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Yang L, He R, Botifoll M, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Di C, He C, Xu Y, Balcells L, Arbiol J, Zhou Y, Cabot A. Enhanced Oxygen Evolution and Zinc-Air Battery Performance via Electronic Spin Modulation in Heterostructured Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400572. [PMID: 38794833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Beyond optimizing electronic energy levels, the modulation of the electronic spin configuration is an effective strategy, often overlooked, to boost activity and selectivity in a range of catalytic reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This electronic spin modulation is frequently accomplished using external magnetic fields, which makes it impractical for real applications. Herein, spin modulation is achieved by engineering Ni/MnFe2O4 heterojunctions, whose surface is reconstructed into NiOOH/MnFeOOH during the OER. NiOOH/MnFeOOH shows a high spin state of Ni, which regulates the OH- and O2 adsorption energy and enables spin alignment of oxygen intermediates. As a result, NiOOH/MnFeOOH electrocatalysts provide excellent OER performance with an overpotential of 261 mV at 10 mA cm-2. Besides, rechargeable zinc-air batteries based on Ni/MnFe2O4 show a high open circuit potential of 1.56 V and excellent stability for more than 1000 cycles. This outstanding performance is rationalized using density functional theory calculations, which show that the optimal spin state of both Ni active sites and oxygen intermediates facilitates spin-selected charge transport, optimizes the reaction kinetics, and decreases the energy barrier to the evolution of oxygen. This study provides valuable insight into spin polarization modulation by heterojunctions enabling the design of next-generation OER catalysts with boosted performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ren He
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Marc Botifoll
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yongcai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Chong Di
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Chuansheng He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Hebei Key Lab of Optic-electronic Information and Materials, College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Lluís Balcells
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, A08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08010, Spain
| | - Yingtang Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, 316004, China
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08930, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08010, Spain
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2
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Kim Y, Choi E, Kim S, Byon HR. Layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) for oxygen evolution reactions and aqueous Li-ion batteries. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10644-10663. [PMID: 37829040 PMCID: PMC10566458 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective paper comprehensively explores recent electrochemical studies on layered transition metal oxides (LTMO) in aqueous media and specifically encompasses two topics: catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathodes of aqueous lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). They involve conflicting requirements; OER catalysts aim to facilitate water dissociation, while for cathodes in aqueous LiBs it is essential to suppress water dissociation. The interfacial reactions taking place at the LTMO in these two distinct systems are of particular significance. We show various strategies for designing LTMO materials for each desired aim based on an in-depth understanding of electrochemical interfacial reactions. This paper sheds light on how regulating the LTMO interface can contribute to efficient water splitting and economical energy storage, all with a single material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryung Byon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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3
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Raveendran A, Chandran M, Dhanusuraman R. A comprehensive review on the electrochemical parameters and recent material development of electrochemical water splitting electrocatalysts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3843-3876. [PMID: 36756592 PMCID: PMC9890951 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical splitting of water is an appealing solution for energy storage and conversion to overcome the reliance on depleting fossil fuel reserves and prevent severe deterioration of the global climate. Though there are several fuel cells, hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) fuel cells have zero carbon emissions, and water is the only by-product. Countless researchers worldwide are working on the fundamentals, i.e. the parameters affecting the electrocatalysis of water splitting and electrocatalysts that could improve the performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall simplify the water electrolysis process. Noble metals like platinum for HER and ruthenium and iridium for OER were used earlier; however, being expensive, there are more feasible options than employing these metals for all commercialization. The review discusses the recent developments in metal and metalloid HER and OER electrocatalysts from the s, p and d block elements. The evaluation perspectives for electrocatalysts of electrochemical water splitting are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Raveendran
- Nano Electrochemistry Lab (NEL), Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal - 609609 India
| | - Mijun Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur - 610005 India
| | - Ragupathy Dhanusuraman
- Nano Electrochemistry Lab (NEL), Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal - 609609 India
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Zhang Z, Ma P, Luo L, Ding X, Zhou S, Zeng J. Regulating Spin States in Oxygen Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216837. [PMID: 36598399 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient and stable transition metal oxides catalysts for energy conversion processes such as oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is one of the key measures to solve the problem of energy shortage. The spin state of transition metal oxides is strongly correlated with their catalytic activities. In an octahedral structure of transition metal oxides, the spin state of active centers could be regulated by adjusting the splitting energy and the electron pairing energy. Regulating spin state of active centers could directly modulate the d orbitals occupancy, which influence the strength of metal-ligand bonds and the adsorption behavior of the intermediates. In this review, we clarified the significance of regulating spin state of the active centers. Subsequently, we discussed several characterization technologies for spin state and some recent strategies to regulate the spin state of the active centers. Finally, we put forward some views on the future research direction of this vital field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, P. R. China.,Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Ma
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, P. R. China.,Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xilan Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiming Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, P. R. China.,Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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Chen HL, Liu FY, Xiao X, Lin YY, Hu J, Liu GY, Gao B, Zou D, Chen CC. Photoreduction of carbon dioxide and photodegradation of organic pollutants using alkali cobalt oxides MCoO 2 (M = Li or Na) as catalysts. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114930. [PMID: 35367671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of lithium batteries should be prioritized, and the use of discarded alkali metal battery electrode materials as photocatalysts merits research attention. This study synthesized alkali metal cobalt oxide (MCoO2, M = Li or Na) as a photocatalyst for the photoreduction of CO2 and degradation of toxic organic substances. The optimized NaCoO2 and LiCoO2 photocatalysts increased the photocatalytic CO2-CH4 conversion rate to 21.0 and 13.4 μmol g-1 h-1 under ultraviolet light irradiation and to 16.2 and 5.3 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation, which is 17 times higher than that achieved by TiO2 P25. The rate constants of the optimized reactions of crystal violet (CV) with LiCoO2 and NaCoO2 were 2.29 × 10-2 and 4.35 × 10-2 h-1, respectively. The quenching effect of the scavengers and electron paramagnetic resonance in CV degradation indicated that active O2•-, 1O2, and h+ play the main role, whereas •OH plays a minor role for LiCoO2. The hyperfine splitting of the DMPO-•OH and DMPO-•CH3 adducts was aN = 1.508 mT, aHβ = 1.478 mT and aN = 1.558 mT, aHβ = 2.267 mT, respectively, whereas the hyperfine splitting of DMPO+• was aN = 1.475 mT. The quenching effect also indicated that active O2•- and h+ play the main role and that •OH and 1O2 play a minor role for NaCoO2. The hyperfine splitting of the DMPO-•OH and DMPO+• adducts was aN = 1.517 mT, aHβ = 1.489 mT and aN = 1.496 mT, respectively. Discarded alkali metal battery electrode materials can be reused as photocatalysts to address environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Lin Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fu-Yu Liu
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 40306, Taiwan
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Yun Lin
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 40306, Taiwan
| | - Jing Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guan-Yo Liu
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 40306, Taiwan
| | - Bo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dechun Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Chiing-Chang Chen
- Department of Science Education and Application, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung, 40306, Taiwan.
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6
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Selectively anchoring single atoms on specific sites of supports for improved oxygen evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2473. [PMID: 35513390 PMCID: PMC9072319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The homogeneity of single-atom catalysts is only to the first-order approximation when all isolated metal centers interact identically with the support. Since the realistic support with various topologies or defects offers diverse coordination environments, realizing real homogeneity requires precise control over the anchoring sites. In this work, we selectively anchor Ir single atoms onto the three-fold hollow sites (Ir1/TO–CoOOH) and oxygen vacancies (Ir1/VO–CoOOH) on defective CoOOH surface to investigate how the anchoring sites modulate catalytic performance. The oxygen evolution activities of Ir1/TO–CoOOH and Ir1/VO–CoOOH are improved relative to CoOOH through different mechanisms. For Ir1/TO–CoOOH, the strong electronic interaction between single-atom Ir and the support modifies the electronic structure of the active center for stronger electronic affinity to intermediates. For Ir1/VO–CoOOH, a hydrogen bonding is formed between the coordinated oxygen of single-atom Ir center and the oxygenated intermediates, which stabilizes the intermediates and lowers the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. While single-atom catalysts offer well-defined structures, the homogeneity of the active sites is determined by localized coordination environments. Here, authors anchor Ir single atoms onto different sites on CoOOH and show how their distinct coordinations activate oxygen-evolving electrocatalysis
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7
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Electrode reconstruction strategy for oxygen evolution reaction: maintaining Fe-CoOOH phase with intermediate-spin state during electrolysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:605. [PMID: 35105874 PMCID: PMC8807628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational calculations and experimental studies reveal that the CoOOH phase and the intermediate-spin (IS) state are the key factors for realizing efficient Co-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, according to thermodynamics, general cobalt oxide converts to the CoO2 phase under OER condition, retarding the OER kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and scalable strategy to fabricate electrodes with maintaining Fe-CoOOH phase and an IS state under the OER. The changes of phase and spin states were uncovered by combining in-situ/operando X-ray based absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical reconstruction of chalcogenide treated Co foam affords a highly enlarged active surface that conferred excellent catalytic activity and stability in a large-scale water electrolyzer. Our findings are meaningful in that the calculated results were experimentally verified through the operando analyses. It also proposes a new strategy for electrode fabrication and confirms the importance of real active phases and spin states under a particular reaction condition. The phase and spin state affect catalytic activity of Co-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction. Herein, the authors demonstrate a simple reconstruction strategy to fabricate electrodes maintaining a Fe-CoOOH phase and an intermediate-spin state during catalysis.
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8
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Song Y, Xu B, Liao T, Guo J, Wu Y, Sun Z. Electronic Structure Tuning of 2D Metal (Hydr)oxides Nanosheets for Electrocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2002240. [PMID: 32851763 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets have captured increasing interest in electrocatalytic applications aroused by their high specific surface areas, enriched chemically active sites, tunable physiochemical properties, etc. In particular, the electrocatalytic reactivities of materials greatly rely on their surface electronic structures. Generally speaking, the electronic structures of catalysts can be well adjusted via controlling their morphologies, defects, and heterostructures. In this Review, the latest advances in 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets are first reviewed, including the applications in electrocatalysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and oxygen evolution reaction. Then, the electronic structure-property relationships of 2D metal (hydr)oxide nanosheets are discussed to draw a picture of enhancing the electrocatalysis performances through a series of electronic structure tuning strategies. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges and the trends for the future design of 2D metal (hydr)oxide electrocatalysts with prominent catalytic activity are outlined. It is expected that this Review can shed some light on the design of next generation electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Ting Liao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Junjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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10
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Michel CR, Lopez-Alvarez MA, Martínez-Preciado AH. Novel UV sensing and photocatalytic properties of nanostructured LiCoO2 prepared by the coprecipitation method. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Meng L, Li L, Wang J, Fu S, Zhang Y, Li J, Xue C, Wei Y, Li G. Valence-engineered MoNi4/MoOx@NF as a Bi-functional electrocatalyst compelling for urea-assisted water splitting reaction. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Ye S, Zhang Y, Xiong W, Xu T, Liao P, Zhang P, Ren X, He C, Zheng L, Ouyang X, Zhang Q, Liu J. Construction of tetrahedral CoO 4 vacancies for activating the high oxygen evolution activity of Co 3-xO 4-δ porous nanosheet arrays. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11079-11087. [PMID: 32400794 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents low-crystalline and non-stoichiometric cobalt oxide (Co3-xO4-δ) porous nanosheet arrays (PNAs) grown on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) (Co3-xO4-δ PNAs/CFC) by a facile in situ anodic oxidation strategy. We firstly verified that the above prepared low crystalline cobalt oxide contained tetrahedral CoO4 vacancies, resulting in the creation of O vacancies at adjacent octahedral CoO6 sites, allowing the generation of tetragonal-pyramidal CoO5 sites which were regarded as active sites and being accessible for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with different reaction mechanisms compared to that of traditional CoO6 sites in high-crystalline and stoichiometric Co3O4, thus endowing Co3-xO4-δ PNAs/CFC with significantly improved OER activity and superior stability compared to their crystalline counterparts (Co3O4 PNAs/CFC), as illustrated by experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This study will open up a new approach for the synthesis of defect-rich materials and provide new insight into the structure-property relationship of OER catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Ye
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China. and Graphene Composite Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China. and Graphene Composite Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China. and Graphene Composite Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China. and Graphene Composite Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Cell Research and Development, Farasis Energy Inc., Hayward California, 94545, USA
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Xiangzhong Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, PR China
| | - Qianling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Jianhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China. and Shenzhen Eigen-Equation Graphene Technology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, 518000, PR China and Graphene Composite Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
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13
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Huang D, Yu J, Zhang Z, Engtrakul C, Burrell A, Zhou M, Luo H, Tenent RC. Enhancing the Electrocatalysis of LiNi 0.5Co 0.2Mn 0.3O 2 by Introducing Lithium Deficiency for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:10496-10502. [PMID: 32043855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523), as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, has attracted considerable attention and been successfully commercialized for decades. NCM is also a promising electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the catalytic activity is highly correlated to its structure. In this paper, we successfully obtain NCM523 with three different structures: spinel NCM synthesized at low temperature (LT-NCM), disordered NCM (DO-NCM) with lithium deficiency obtained at high temperature, and layered hexagonal NCM at high temperature (HT-NCM). By introducing lithium deficiency to tune the valence state of transition metals in NCM from Ni2+ to Ni3+, DO-NCM exhibits the best catalytic activity with the lowest onset potential (∼1.48 V) and Tafel slope (∼85.6 mV dec-1), whereas HT-NCM exhibits the worst catalytic activity with the highest onset potential (∼1.63 V) and Tafel slope (∼241.8 mV dec-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jiuling Yu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Zhengcheng Zhang
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chaiwat Engtrakul
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Anthony Burrell
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Robert C Tenent
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Li J, Li G, Wang J, Xue C, Li X, Wang S, Han B, Yang M, Li L. A novel core–double shell heterostructure derived from a metal–organic framework for efficient HER, OER and ORR electrocatalysis. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A core–double shell heterostructure Co9S8@Co9S8@MoS2-0.5 with multiple interfaces and a tunable electronic structure was constructed as an efficient tri-functional electrocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Guangshe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Jianghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Chenglin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Xiangshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Bingqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Liping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
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15
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Li J, Li G, Wang J, Xue C, Zhang Y, Wu X, Meng L, Li L. Iron‐Doped LiCoO
2
Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Water Oxidation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
| | - Guangshe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
| | - Jianghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 350002 Fuzhou PR China
| | - Chenglin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
| | - Yuelan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
| | - Xiufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
| | - Lingshen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
| | - Liping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun PR China
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16
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17
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Melby ES, Cui Y, Borgatta J, Mensch AC, Hang MN, Chrisler WB, Dohnalkova A, Van Gilder JM, Alvarez CM, Smith JN, Hamers RJ, Orr G. Impact of lithiated cobalt oxide and phosphate nanoparticles on rainbow trout gill epithelial cells. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:1166-1181. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1508785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Melby
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - Jaya Borgatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Arielle C. Mensch
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - Mimi N. Hang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - William B. Chrisler
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alice Dohnalkova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
| | - John M. Van Gilder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Catherine M. Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Jordan N. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, (WI), USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, (WA), USA
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18
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Wang J, Li L, Li J, Meng L, Xue C, Li G. Stabilizing Co
4+
Ions in Ultrathin Cobalt Oxide Nanosheets for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Liping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Lingshen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chenglin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Guangshe Li
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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19
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Regulating the Charge and Spin Ordering of Two-Dimensional Ultrathin Solids for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Yang MQ, Wang J, Wu H, Ho GW. Noble Metal-Free Nanocatalysts with Vacancies for Electrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703323. [PMID: 29356413 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The fast development of nanoscience and nanotechnology has significantly advanced the fabrication of nanocatalysts and the in-depth study of the structural-activity characteristics of materials at the atomic level. Vacancies, as typical atomic defects or imperfections that widely exist in solid materials, are demonstrated to effectively modulate the physicochemical, electronic, and catalytic properties of nanomaterials, which is a key concept and hot research topic in nanochemistry and nanocatalysis. The recent experimental and theoretical progresses achieved in the preparation and application of vacancy-rich nanocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting are explored. Engineering of vacancies has shown to open up a new avenue beyond the traditional morphology, size, and composition modifications for the development of nonprecious electrocatalysts toward efficient energy conversion. First, an introduction followed by discussions of different types of vacancies, the approaches to create vacancies, and the advanced techniques widely used to characterize these vacancies are presented. Importantly, the correlations between the vacancies and activities of the vacancy-rich electrocatalysts via tuning the electronic states, active sites, and kinetic energy barriers are reviewed. Finally, perspectives on the existing challenges along with some opportunities for the further development of vacancy-rich noble metal-free electrocatalysts with high performance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Quan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Engineering Science Programme, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
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21
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Wang J, Li L, Wang L, Liu Y, Sun W, Li W, Li G. In Situ Growth of MoS 2 Nanosheet Arrays and TS 2 (T = Fe, Co, and Ni) Nanocubes onto Molybdate for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:464-471. [PMID: 31457905 PMCID: PMC6641241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designing efficient and low-price bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are vitally important to bring solar/electrical-to-hydrogen energy conversion processes into reality. Herein, we report on a synthetic method that leads to an in situ growth of ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets and transition metal disulfide nanocubes onto the surface of Fe1/3Co1/3Ni1/3MoO4 nanorods for the first time. Such hybrids are found to serve as a bifunctional electrocatalyst with high activities for OER and HER, as represented by an impressive anodic and cathodic current density of 10 mA cm-2 at 1.53 and -0.25 V, respectively. More importantly, the performance for OER is even better than that of IrO2, the conventional noble metal electrocatalyst. These striking observations were interpreted in terms of the combination of strongly synergistic effect of multimetal components, large amount of exposed active site, and superaerophobia. The present methodology has been confirmed universal for synthesizing other molybdate solid solutions, which would open up new possibilities for designing novel non-noble bifunctional electrocatalysts for OER and HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Liping Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wengang Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guangshe Li
- Key
Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry,
College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- E-mail: (G.L.)
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22
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Saat G, Balci FM, Alsaç EP, Karadas F, Dag Ö. Molten Salt Assisted Self-Assembly: Synthesis of Mesoporous LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 Thin Films and Investigation of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Performance of Lithium Cobaltate. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1701913. [PMID: 29148619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous thin films of transition metal lithiates (TML) belong to an important group of materials for the advancement of electrochemical systems. This study demonstrates a simple one pot method to synthesize the first examples of mesoporous LiCoO2 and LiMn2 O4 thin films. Molten salt assisted self-assembly can be used to establish an easy route to produce mesoporous TML thin films. The salts (LiNO3 and [Co(H2 O)6 ](NO3 )2 or [Mn(H2 O)4 ](NO3 )2 ) and two surfactants (10-lauryl ether and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) or cethyltrimethylammonium nitrate (CTAN)) form stable liquid crystalline mesophases. The charged surfactant is needed for the assembly of the necessary amount of salt in the hydrophilic domains of the mesophase, which produces stable metal lithiate pore-walls upon calcination. The films have a large pore size with a high surface area that can be increased up to 82 m2 g-1 . The method described can be adopted to synthesize other metal oxides and metal lithiates. The mesoporous thin films of LiCoO2 show promising performance as water oxidation catalysts under pH 7 and 14 conditions. The electrodes, prepared using CTAN as the cosurfactant, display the lowest overpotentials in the literature among other LiCoO2 systems, as low as 376 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 282 mV at 1 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Saat
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Pınar Alsaç
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferdi Karadas
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Dag
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Wang J, Li L, Meng L, Wang L, Liu Y, Li W, Sun W, Li G. Morphology engineering of nickel molybdate hydrate nanoarray for electrocatalytic overall water splitting: from nanorod to nanosheet. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35131-35138. [PMID: 35547067 PMCID: PMC9087359 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07323f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We realize the modulation of nanoarray morphology from nanorod to nanosheet and improve the catalytic activity for water splitting by simply changing the hydrothermal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
| | - Liping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Lingshen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Wengang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis & Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Guangshe Li
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- P. R. China
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