1
|
Ballestas K, Milić JV, Ramírez D. Interfacial host-guest complexation for inverted perovskite solar cells. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204712. [PMID: 38818896 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated exceptional development over the past decade, but their stability remains a challenge toward the application of this technology. Several strategies have been used to address this, and the use of host-guest complexation has recently attracted more interest. However, this approach has primarily been exploited in conventional perovskite solar cells based on n-i-p architectures, while its use in inverted p-i-n devices remains unexplored. Herein, we employ representative crown ether, dibenzo-24-crown-8, for interfacial host-guest complexation in inverted perovskite solar cells based on methylammonium and methylammonium-free formamidinium-cesium halide perovskite compositions. Upon post-treatment of the perovskite films, we observed nanostructures on the surface that were associated with the reduced amount of trap states at the interface with the electron transport layer. As a result, we demonstrate improved efficiencies and operational stabilities following ISOS-D-2I and ISOS-L-2I protocols, demonstrating the viability of this approach to advance device stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ballestas
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales (CIDEMAT), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 #52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jovana V Milić
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales (CIDEMAT), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 #52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin PA, Yang B, Lin C, Fan Z, Chen Y, Zhang W, Cai B, Sun J, Zheng X, Zhang WH. A regulation strategy of self-assembly molecules for achieving efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14305-14316. [PMID: 38693910 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been successfully employed to enhance the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells due to their facile low-temperature processing and superior device performance. Nevertheless, depositing uniform and dense SAMs with high surface coverage on metal oxide substrates remains a critical challenge. In this work, we propose a holistic strategy to construct composite hole transport layers (HTLs) by co-adsorbing mixed SAMs (MeO-2PACz and 2PACz) onto the surface of the H2O2-modified NiOx layer. The results demonstrate that the conductivity of the NiOx bulk phase is enhanced due to the H2O2 modification, thereby facilitating carrier transport. Furthermore, the hydroxyl-rich NiOx surface promotes uniform and dense adsorption of mixed SAM molecules while enhancing their anchoring stability. In addition, the energy level alignment at the interface is improved due to the utilization of mixed SAMs in an optimized ratio. Furthermore, the perovskite film crystal growth is facilitated by the uniform and dense composite HTLs. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs based on composite HTLs is boosted from 22.26% to 23.16%, along with enhanced operational stability. This work highlights the importance of designing and constructing NiOx/SAM composite HTLs as an effective strategy for enhancing both the performance and stability of inverted PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu-An Lin
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Changqing Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenghui Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Institute of Photovoltaic, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Bing Cai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Xiaojia Zheng
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
- National Energy Novel Materials Center, Chengdu 610200, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-carbon Technologies, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Armstrong PJ, Chapagain S, Panta R, Grapperhaus C, Druffel T. Synthesizing and formulating metal oxide nanoparticle inks for perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12248-12261. [PMID: 37751155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cell has commercial potential due to the low-cost of materials and manufacturing processes with cell efficiencies on par with traditional technologies. Nanomaterials have many properties that make them attractive for the perovskite devices, including low-cost inks, low temperature processing, stable material properties and good charge transport. In this feature article, the use of nanomaterials in the hole transport and electron transport layers are reviewed. Specifically, SnO2 and NiOx are the leading materials with the most promise for translation to large scale applications. The review includes a discussion of the synthesis, formulation, and processing of these nanoparticles and provides insights for their further deployment towards commercially viable perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Sashil Chapagain
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Rojita Panta
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Craig Grapperhaus
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Thad Druffel
- University of Louisville, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma X, Luo H, Jiang S, Zheng L, Xue H, Li X. Phase-Engineering of Layered Nickel Hydroxide for Synthesizing High-Quality NiO x Nanocrystals for Efficient Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38444-38453. [PMID: 37526352 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiOx) nanocrystals have been widely used in inverted (p-i-n) flexible perovskite solar cells (fPSCs) due to their remarkable advantages of low cost and outstanding stability. However, anion and cation impurities such as NO3- widely exist in the NiOx nanocrystals obtained from calcinated nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2). The impurities impair the photovoltaic performance of fPSCs. In this work, we report a facile but effective way to reduce the impurities within the NiOx nanocrystals by regulating the Ni(OH)2 crystal phase. We add different alkalis, such as organic ammonium hydroxide and alkali metal hydroxides, to nickel nitrate solutions to precipitate layered Ni(OH)2 with different crystalline phase compositions (α and β mixtures). Especially, Ni(OH)2 with a high β-phase content (such as from KOH) has a narrower crystal plane spacing, resulting in fewer residual impurity ions. Thus, the NiOx nanocrystals, by calcinating the Ni(OH)x with excess β phase from KOH, show improved performance in inverted fPSCs. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.42% has been achieved, which is among the state-of-art inverted fPSCs based on the NiOx hole transport material. Moreover, the reduced impurities are beneficial for enhancing the fPSCs' stability. This work provides an essential but facile strategy for developing high-performance inverted fPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Ma
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongqiang Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shusen Jiang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lingling Zheng
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao Xue
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Li
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li S, Wang X, Li H, Fang J, Wang D, Xie G, Lin D, He S, Qiu L. Low-Temperature Chemical Bath Deposition of Conformal and Compact NiO X for Scalable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301110. [PMID: 37086142 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A scalable and low-cost deposition of high-quality charge transport layers and photoactive perovskite layers are the grand challenges for large-area and efficient perovskite solar modules and tandem cells. An inverted structure with an inorganic hole transport layer is expected for long-term stability. Among various hole transport materials, nickel oxide has been investigated for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. However, the reported deposition methods are either difficult for large-scale conformal deposition or require a high vacuum process. Chemical bath deposition is supposed to realize a uniform, conformal, and scalable coating by a solution process. However, the conventional chemical bath deposition requires a high annealing temperature of over 400 °C. In this work, an amino-alcohol ligand-based controllable release and deposition of NiOX using chemical bath deposition with a low calcining temperature of 270 °C is developed. The uniform and conformal in-situ growth precursive films can be adjusted by tuning the ligand structure. The inverted structured perovskite solar cells and large-area solar modules reached a champion PCE of 22.03% and 19.03%, respectively. This study paves an efficient, low-temperature, and scalable chemical bath deposition route for large-area NiOX thin films for the scalable fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huan Li
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fang
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Daozeng Wang
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guanshui Xie
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dongxu Lin
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Sisi He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Flexible Printed Electronics Technology Center, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Longbin Qiu
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Makming P, Homnan S, Ngamjarurojana A, Rimjaem S, Gardchareon A, Sagawa T, Haruta M, Pakawatpanurut P, Wongratanaphisan D, Kanjanaboos P, Intaniwet A, Ruankham P. Efficient and Stable Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Mixed CuPc:CuSCN Hole Transporting Layer for Indoor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15486-15497. [PMID: 36939163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an innovative technology with great potential to offer cost-effective and high-performance devices for converting light into electricity that can be used for both outdoor and indoor applications. In this study, a novel hole-transporting layer (HTL) was created by mixing copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) molecules into a copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) film and was applied to carbon-based PSCs with cesium/formamidinium (Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3) as a photoabsorber. At the optimum concentration, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.01% was achieved under AM1.5G test conditions, and 32.1% PCE was acquired under low-light 1000 lux conditions. It was discovered that the mixed CuPc:CuSCN HTL helps reduce trap density and improve the perovskite/HTL interface as well as the HTL/carbon interface. Moreover, the PSCs based on the mixed CuPc:CuSCN HTL provided better stability over 1 year due to the hydrophobicity of CuPc material. In addition, thermal stability was tested at 85 °C and the devices achieved an average efficiency drop of approximately 50% of the initial PCE value after 1000 h. UV light stability was also examined, and the results revealed that the average efficiency drop of 40% of the initial value for 70 min of exposure was observed. The work presented here represents an important step toward the practical implementation of the PSC as it paves the way for the development of cost-effective, stable, yet high-performance PSCs for both outdoor and indoor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyapond Makming
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, San Sai District, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Saowalak Homnan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Athipong Ngamjarurojana
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakhorn Rimjaem
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Atcharawon Gardchareon
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Takashi Sagawa
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Haruta
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Pasit Pakawatpanurut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangmanee Wongratanaphisan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Kanjanaboos
- School of Materials Science and Innovation, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Akarin Intaniwet
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, San Sai District, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Pipat Ruankham
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center in Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shahinuzzaman M, Afroz S, Mohafez H, Jamal MS, Khandaker MU, Sulieman A, Tamam N, Islam MA. Roles of Inorganic Oxide Based HTMs towards Highly Efficient and Long-Term Stable PSC-A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3003. [PMID: 36080043 PMCID: PMC9457918 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In just a few years, the efficiency of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) has risen to 25.8%, making them competitive with current commercial technology. Due to the inherent advantage of perovskite thin films that can be fabricated using simple solution techniques at low temperatures, PSCs are regarded as one of the most important low-cost and mass-production prospects. The lack of stability, on the other hand, is one of the major barriers to PSC commercialization. The goal of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of recent improvements in PSCs, such as structural modification and fabrication procedures, which have resulted in increased device stability. The role of different types of hole transport layers (HTL) and the evolution of inorganic HTL including their fabrication techniques have been reviewed in detail in this review. We eloquently emphasized the variables that are critical for the successful commercialization of perovskite devices in the final section. To enhance perovskite solar cell commercialization, we also aimed to obtain insight into the operational stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their stability through rational materials and device fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Afroz
- Department of Physics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hamidreza Mohafez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. S. Jamal
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, DIU Rd, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang S, Li Y, Yang J, Wang T, Yang B, Cao Q, Pu X, Etgar L, Han J, Zhao J, Li X, Hagfeldt A. Critical Role of Removing Impurities in Nickel Oxide on High-Efficiency and Long-Term Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116534. [PMID: 35174939 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The performance enhancement of inverted perovskite solar cells applying nickel oxide (NiOx ) as the hole transport layer (HTL) has been limited by impurity ions (such as nitrate ions). Herein, we have proposed a strategy to obtain high-quality NiOx nanoparticles via an ionic liquid-assisted synthesis method (NiOx -IL). Experimental and theoretical results illustrate that the cation of the ionic liquid can inhibit the adsorption of impurity ions on nickel hydroxide through a strong hydrogen bond and low adsorption energy, thereby obtaining NiOx -IL HTL with high conductivity and strong hole-extraction ability. Importantly, the removal of impurity ions can effectively suppress the redox reaction between the NiOx film and the perovskite film, thus slowing down the deterioration of device performance. Consequently, the modified inverted device shows a striking efficiency exceeding 22.62 %, and superior stability maintaining 92 % efficiency at a maximum power point tracking under one sun illumination for 1000 h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077, Shatin, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Yang
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qi Cao
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingyu Pu
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry, Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jian Han
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Junsong Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuanhua Li
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710000 Shaanxi, Xi'an, China
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang S, Li Y, Yang J, Wang T, Yang B, Cao Q, Pu X, Etgar L, Han J, Zhao J, Li X, Hagfeldt A. Critical Role of Removing Impurities in Nickel Oxide on High‐Efficiency and Long‐Term Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Wang
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation Chinese University of Hong Kong 999077 Shatin, Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Jiabao Yang
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Tong Wang
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Qi Cao
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Xingyu Pu
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Lioz Etgar
- Institute of Chemistry Casali Center for Applied Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 91904 Jerusalem Israel
| | - Jian Han
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Junsong Zhao
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Xuanhua Li
- State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center for Nano Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University 710000 Shaanxi Xi'an China
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang S, Bai Y, Ma Z, Jin S, Zou C, Tan Z. Recent Advances of Monolithic
All‐Perovskite
Tandem Solar Cells: From Materials to Devices. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Yiming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
| | - Zongwen Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shengli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Utilization & Energy Saving Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Energy Group R&D Institute Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Zhejiang 311121 China
| | - Chao Zou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Zhao'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahapatra AD, Lee JW. Metal oxide charge transporting layers for stable high-performance perovskite solar cells. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00825d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent progress in metal oxide charge transporting layers to achieve stable high-performance perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayon Das Mahapatra
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tailoring hierarchical porous TiO2 based ternary rGO/NiO/TiO2 photocatalyst for efficient hydrogen production and degradation of Rhodamine B. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Di Girolamo D, Di Giacomo F, Matteocci F, Marrani AG, Dini D, Abate A. Progress, highlights and perspectives on NiO in perovskite photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7746-7759. [PMID: 34094149 PMCID: PMC8163100 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NiO based perovskite solar cells has recently hit a record 22.1% with a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite composition and a PCE above 15% in a fully inorganic configuration was achieved. Moreover, NiO processing is a mature technology, with different industrially attractive processes demonstrated in the last few years. These considerations, along with the excellent stabilities reported, clearly point towards NiO as the most efficient inorganic hole selective layer for lead halide perovskite photovoltaics, which is the topic of this review. NiO optoelectronics is discussed by analysing the different doping mechanisms, with a focus on the case of alkaline and transition metal cation dopants. Doping allows tuning the conductivity and the energy levels of NiO, improving the overall performance and adapting the material to a variety of perovskite compositions. Furthermore, we summarise the main investigations on the NiO/perovskite interface stability. In fact, the surface of NiO is commonly oxidised and reactive with perovskite, also under the effect of light, thermal and electrical stress. Interface engineering strategies should be considered aiming at long term stability and the highest efficiency. Finally, we present the main achievements in flexible, fully printed and lead-free perovskite photovoltaics which employ NiO as a layer and provide our perspective to accelerate the improvement of these technologies. Overall, we show that adequately doped and passivated NiO might be an ideal hole selective layer in every possible application of perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering. University of Naples Federico II Pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80 Naples 80125 Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- C.H.O.S.E.- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E.- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering. University of Naples Federico II Pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80 Naples 80125 Italy
- Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics, Hemlholtz Zentrum Berlin Kekulestraße 5 D-12489 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Metal organic framework–derived core-shell CuO@NiO nanosphares as hole transport material in perovskite solar cell. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
15
|
Zhang S, Lee J, Kim DH, Kim T. Effects of Ni loading on the physicochemical properties of NiOx/CeO2 catalysts and catalytic activity for NO reduction by CO. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NO reduction by CO reaction was investigated using NiOx/CeO2 catalysts with different Ni loadings. Surface NiOx controls the catalytic activity which was related to the molecular structure and reducibility of the catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Zhang
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook
- USA
| | - Jaeha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Do Heui Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Processes
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Taejin Kim
- Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Department
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang T, Ding D, Wang X, Zeng R, Liu H, Shen W. High-Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Mesoporous NiO x Hole Transport Layer by Electrochemical Deposition. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18434-18443. [PMID: 31458416 PMCID: PMC6643584 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on a NiO x hole transport layer (HTL) with an inverted p-i-n configuration have yielded highly efficient and relatively stable devices. Here, we develop a simple electrochemical deposition method for quickly and evenly preparing a mesoporous NiO x film. It is demonstrated that the increasing thickness and decreasing surface roughness of the NiO x film are beneficial for light transmission. The optimal condition for preparing NiO x films is achieved by adjusting the deposition time at a certain applied current density, which exhibits excellent optical transmittance and suitable thickness and band gap, thus reducing optical loss and enhancing hole extraction at the interface between HTL and the perovskite layer and therefore improving photovoltaic performances. The finite-difference time-domain simulation confirms the optimal thickness of the NiO x layer and coincides with our experiment results. An optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.77% with an active area of 0.25 cm2 is achieved. The prepared device shows negligible hysteresis, high reproducibility, and high uniformity with a PCE difference of 2% for measuring the different sites from edge to center. This simple fabrication process paves a novel way to the evolution of PSCs based on NiO x and rapid commercialization.
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo Y, Yin X, Liu J, Yang Y, Chen W, Que M, Que W, Gao B. Annealing atmosphere effect on Ni states in the thermal-decomposed NiOx films for perovskite solar cell application. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
18
|
Ramirez D, Jaramillo F, Pérez-Walton S, Osorio-Guillén JM. New nickel-based hybrid organic/inorganic metal halide for photovoltaic applications. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5025077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales-CIDEMAT, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Franklin Jaramillo
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales-CIDEMAT, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Santiago Pérez-Walton
- Departamento de Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano ITM, Calle 73 No. 76A-354, Vía al Volador, Medellín, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fully metal oxide charge selective layers for n-i-p perovskite solar cells employing nickel oxide nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
20
|
Li MH, Yang YS, Wang KC, Chiang YH, Shen PS, Lai WC, Guo TF, Chen P. Robust and Recyclable Substrate Template with an Ultrathin Nanoporous Counter Electrode for Organic-Hole-Conductor-Free Monolithic Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41845-41854. [PMID: 29134795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A robust and recyclable monolithic substrate applying all-inorganic metal-oxide selective contact with a nanoporous (np) Au:NiOx counter electrode is successfully demonstrated for efficient perovskite solar cells, of which the perovskite active layer is deposited in the final step for device fabrication. Through annealing of the Ni/Au bilayer, the nanoporous NiO/Au electrode is formed in virtue of interconnected Au network embedded in oxidized Ni. By optimizing the annealing parameters and tuning the mesoscopic layer thickness (mp-TiO2 and mp-Al2O3), a decent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.25% is delivered. With mp-TiO2/mp-Al2O3/np-Au:NiOx as a template, the original perovskite solar cell with 8.52% PCE can be rejuvenated by rinsing off the perovskite material with dimethylformamide and refilling with newly deposited perovskite. A renewed device using the recycled substrate once and twice, respectively, achieved a PCE of 8.17 and 7.72% that are comparable to original performance. This demonstrates that the novel device architecture is possible to recycle the expensive transparent conducting glass substrates together with all the electrode constituents. Deposition of stable multicomponent perovskite materials in the template also achieves an efficiency of 8.54%, which shows its versatility for various perovskite materials. The application of such a novel NiO/Au nanoporous electrode has promising potential for commercializing cost-effective, large scale, and robust perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Li
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Syuan Yang
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Wang
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Shen
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Lai
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Fang Guo
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Photonics, ‡Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology (CMNST), and §Advanced Optoelectronics Technology Center (AOCT), National Cheng Kung University , Tainan 701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hietzschold S, Hillebrandt S, Ullrich F, Bombsch J, Rohnacher V, Ma S, Liu W, Köhn A, Jaegermann W, Pucci A, Kowalsky W, Mankel E, Beck S, Lovrincic R. Functionalized Nickel Oxide Hole Contact Layers: Work Function versus Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39821-39829. [PMID: 29052974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) is a widely used material for efficient hole extraction in optoelectronic devices. However, its surface characteristics strongly depend on the processing history and exposure to adsorbates. To achieve controllability of the electronic and chemical properties of solution-processed nickel oxide (sNiO), we functionalize its surface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-cyanophenylphosphonic acid. A detailed analysis of infrared and photoelectron spectroscopy shows the chemisorption of the molecules with a nominal layer thickness of around one monolayer and gives an insight into the chemical composition of the SAM. Density functional theory calculations reveal the possible binding configurations. By the application of the SAM, we increase the sNiO work function by up to 0.8 eV. When incorporated in organic solar cells, the increase in work function and improved energy level alignment to the donor does not lead to a higher fill factor of these cells. Instead, we observe the formation of a transport barrier, which can be reduced by increasing the conductivity of the sNiO through doping with copper oxide. We conclude that the widespread assumption of maximizing the fill factor by only matching the work function of the oxide charge extraction layer with the energy levels in the active material is a too narrow approach. Successful implementation of interface modifiers is only possible with a sufficiently high charge carrier concentration in the oxide interlayer to support efficient charge transfer across the interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hietzschold
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, TU Braunschweig , Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabina Hillebrandt
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Ullrich
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Surface Science Division, TU Darmstadt , Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jakob Bombsch
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Rohnacher
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shuangying Ma
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wenlan Liu
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfram Jaegermann
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Surface Science Division, TU Darmstadt , Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kowalsky
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, TU Braunschweig , Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Mankel
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Surface Science Division, TU Darmstadt , Jovanka-Bontschits-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sebastian Beck
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- InnovationLab , Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, TU Braunschweig , Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee K, Ryu J, Yu H, Yun J, Lee J, Jang J. Enhanced efficiency and air-stability of NiO X-based perovskite solar cells via PCBM electron transport layer modification with Triton X-100. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16249-16255. [PMID: 29043370 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We modified phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) for use as a stable, efficient electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PCBM containing a surfactant Triton X-100 acts as the ETL and NiOX nanocrystals act as a hole transport layer (HTL). Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed that surfactant-modified PCBM (s-PCBM) forms a high-quality, uniform, and dense ETL on the rough perovskite layer. This layer effectively blocks holes and reduces interfacial recombination. Steady-state photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses confirmed that Triton X-100 improved the electron extraction performance of PCBM. When the s-PCBM ETL was used, the average power conversion efficiency increased from 10.76% to 15.68%. This improvement was primarily caused by the increases in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor. s-PCBM-based PSCs also showed good air-stability, retaining 83.8% of their initial performance after 800 h under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisu Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|