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Berrow SR, Mandle RJ, Raistrick T, Reynolds M, Gleeson HF. Toward Monodomain Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers of Arbitrary Thickness through PET-RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2024; 57:5218-5229. [PMID: 38882196 PMCID: PMC11171763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are polymeric materials that are proposed for a range of applications. However, to reach their full potential, it is desirable to have as much flexibility as possible in terms of the sample dimensions, while maintaining well-defined alignment. In this work, photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization is applied to the synthesis of LCEs for the first time. An initial LCE layer (∼100 μm thickness) is partially cured before a second layer of the precursor mixture is added. The curing reaction is then resumed and is observed by FTIR to complete within 15 min of irradiation, yielding samples of increased thickness. Monodomain samples that exhibit an auxetic response and are of thickness 250-300 μm are consistently achieved. All samples are characterized thermally, mechanically, and in terms of their order parameters. The LCEs have physical properties comparable to those of analogous LCEs produced via free-radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart R Berrow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard J Mandle
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Thomas Raistrick
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Matthew Reynolds
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Helen F Gleeson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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2
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Mossayebi Z, Jafari VF, Gurr PA, Simons R, Qiao GG. Reduced Ice Adhesion Using Amphiphilic Poly(Ionic Liquid)-Based Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7454-7465. [PMID: 36708328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ice build-up on solid surfaces causes significant economic losses for a range of industries. One solution to this problem is the development of coatings with low ice adhesion strength. Amphiphilic poly(ionic liquid) (PIL)-based surfaces have been recently reported for antifogging/antifrosting applications. However, they have possible anti-icing properties through lowering the ice adhesion strength that have yet to be reported. Herein, we designed well-defined triblock copolymers composed of a polydimethylsiloxane component coupled with PIL segments of poly([2 (methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride) (PMETAC), which were subsequently UV-cured with an oligo(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (OEGDMA) cross-linker. The structure-property relationships of the resultant semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPNs) were investigated by varying the counterion (i.e., trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI-)) and the content of the PIL segments and cross-linker. An ice adhesion strength as low as 13.3 ± 8.6 kPa was observed for the coating containing 12.5 wt % of PMETAC segment and 5 wt % of OEGDMA, which is one of the lowest values reported so far for the amphiphilic coatings. Characterization of the coatings in terms of surface features, wettability, and hydration states have enabled the elucidation of different deicing mechanisms. Self-lubrication due to the existence of nonfreezable bound water led to the obtained low ice adhesion strength. This work offers a new approach for the exploration of PIL-based icephobic coatings for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mossayebi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Vianna F Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gurr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ranya Simons
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Melbourne, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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3
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Nowak AP, Gross AF, Sherman E, Rodriguez AR, Ventuleth M, Nelson AM, Guan S, Gervasoni M, Graetz J. Dual Component Passive Icephobic Coatings with Micron-Scale Phase-Separated 3D Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42005-42013. [PMID: 34427422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A passive icephobic coating (τice < 20 kPa) is an enabling technology to many industries, including aerospace and energy and power generation, with recent efforts in materials research identifying strategies to achieve this low adhesion threshold. To better meet this need, we have combined low surface energy perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) species in a segmented polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer. Coating microstructure presents a segregated 3D morphology at the micron-scale (1-100 μm) with discrete PFPE and continuous PEG phases self-similar through the thickness. Spray application produces a solid, mechanically tough film free of additive fluids or sacrificial elements, demonstrating exceptional ice adhesion reduction up to 1000× lower versus aluminum (τice < 1 kPa), as measured under environmentally realistic accretion and centrifugal test shedding conditions. Finally, the modular nature of the synthetic system allows PEG and PFPE to be exchanged for poly(tetramethylene oxide) to investigate performance drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Nowak
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Adam F Gross
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Elena Sherman
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - April R Rodriguez
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Michael Ventuleth
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Ashley M Nelson
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Sharon Guan
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Michael Gervasoni
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
| | - Jason Graetz
- HRL Laboratories, LLC, 3011 Malibu Canyon Road, Malibu, California 90265, United States
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4
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Patrickios CS, Matyjaszewski K. Amphiphilic polymer co‐networks: 32 years old and growing stronger – a perspective. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA
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5
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Endoh MK, Morimitsu Y, Salatto D, Huang Z, Sen M, Li W, Meng Y, Thanassi DG, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Koga T. Protein Resistance Driven by Polymer Nanoarchitecture. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1153-1159. [PMID: 35619442 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report that the nanometer-scale architecture of polymer chains plays a crucial role in its protein resistant property over surface chemistry. Protein-repellent (noncharged), few nanometer thick polymer layers were designed with homopolymer chains physisorbed on solids. We evaluated the antifouling property of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic adsorbed homopolymer chains against bovine serum albumin in water. Molecular dynamics simulations along with sum frequency generation spectroscopy data revealed the self-organized nanoarchitecture of the adsorbed chains composed of inner nematic-like ordered segments and outer brush-like segments across homopolymer systems with different interactions among a polymer, substrate, and interfacial water. We propose that this structure acts as a dual barrier against protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yuma Morimitsu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Mani Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yizhi Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - David G. Thanassi
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5222, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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6
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Ida S, Morimura M, Kitanaka H, Hirokawa Y, Kanaoka S. Swelling and mechanical properties of thermoresponsive/hydrophilic conetworks with crosslinked domain structures prepared from various triblock precursors. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive conetworks with crosslinked domain structures were designed by the crosslinking of triblock polymers for responsive gel functioning without external water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ida
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone
- Japan
| | - Miki Morimura
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone
- Japan
| | - Hironobu Kitanaka
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone
- Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Hirokawa
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone
- Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Materials Science
- The University of Shiga Prefecture
- Hikone
- Japan
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7
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Xu T, Tu K, Cheng J, Ni Y, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Organocatalytic Approach to Functional Semifluorinated Polymers Driven by Visible Light. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800151. [PMID: 29900627 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the construction of an organic photocatalysis system, photoredox catalyst (PC)/additive, where PC stands for photoredox catalyst, an organocatalyzed step transfer-addition and radical-termination (O-START) polymerization irradiated by blue LED light at room temperature is realized. Different types of α,ω-diiodoperfluoroalkane A and α,ω-unconjugated diene B are copolymerized through O-START efficiently, and generate various kinds of functional semifluorinated polymers, including polyolefins and polyesters. The process is affected by several factors; solvents, additives, and feed ratio of A to B. After optimization of all these components, the polymerization efficiency is greatly improved, generating polymers with both relatively high yield and molecular weight. Considering the mild reaction condition, easy operation process, and free-of-metal-catalyst residues in the polymer product, the organocatalytic polymerization strategy provides a simple and efficient approach to functional semifluorinated polymer materials and hopefully opens up their application in high-tech fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Xu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Tu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jiannan Cheng
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ni
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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The fluorination effect of fluoroamphiphiles in cytosolic protein delivery. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1377. [PMID: 29636457 PMCID: PMC5893556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct delivery of proteins into cells avoids many drawbacks of gene delivery, and thus has emerging applications in biotherapy. However, it remains a challenging task owing to limited charges and relatively large size of proteins. Here, we report an efficient protein delivery system via the co-assembly of fluoroamphiphiles and proteins into nanoparticles. Fluorous substituents on the amphiphiles play essential roles in the formation of uniform nanoparticles, avoiding protein denaturation, efficient endocytosis, and maintaining low cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship studies reveal that longer fluorous chain length and higher fluorination degree contribute to more efficient protein delivery, but excess fluorophilicity on the polymer leads to the pre-assembly of fluoroamphiphiles into stable vesicles, and thus failed protein encapsulation and cytosolic delivery. This study highlights the advantage of fluoroamphiphiles over other existing strategies for intracellular protein delivery. Proteins can serve as means of medical treatment, but their efficient delivery to cells is difficult. Here, the authors present a type of polymers, fluoroamphiphiles, acting as chemical chaperones that can facilitate the import of proteins into the inner compartment, i.e. cytosol, of cells.
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Jeon IY, Noh HJ, Baek JB. Hyperbranched Macromolecules: From Synthesis to Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E657. [PMID: 29538327 PMCID: PMC6017023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched macromolecules (HMs, also called hyperbranched polymers) are highly branched three-dimensional (3D) structures in which all bonds converge to a focal point or core, and which have a multiplicity of reactive chain-ends. This review summarizes major types of synthetic strategies exploited to produce HMs, including the step-growth polycondensation, the self-condensing vinyl polymerization and ring opening polymerization. Compared to linear analogues, the globular and dendritic architectures of HMs endow new characteristics, such as abundant functional groups, intramolecular cavities, low viscosity, and high solubility. After discussing the general concepts, synthesis, and properties, various applications of HMs are also covered. HMs continue being materials for topical interest, and thus this review offers both concise summary for those new to the topic and for those with more experience in the field of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Yup Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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