation have been widespreadly discovered in municipal wastewaters and surface water. The detection and removal of pollutants show great significance for the protection of human health and other organisms. Due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties, perylene diimide (PDI) has received widespread attention from different research fields, especially in the area of environment. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the development of PDI-based materials in fluorescence detection and advanced oxidation technology for environment was introduced. Firstly, we chiefly presented the recent progress about the synthesis of PDI and PDI-based nanomaterials. Then, their application in fluorescence detection for environment was presented and categorized, principally including the detection of heavy metal ions, harmful anions and organic contaminants in the environment. In addition, the application of PDI and PDI-based materials in different advanced oxidation technologies for environment, such as photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, Fenton and Fenton-like reaction and persulfate activation, was also summarized. At last, the challenges and future prospects of PDI-based materials in environmental applications were discussed. This review focuses on presenting the practical applications of PDI and PDI-based materials as fluorescent probes or catalysts (especially photocatalysts) in the detection of hazardous substances or catalytic elimination of organic contaminants. The contents are aimed at supplying the researchers with a deeper understanding of PDI and PDI-based materials and encouraging their further development in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qiuyi Ji
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Weiming Xiang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chengdu Qi
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shiyin Li
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Chenmin Xu
- School of Environment, Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-Remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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4
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An inorganic-organic hydrogen cluster: Fluorescence response of the high efficient detection of Fe3+, OH− and nitro explosives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Abstract
Perylene imide (PI) molecules and materials have been extensively studied for optical chemical sensors, particularly those based on fluorescence and colorimetric mode, taking advantage of the unique features of PIs such as structure tunability, good thermal, optical and chemical stability, strong electron affinity, strong visible light absorption and high fluorescence quantum yield. PI-based optical chemosensors have now found broad applications in gas phase detection of chemicals, including explosives, biomarkers of some food and diseases (such as organic amines (alkylamines and aromatic amines)), benzene homologs, organic peroxides, phenols and nitroaromatics, etc. In this review, the recent research on PI-based fluorometric and colorimetric sensors, as well as array technology incorporating multiple sensors, is reviewed along with the discussion of potential applications in environment, health and public safety areas. Specifically, we discuss the molecular design and aggregate architecture of PIs in correlation with the corresponding sensor performances (including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, recovery time, reversibility, etc.). We also provide a perspective summary highlighting the great potential for future development of PIs optical chemosensors, especially in the sensor array format that will largely enhance the detection specificity in complexed environments.
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6
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Song G, Huang K, Yao Z. Rapid and visual detection of folic acid via supramolecular recognition with a perylene bisimide probe in aqueous media. Talanta 2020; 219:121222. [PMID: 32887123 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have established a novel approach for the rapid detection of folic acid (FA) with a water soluble perylene bisimide-based probe in 100% aqueous media. The sensing performance and mechanism of this probe were investigated systematically using spectroscopic techniques. After optimizing conditions, the limit of detection in this assay is as low as 29.2 nmol/L and linear operation range is from 0.1 to 1.2 μmol/L. It relies on the supramolecular recognition between the probe and FA under the synergistic effects of non-covalent interactions such as electrostatic, hydrophobic and π-stacking interactions. Monitoring the FA concentrations in real-world samples is also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiwen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhiyi Yao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Liu Q, Liu T, Fang Y. Perylene Bisimide Derivative-Based Fluorescent Film Sensors: From Sensory Materials to Device Fabrication. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2155-2169. [PMID: 32078323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Film-based fluorescent sensors have become an important field of sensor research due to abundant acquirable signals, real-time monitoring, and ease of miniaturization and integration, where chemically sensitive films are the most vital component of the sensor devices. In this feature article, we introduce hardware structures of film-based fluorescent sensors following the examination/investigation of the recent progress of such sensors with perylene bisimide (PBI) derivatives as sensing fluorophores in the films. PBI derivatives were specially chosen because of their outstanding chemical, photochemical, and thermal stabilities as well as their unusual high-fluorescence quantum yields. And finally, we provide a prediction for the future developments and challenges of this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Foundation and Applications of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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8
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Huang R, Liu H, Liu K, Wang G, Liu Q, Wang Z, Liu T, Miao R, Peng H, Fang Y. Marriage of Aggregation-Induced Emission and Intramolecular Charge Transfer toward High Performance Film-Based Sensing of Phenolic Compounds in the Air. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14451-14457. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Huijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, P. R. China
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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10
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Kang R, Miao R, Qi Y, Chang X, Shang C, Wang L, Fang Y. Tuning the formation of reductive species of perylene-bisimide derivatives in DMF via aggregation matter. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:10018-10021. [PMID: 28836631 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Host-guest interaction and chemical modification are found to be effective in tuning the formation of reductive species of perylene-bisimide (PBI) derivatives in DMF. Moreover, some of the PBI derivatives as synthesized produce radical anions in the solvent without the need of a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China.
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11
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Zou DH, Wang P, Luo W, Hou JL, Zhu QY, Dai J. Fluorescent Hydrogel Generated Conveniently from a Perylene Tetracarboxylate Derivative of Titanium(IV) Alkoxide. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1623-1629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hong Zou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Le Hou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Amharar S, Yuvayapan S, Aydogan A. A thermoresponsive supramolecular polymer gel from a heteroditopic calix[4]pyrrole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:829-832. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08607e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anion recognition was utilized on heteroditopic calix[4]pyrrole host–guest systems to obtain a thermoresponsive supramolecular polymer gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Amharar
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Samet Yuvayapan
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul Technical University
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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13
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Zhang J, Liu K, Wang G, Shang C, Peng H, Liu T, Fang Y. Detection of gaseous amines with a fluorescent film based on a perylene bisimide-functionalized copolymer. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02540a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent copolymer containing PBI units and hydroxyl-ethyl structures was developed for the fast and sensitive detection of gaseous amines
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Congdi Shang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education)
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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14
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Miao R, Peng J, Fang Y. Molecular Gels as Intermediates in the Synthesis of Porous Materials and Fluorescent Films: Concepts and Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10419-10428. [PMID: 28240916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-mass organic gelator (LMOG)-based molecular gels are known as one of the most attractive soft materials and have received great attention since the early 1990s. In the last few decades, many LMOGs have been synthesized, and a series of theories have been proposed to better understand molecular gels. However, only limited applications of LMOGs have been realized for a variety of reasons, such as their lack of stability compared to chemical gels. Therefore, efforts to explore the applications of these materials are especially meaningful. As an example, this feature article mainly introduces studies on the application of LMOGs as intermediates in porous materials and fluorescent sensing films. Particular attention will be paid to gelator design, LMOG emulsion preparation, solid surface modification, and the practical application of the obtained materials. Concepts that are related to these studies, such as organic gel-water interface equilibria and molecular gel strategies, will be comprehensively illustrated. Finally, we will conclude with a study of LMOG-based intermediates. Some challenges and future perspectives related to these research areas will also be presented. It is anticipated that this feature article will not only contribute to the further understanding of LMOG-based intermediates but also will help to promote the practical application of molecular gels and facilitate development in related research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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15
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Zhao YJ, Miao K, Zhu Z, Fan LJ. Fluorescence Quenching of a Conjugated Polymer by Synergistic Amine-Carboxylic Acid and π-π Interactions for Selective Detection of Aromatic Amines in Aqueous Solution. ACS Sens 2017; 2:842-847. [PMID: 28723124 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence sensing of amine in aqueous solution is challenging. The various basicity and chemical structures of amines may lead to poor selectivity in aqueous solution, and selective fluorescence detection of primary aromatic amine is rarely reported. This paper presents design and synthesis of a fluorescent conjugated polymer for rapid and selective sensing of aromatic amines in aqueous solution. The fluorescent conjugated polymer, poly[fluorenyl-alt-p-phenyleneethynylene] with pendant carboxylic acid groups and long alky chains, is synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. The fluorescence of the polymer is selectively quenched by the aromatic amines in aqueous solution, whereas the aliphatic amines enhance the fluorescence of the polymer. The high selectivity to the aromatic amines, particularly to the environmentally important p-phenylenediamine, likely originates from the amplified π-π fluorescence quenching synergized by amine and carboxylic acid interaction. Our results demonstrate an effective material design strategy that may be extended to fluorescence sensing of other aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jia Zhao
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kesong Miao
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Li-Juan Fan
- State
and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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