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Gao L, Sun L, Qiu Y, Jiang Y, Luo H, Wang X, Yu H. Fabrication of hollow microtube arrays based on a femtosecond laser double-pulse multiphoton polymerization. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5495-5498. [PMID: 37910686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.502919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Microtubes with widely varied dimensions and materials have great prospects in functional devices applied in microoptics, microrobot, and biomedicine. However, the fabrication of vertically protruding hollow microtubes with high diameter-to-thickness ratio is challenging and few reported. Femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization can solve this problem via point-by-point scanning or SLM-based parallel processing, but the low efficiency limits its high throughput fabrication. Here, we report a novel, to the best of our knowledge, femtosecond laser double-pulse multiphoton polymerization approach for high efficiency fabrication of hollow microtube arrays. We established a two-aperture laser beam reshaping system to generate a circular beam via two rounds of Fresnel diffraction. Based on the unique laser energy distribution, hollow microtubes with high diameter-to-thickness ratio can be generated by two successively laser pulses exposure, which can improve the fabrication efficiency significantly. With the optimized parameters, we can achieve repeatable and uniform microtube array fabrication in large scale, and the yield can be 94.9%. Defocus testing showed that the proposed approach has a high range of focusing tolerance. The proposed microtube fabrication approach is meaningful in providing some enlightenment for researchers in the field of microfabrication.
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Mariano A, Lubrano C, Bruno U, Ausilio C, Dinger NB, Santoro F. Advances in Cell-Conductive Polymer Biointerfaces and Role of the Plasma Membrane. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4552-4580. [PMID: 34582168 PMCID: PMC8874911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is often described as a wall, a physical barrier separating the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure that can stretch, bend, and bud, allowing cells to respond and adapt to their surrounding environment. Inspired by shapes and geometries found in the biological world and exploiting the intrinsic properties of conductive polymers (CPs), several biomimetic strategies based on substrate dimensionality have been tailored in order to optimize the cell-chip coupling. Furthermore, device biofunctionalization through the use of ECM proteins or lipid bilayers have proven successful approaches to further maximize interfacial interactions. As the bio-electronic field aims at narrowing the gap between the electronic and the biological world, the possibility of effectively disguising conductive materials to "trick" cells to recognize artificial devices as part of their biological environment is a promising approach on the road to the seamless platform integration with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mariano
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Bruno
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ausilio
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Nikita Bhupesh Dinger
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Fabrication of Size- and Shape-Controlled Platinum Cones by Ion-Track Etching and Electrodeposition Techniques for Electrocatalytic Applications. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs5030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The micro/nanocone structures of noble metals play a critical role as heterogeneous electrocatalysts that provide excellent activity. We successfully fabricated platinum cones by electrodeposition using non-penetrated porous membranes as templates. This method involved the preparation of template membranes by the swift-heavy-ion irradiation of commercially available polycarbonate films and subsequent chemical etching in an aqueous NaOH solution. The surface diameter, depth, aspect ratio and cone angle of the resulting conical pores were controlled in the ranges of approximately 70–1500 nm, 0.7–11 μm, 4–12 and 5–13°, respectively, by varying the etching conditions, which finally produced size- and shape-controlled platinum cones with nanotips. In order to demonstrate the electrocatalytic activity, electrochemical measurements were performed for the ethanol oxidation reaction. The oxidation activity was found to be up to 3.2 times higher for the platinum cone arrays than for the platinum plate. Ion-track etching combined with electrodeposition has the potential to be an effective method for the fabrication of micro/nanocones with high electrocatalytic performance.
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Qu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Chen H. Surface-Mediated Intracellular Delivery by Physical Membrane Disruption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31054-31078. [PMID: 32559060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective and nondestructive intracellular delivery of exogenous molecules and other functional materials into living cells is of importance for diverse biological fundamental research and therapeutic applications, such as gene editing and cell-based therapies. However, for most exogenous molecules, the cell plasma membrane is effectively impermeable and thus remains the greatest barrier to intracellular delivery. In recent years, methods based on surface-mediated physical membrane disruption have attracted considerable attention. These methods exploit the physical properties of the surface to transiently increase the membrane permeability of cells come in contact thereto, thereby facilitating the efficient intracellular delivery of molecules regardless of molecule or target cell type. In this Review, we focus on recent progress, particularly over the past decade, on these surface-mediated membrane disruption-based delivery systems. According to the membrane disruption mechanism, three categories can be recognized: (i) mechanical penetration, (ii) electroporation, and (iii) photothermal poration. Each of these is discussed in turn and a brief perspective on future developments in this promising area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcui Qu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Higgins SG, Becce M, Belessiotis-Richards A, Seong H, Sero JE, Stevens MM. High-Aspect-Ratio Nanostructured Surfaces as Biological Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903862. [PMID: 31944430 PMCID: PMC7610849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials patterned with high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have features on similar length scales to cellular components. These surfaces are an extreme topography on the cellular level and have become useful tools for perturbing and sensing the cellular environment. Motivation comes from the ability of high-aspect-ratio nanostructures to deliver cargoes into cells and tissues, access the intracellular environment, and control cell behavior. These structures directly perturb cells' ability to sense and respond to external forces, influencing cell fate, and enabling new mechanistic studies. Through careful design of their nanoscale structure, these systems act as biological metamaterials, eliciting unusual biological responses. While predominantly used to interface eukaryotic cells, there is growing interest in nonanimal and prokaryotic cell interfacing. Both experimental and theoretical studies have attempted to develop a mechanistic understanding for the observed behaviors, predominantly focusing on the cell-nanostructure interface. This review considers how high-aspect-ratio nanostructured surfaces are used to both stimulate and sense biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Hyejeong Seong
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julia E. Sero
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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7
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Mukaibo H. Template‐Synthesized Vertical Needle Array as Injection Platform for Microalgae. CHEM REC 2018; 19:859-872. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester 4510 Wegmans Hall, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
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8
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Capozza R, Caprettini V, Gonano CA, Bosca A, Moia F, Santoro F, De Angelis F. Cell Membrane Disruption by Vertical Micro-/Nanopillars: Role of Membrane Bending and Traction Forces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29107-29114. [PMID: 30081625 PMCID: PMC6117743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gaining access to the cell interior is fundamental for many applications, such as electrical recording and drug and biomolecular delivery. A very promising technique consists of culturing cells on micro-/nanopillars. The tight adhesion and high local deformation of cells in contact with nanostructures can promote the permeabilization of lipids at the plasma membrane, providing access to the internal compartment. However, there is still much experimental controversy regarding when and how the intracellular environment is targeted and the role of the geometry and interactions with surfaces. Consequently, we investigated, by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the cell membrane, the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer under high strain and bending conditions. We found out that a high curvature of the lipid bilayer dramatically lowers the traction force necessary to achieve membrane rupture. Afterward, we experimentally studied the permeabilization rate of the cell membrane by pillars with comparable aspect ratios but different sharpness values at the edges. The experimental data support the simulation results: even pillars with diameters in the micron range may cause local membrane disruption when their edges are sufficiently sharp. Therefore, the permeabilization likelihood is connected to the local geometric features of the pillars rather than diameter or aspect ratio. The present study can also provide significant contributions to the design of three-dimensional biointerfaces for tissue engineering and cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Capozza
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Università
degli studi di Genova, Genova 16126, Italy
| | - Carlo A. Gonano
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bosca
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Moia
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center
for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Boualavong J, Durney AR, Wang T, Kirschner S, Wentz M, Mukaibo H. Electrokinetically controlled fluid injection into unicellular microalgae. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2587-2591. [PMID: 28375577 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetically controlled microinjection is reported as an effective transport mechanism for microinjection into the wild-type strain of the widely studied model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A microinjection system using glass capillary pipettes was developed to capture and impale the motile cells. To apply an electric field and induce electrokinetic flow (e.g., electrophoresis and electroosmosis), an electrode was inserted directly into the solution inside the impaling injection pipette and another electrode was inserted into the external cell media. The viability of the impaled cells was confirmed for more than an hour under 0.01 V using the fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide dual fluorescent dye based assay. The viability was also found to increase almost logarithmically with decreasing voltage and to depend strongly on the solution within the injection pipette. Successful electrokinetic microinjection into cells was confirmed by both an increase in cell volume under an applied voltage and electric field dependent delivery of fluorescent fluorescein molecules into an impaled cell. Our study offers novel opportunities for quantitative delivery of biomolecules into microalgae and advancing the research and development of these organisms as biosynthetic factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Boualavong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew R Durney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tonghui Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Scott Kirschner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michaela Wentz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hitomi Mukaibo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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