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Santra S, Das S, Dey S, Sengupta A, Giri B, Molla MR. Degradable Polymer-Based Nanoassemblies for Precise Targeting and Drug Delivery to Breast Cancer Cells without Affecting Normal Healthy Cells. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1724-1737. [PMID: 38421316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive amphiphilic polymers are known to be precursors to forming promising nanoarchitectonics with tunable properties for application in biomedical sciences. Currently, self-immolative polymers are widely recognized as an emerging class of responsive materials with excellent degradability, which is one of the crucial criteria for designing a robust drug delivery vehicle. Here, we design an amphiphilic polyurethane endowed with a redox-responsive self-immolative linker and a pH-responsive tertiary amine on the backbone, which forms entropy-driven nanoscale supramolecular assemblies (average hydrodynamic diameter ∼110 nm) and is programmed to disassemble in a redox environment (GSH) due to the degradation of the polymer in a self-immolative fashion. The nanoassembly shows efficient drug sequestration and release in a controlled manner in response to glutathione (10 mM). The tertiary amine residing on the surface of the nanoassembly becomes protonated in the tumor microenvironment (pH ∼ 6.4-6.8) and generates positively charged nanoassembly (ζ-potential = +36 mV), which enhances the cancer cell-selective cellular uptake. The biological evaluation of the drug-loaded nanoassembly revealed triple-negative breast cancer (MDAMB-231) selective internalization and cell death while shielding normal cells (RBCs or PBMCs) from off-targeting toxicity. We envision that polyurethane with a redox-responsive self-immolative linker might open up new opportunities for a completely degradable polyurethane-based nanocarrier for drug delivery and diagnosis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. M Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sananda Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. M Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biplab Giri
- Department of Physiology, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Mijanur Rahaman Molla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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2
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Ghosal K, Pal S, Ghosh D, Jana K, Sarkar K. In vivo biocompatible shape memory polyester derived from recycled polycarbonate e-waste for biomedical application. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 138:212961. [PMID: 35913244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
From the last few decades, the usage of polycarbonate (PC) has tremendously increased due to its engineering properties such as outstanding mechanical strength, superior toughness, and good optical transparency. Owning to these properties, PC has widespread applications in the field of electronics, construction, data storage, automotive industry and subsequently resulted in an ever-increasing volume of post-consumer PC e-waste, which also increases the environmental pollution with time due to its nonbiodegradability nature. Therefore, recycling of PC has become a significant challenge throughout the globe. Herein, we first time reported synthesis of a family of low-cost biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers using solvent and catalyst free melt polycondensation reaction of recycled PC e-waste derived monomer bis(hydroxyethyl ether) of bisphenol A (BHEEB) along with other renewable resources such as sebacic acid, citric acid and mannitol. The synthesis of the polyester was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, XRD and DSC. The mechanical properties and biodegradation behaviour of the polyester can be fine-tuned by simply varying the monomer feed ratio. In addition to that, the polyester demonstrated excellent shape memory property in ambient temperature along with outstanding recovery properties. In addition to this, the synthesized polyester showed exceptional in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility as well as cell proliferation rate against mouse fibroblast cells (NIH-3 T3) and biocompatibility, respectively. Therefore, the novel polyesters derived from recycled PC e-waste may be potential resorbable biomaterial for tissue engineering applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Ghosal
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Shaipayan Pal
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Debleena Ghosh
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, P-1/12 C.I.T. Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Kishor Sarkar
- Gene Therapy and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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3
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Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials have offered much more opportunities from an engineering standpoint for treating diseases and maintaining health. Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs), as an outstanding family among such biomaterials, have risen overwhelmingly in the past decades. These synthetic polymers have easily and widely available raw materials and a diversity of synthetic approaches, which have attracted considerable attention. More importantly, combining the superiorities of polyamides and polyesters, PEAs have emerged with better functions. They could have improved biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell-material interactions. The PEAs derived from α-amino acids even allow the introduction of pendant sites for further modification or functionalization. Meanwhile, it is gradually recognized that the chemical structures are closely related to the physiochemical and biological properties of PEAs so that their properties can be precisely controlled. PEAs therefore become significant materials in the biomedical fields. This review will attempt to summarize the recent progress in the development of PEAs with respect to the preparation materials and methods, structure-property relationships along with their latest biomedical accomplishments, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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4
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Zhu Y, Goh C, Shrestha A. Biomaterial Properties Modulating Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000365. [PMID: 33615702 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds have been gaining momentum in the past several decades for their potential applications in the area of tissue engineering. They function as three-dimensional porous constructs to temporarily support the attachment of cells, subsequently influencing cell behaviors such as proliferation and differentiation to repair or regenerate defective tissues. In addition, scaffolds can also serve as delivery vehicles to achieve sustained release of encapsulated growth factors or therapeutic agents to further modulate the regeneration process. Given the limitations of current bone grafts used clinically in bone repair, alternatives such as biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as potential bone graft substitutes. This review summarizes how physicochemical properties of biomaterial scaffolds can influence cell behavior and its downstream effect, particularly in its application to bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Cynthia Goh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 84 College Street, Suite 140, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G6, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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5
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Konchada S, Killi N, Sayyad S, Gathalkar GB, Gundloori RVN. Blends of neem oil based polyesteramide as nanofiber mats to control Culicidae. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42827-42837. [PMID: 35514911 PMCID: PMC9057958 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes act as vectors for several disease-causing microorganisms and pose a threat to mankind by transmitting various diseases. There are different conventional methods to repel or kill these mosquitoes for avoiding susceptibility against infections. However, to overcome the difficulties with conventional methods, new advanced materials are being studied. For the first time, we report developing a nanofiber mat with a controlled release of insecticide to repel or detain the mosquitoes. Briefly, various blend compositions were prepared by manipulating the ratio of neem oil-based polyesteramide (PEA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) immobilized with insecticide, transfluthrin (Tf). The blend solutions were electrospun to get non-woven nanofiber mats, and these nanomaterials were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques to understand their physicochemical properties. The surface morphology was analyzed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM), and the diameter of the nanofibers was in the range of 200 to 450 nm. Further, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated to understand the stability of nanofiber mats. In vitro drug release studies of nanofiber mat PPT-1335 showed controlled and sustained release of Tf, with ∼35% of Tf released in 24 h. However, a film of the same composition (PPT-1335) showed ∼5% of Tf release within 24 h. Moreover, in vivo bio-efficacy studies suggested the mortality of mosquitoes was about 50% with PP-133, which was further increased to 100% within 12 h in the presence of Tf (PPT-1335). However, 60% mortality of mosquitoes was observed with the film of PPT-1335. Hence, the nanofiber mat showed better efficacy against mosquitoes as compared to the film of the same composition. The degradation studies under various conditions revealed biocompatibility of the developed nanofiber mats with the ecosystem. Electrospun nanofiber mats immobilized with transfluthrin to control mosquitoes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravanya Konchada
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Naresh Killi
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 Maharashtra India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shahebaz Sayyad
- Laboratory of Entomology, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Ganesh B Gathalkar
- Laboratory of Entomology, Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 Maharashtra India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rathna V N Gundloori
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune-411008 Maharashtra India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 Uttar Pradesh India
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6
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Chakraborty I, Chatterjee K. Polymers and Composites Derived from Castor Oil as Sustainable Materials and Degradable Biomaterials: Current Status and Emerging Trends. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4639-4662. [PMID: 33222440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen rapid growth in utilizing vegetable oils to derive a wide variety of polymers to replace petroleum-based polymers for minimizing environmental impact. Nonedible castor oil (CO) can be extracted from castor plants that grow easily, even in an arid land. CO is a promising source for developing several polymers such as polyurethanes, polyesters, polyamides, and epoxy-polymers. Several synthesis routes have been developed, and distinct properties of polymers have been studied for industrial applications. Furthermore, fillers and fibers, including nanomaterials, have been incorporated in these polymers for enhancing their physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This review highlights the development of CO-based polymers and their composites with attractive properties for industrial and biomedical applications. Recent advancements in CO-based polymers and their composites are presented along with a discussion on future opportunities for further developments in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chakraborty
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560012
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 560012
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7
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Methods of synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications of biodegradable poly(ester amide)s- A review. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Ghosal K, Bhattacharjee U, Sarkar K. Facile green synthesis of bioresorbable polyester from soybean oil and recycled plastic waste for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Killi N, Pawar AT, Gundloori RV. Polyesteramide of Neem Oil and Its Blends as an Active Nanomaterial for Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3341-3351. [PMID: 35030776 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neem oil gained importance due to its antibacterial properties. Therefore, it is extensively being used for various applications. Oils can be polymerized as a polyesteramide to extend their utility as biomaterials. In our studies, we synthesized polyesteramide from neem oil and various compositions of blends were prepared with the drug, chlorohexidine digluconate (CH) to develop a nanomaterial for tissue regeneration. The studies such as cytotoxicity, biodegradable, antibacterial, in vitro drug release, in vivo wound healing, and histopathological studies were performed to identify their potential for tissue regeneration. In vivo wound healing studies of the nanofiber mats with and without CH recorded a faster healing rate as compared to the commercial cream (povidone-iodine). Most importantly, there was no requirement of repeated application of nanofiber mats during the treatment. The histopathology studies also suggested the re-epithelialization of the wounds. Hence, these nanomaterials are considered to be environmentally safe scaffolds for efficient tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Killi
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 411008, India
| | - Anil Tukaram Pawar
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Rathna Vn Gundloori
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 411008, India
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10
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Coenen AMJ, Bernaerts KV, Harings JAW, Jockenhoevel S, Ghazanfari S. Elastic materials for tissue engineering applications: Natural, synthetic, and hybrid polymers. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:60-82. [PMID: 30165203 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastin and collagen are the two main components of elastic tissues and provide the tissue with elasticity and mechanical strength, respectively. Whereas collagen is adequately produced in vitro, production of elastin in tissue-engineered constructs is often inadequate when engineering elastic tissues. Therefore, elasticity has to be artificially introduced into tissue-engineered scaffolds. The elasticity of scaffold materials can be attributed to either natural sources, when native elastin or recombinant techniques are used to provide natural polymers, or synthetic sources, when polymers are synthesized. While synthetic elastomers often lack the biocompatibility needed for tissue engineering applications, the production of natural materials in adequate amounts or with proper mechanical strength remains a challenge. However, combining natural and synthetic materials to create hybrid components could overcome these issues. This review explains the synthesis, mechanical properties, and structure of native elastin as well as the theories on how this extracellular matrix component provides elasticity in vivo. Furthermore, current methods, ranging from proteins and synthetic polymers to hybrid structures that are being investigated for providing elasticity to tissue engineering constructs, are comprehensively discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue engineered scaffolds are being developed as treatment options for malfunctioning tissues throughout the body. It is essential that the scaffold is a close mimic of the native tissue with regards to both mechanical and biological functionalities. Therefore, the production of elastic scaffolds is of key importance to fabricate tissue engineered scaffolds of the elastic tissues such as heart valves and blood vessels. Combining naturally derived and synthetic materials to reach this goal proves to be an interesting area where a highly tunable material that unites mechanical and biological functionalities can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M J Coenen
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien V Bernaerts
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Jules A W Harings
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands; Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME-Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraβe 55, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samaneh Ghazanfari
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Natarajan J, Madras G, Chatterjee K. Development of Graphene Oxide-/Galactitol Polyester-Based Biodegradable Composites for Biomedical Applications. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5545-5556. [PMID: 30023749 PMCID: PMC6044677 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed nanocomposites based on galactitol/adipic acid in the molar ratio of 1:1 with different weight percentages of graphene oxide (GO). The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of enhanced physicochemical properties achieved due to the addition of GO to the polymers on cellular responses. The chemical structures of the polymer and composites were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the uniform distribution of GO in the polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry showed no significant variation in the glass-transition temperature of the nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis demonstrated the increase of Young's modulus with the increase in the addition of GO to the polymer from 0.5 to 1 wt % and a dramatic decrease in modulus with the addition of 2 wt % GO to the polyester. Contact angle analysis illustrated a slight increase in hydrophilicity with the addition of GO to the polyester. Investigations on the hydrolytic degradation and dye release were performed and revealed that the degradation and release decreased with the increase in the weight percentages of GO but increased for 2 wt % GO with the polymer. The rates of degradation and dye release followed first-order and Higuchi kinetics, respectively. The initial in vitro cytocompatibility studies exhibited minimal toxicity. Mineralization studies proved that these nanocomposites stimulated osteogenesis. This study has salient implications for designing biodegradable polymers for use as scaffolds with tailored release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeni Natarajan
- Centre
for Nano Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman
Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Centre
for Nano Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman
Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre
for Nano Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Department of
Materials Engineering, Indian Institute
of Science, C.V. Raman
Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Antimicrobial Electrospun Fibers of Polyester Loaded with Engineered Cyclic Gramicidin Analogues. FIBERS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fib5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Natarajan J, Madras G, Chatterjee K. Poly(ester amide)s from Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste for Enhancing Bone Regeneration and Controlled Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28281-28297. [PMID: 28766935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study elucidates the facile synthesis and exceptional properties of a family of novel poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) based on bis(2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalamide that was obtained from the poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR were used to verify the presence of ester and amide in the polymer backbone. Differential scanning calorimetry data showed that the glass transition temperature decreased with as the chain length of dicarboxylic acids increased. Dynamic mechanical analysis and contact angle studies proved that the modulus values and hydrophobicity increased with as the chain lengths of dicarboxylic acids increased. In vitro hydrolytic degradation and dye release studies demonstrated that the degradation and release decreased with as the chain lengths of dicarboxylic acids increased. Modeling these data illustrated that degradation and release follow first-order degradation and zero-order release, respectively. The in vitro cytocompatibility studies confirmed the minimal toxicity characteristic of these polymers. Osteogenic studies proved that these polymers can be highly influential in diverting the cells toward osteogenic lineage. Alizarin red staining evinced the presence of twice the amount of calcium phosphate deposits by the cells on these polymers when compared to the control. The observed result was also corroborated by the increased expression of alkaline phosphatase. These findings were further validated by the markedly higher mRNA expressions for known osteogenic markers using real time polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, these polymers efficiently promoted osteogenesis. This study demonstrates that the physical properties, degradation, and release kinetics can be altered to meet the specific requirements in organ regeneration as well as facilitate simultaneous polymer resorption through control of the chain length of the monomers. The findings of this study have significant implications for designing cost-effective biodegradable polymers for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeni Natarajan
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, and §Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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14
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Natarajan J, Movva S, Madras G, Chatterjee K. Biodegradable galactitol based crosslinked polyesters for controlled release and bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:534-547. [PMID: 28532063 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Various classes of biodegradable polymers have been explored towards finding alternates for the existing treatments for bone disorders. In this framework, two families of polyesters using an array of crosslinkers were synthesized. One was based on galactiol/adipic acid and the other based on galactitol/dodecanedioic acid. The structures of the polymers were confirmed by FTIR and further confirmed by 1H NMR. DSC showed that the polymers were amorphous and the glass transition temperature increased with increase in crosslinking. DMA and contact angle analysis revealed that the modulus and hydrophobicity increased with increase in crosslinking. Swelling studies demonstrated that %swelling decreased with increase in crosslinking. The in vitro hydrolytic degradation studies and dye release studies of all the polymers exhibited that the degradation and release rate decreased with increase in crosslinking, hydrophobicity and modulus. Degradation and release followed first order kinetics and Higuchi kinetics, respectively. The preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity studies proved that this array of polymers was not cytotoxic. Osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts was observed in three dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds prepared using these polymers. This study demonstrates the ability to modulate the physical properties, degradation and release kinetics of these biodegradable polymers through smart selection of crosslinkers. The findings of these studies have important implications for developing novel biodegradable polymers for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeni Natarajan
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sahitya Movva
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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15
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Xue Y, Yatsenko T, Patel A, Stolz DB, Phillippi JA, Sant V, Sant S. PEGylated poly(ester amide) elastomer scaffolds for soft tissue engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Tatyana Yatsenko
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Akhil Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Julie A. Phillippi
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15219 USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15219 USA
| | - Vinayak Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
| | - Shilpa Sant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15219 USA
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