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Magruder BR, Morse DC, Ellison CJ, Dorfman KD. Boundary Frustration in Double-Gyroid Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:382-388. [PMID: 38478981 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Self-consistent field theory for thin films of AB diblock polymers in the double-gyroid phase reveals that in the absence of preferential wetting of monomer species at the film boundaries, films with the (211) plane oriented parallel to the boundaries are more stable than other orientations, consistent with experimental results. This preferred orientation is explained in the context of boundary frustration. Specifically, the angle of intersection between the A/B interface and the film boundary, the wetting angle, is thermodynamically restricted to a narrow range of values. Most termination planes in the double gyroid cannot accommodate this narrow range of wetting angles without significant local distortion relative to the bulk morphology; the (211)-oriented termination plane with the "double-wave" pattern produces relatively minimal distortion, making it the least frustrated boundary. The principle of boundary frustration provides a framework to understand the relative stability of termination planes for complex ordered block polymer phases confined between flat, nonpreferential boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Magruder
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David C Morse
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kevin D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Qiu S, Li Z, Ye X, Ying X, Zhou J, Wang Y. Selective Swelling of Polystyrene (PS)/Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) Block Copolymers in Alkanes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoutian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing211816, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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3
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Lee TL, Lin JW, Ho RM. Controlled Self-Assembly of Polystyrene- block-Polydimethylsiloxane for Fabrication of Nanonetwork Silica Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:54194-54202. [PMID: 36404593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, this work aims to carry out controlled self-assembly of single-composition block copolymer for the fabrication of various nanonetwork silica monoliths. With the use of lamellae-forming polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS), nanonetwork-structured films could be fabricated by solvent annealing using a PS-selective solvent (chloroform). By simply tuning the flow rate of nitrogen purge to the PS-selective solvent for the controlled self-assembly of the PS-b-PDMS, gyroid- and diamond-structured monoliths can be formed due to the difference in the effective volume of PS in the PS-b-PDMS during solvent annealing. As a result, well-ordered nanonetwork SiO2 (silica) monoliths can be fabricated by templated sol-gel reaction using hydrofluoric acid etched PS-b-PDMS film as a template followed by the removal of the PS. This bottom-up approach for the fabrication of nanonetwork materials through templated synthesis is appealing to create nanonetwork materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
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4
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Ordered Nanostructures in Thin Films of Precise Ion-Containing Multiblock Copolymers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:388-393. [PMID: 35350601 PMCID: PMC8949628 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that ionic functionality in a multiblock architecture produces highly ordered and sub-3 nm nanostructures in thin films, including bicontinuous double gyroids. At 40 °C, precise ion-containing multiblock copolymers of poly(ethylene-b-lithium sulfosuccinate ester) n (PESxLi, x = 12 or 18) exhibit layered ionic assemblies parallel to the substrate. These ionic layers are separated by crystalline polyethylene blocks with the polymer backbones perpendicular to the substrate. Notably, above the melting temperature (T m) of the polyethylene blocks, layered PES18Li thin films transform into a highly oriented double-gyroid morphology with the (211) plane (d 211 = 2.5 nm) aligned parallel to the substrate. The cubic lattice parameter (a gyr) of the double gyroid is 6.1 nm. Upon heating further above T m, the double-gyroid morphology in PES18Li transitions into hexagonally packed cylinders with cylinders parallel to the substrate. These layered, double-gyroid, and cylinder nanostructures form epitaxially and spontaneously without secondary treatment, such as interfacial layers and solvent vapor annealing. When the film thickness is less than ∼3a gyr, double gyroids and cylinders coexist due to the increased confinement. For PES12Li above T m, the layered ionic assemblies simply transform into disordered morphology. Given the chemical tunability of ion-functionalized multiblock copolymers, this study reveals a versatile pathway to fabricating ordered nanostructures in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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Nowak SR, Lachmayr KK, Yager KG, Sita LR. Stable Thermotropic 3D and 2D Double Gyroid Nanostructures with Sub‐2‐nm Feature Size from Scalable Sugar–Polyolefin Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Kätchen K. Lachmayr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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Nowak SR, Lachmayr KK, Yager KG, Sita LR. Stable Thermotropic 3D and 2D Double Gyroid Nanostructures with Sub‐2‐nm Feature Size from Scalable Sugar–Polyolefin Conjugates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8710-8716. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Nowak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Kätchen K. Lachmayr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA
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Lee GH, Kim S, Kim Y, Jang MS, Jung YS. Simulation and Fabrication of Nanoscale Spirals Based on Dual-Scale Self-Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46678-46685. [PMID: 32931243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Archimedean spirals in nanometer scale have shown remarkable plasmonic responses derived from their linear and rotational asymmetry. Despite the unique optical properties of nanoscale spirals, their applications have been limited due to the difficulty in fabricating large-scale arrays with uniform and systematic control of the morphology. Here, we report simulation results of spiral morphologies, which are used to design a scalable fabrication process for nanoscale spirals and predict their plasmonic responses. First, self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations were performed to design optimal templates to guide self-assembly into spiral morphologies. Using the SCFT results, we developed a scalable fabrication process, which is based on the micron-scale assembly of microspheres combined with glancing angle deposition and nanoscale assembly of block copolymers, to induce the formation of uniform nanospirals with diverse size, handedness, orientation, and winding number. Finally, finite-difference time-domain simulation results show linear dichroism and electric field intensity enhancement effects of these nanospirals, which are highly dependent on the winding number of the spirals, indicating the importance of precise control of the structural parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinho Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongJoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Oh J, Suh HS, Ko Y, Nah Y, Lee JC, Yeom B, Char K, Ross CA, Son JG. Universal perpendicular orientation of block copolymer microdomains using a filtered plasma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2912. [PMID: 31266942 PMCID: PMC6606568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-10 nm patterns prepared by directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) thin films offer a breakthrough method to overcome the limitations of photolithography. Perpendicular orientation of the BCP nanostructures is essential for lithographic applications, but dissimilar surface/interfacial energies of two blocks generally favour parallel orientations, so that the perpendicular orientation could only be obtained under very limited conditions. Here, we introduce a generalized method for creating perpendicular orientations by filtered plasma treatment of the BCP films. By cross-linking the surface of disordered BCP films using only physical collisions of neutral species without ion bombardment or UV irradiation, neutral layers consistent with the BCP volume fraction are produced that promote the perpendicular orientations. This method works with BCPs of various types, volume fractions, and molecular weights individually at the top and bottom interfaces, so it was applied to orientation-controlled 3D multilayer structures and DSA processes for sub-10 nm line-spacing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Oh
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngpyo Ko
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseo Nah
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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10
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May AW, Shi Z, Wijayasekara DB, Gin DL, Bailey TS. Self-assembly of highly asymmetric, poly(ionic liquid)-rich diblock copolymers and the effects of simple structural modification on phase behaviour. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ATRP-synthesized poly(IL) diblock copolymers exhibit morphological phase behavior with shifted phase boundaries and alkyl substituent dependent segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa W. May
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
| | - Zhangxing Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | | | - Douglas L. Gin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
| | - Travis S. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
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11
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Song X, Guo H, Tao J, Zhao S, Han X, Liu H. Design of tunable-size 2D nanopore membranes from self-assembled amphiphilic nanosheets using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Uddin MF, Jiang Z, Raymond A, Goodson AD, Lwoya BS, Albert JNL. Thin film confinement reduces compatibility in symmetric ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Fakar Uddin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X‐Ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439
| | - Andrew Raymond
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Amy D. Goodson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Baraka S. Lwoya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana 70118
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Lee S, Cheng LC, Gadelrab KR, Ntetsikas K, Moschovas D, Yager KG, Avgeropoulos A, Alexander-Katz A, Ross CA. Double-Layer Morphologies from a Silicon-Containing ABA Triblock Copolymer. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6193-6202. [PMID: 29856599 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental and self-consistent-field theoretical (SCFT) investigation of the phase behavior of poly(stryrene- b-dimethylsiloxane- b-styrene) (PS- b-PDMS- b-PS, or SDS32) thin films during solvent vapor annealing is presented. The morphology of the triblock copolymer is described as a function of the as-cast film thickness and the ratio of two different solvent vapors, toluene and heptane. SDS32 formed terraced bilayer morphologies even when the film thickness was much lower than the commensurate thickness. The morphology transitioned between bilayer cylinders, bilayer perforated lamellae, and bilayer lamellae, including mixed structures such as a perforated lamella on top of a layer of in-plane cylinders, as the heptane fraction during solvent annealing increased. SCFT modeling showed the same morphological trends as a function of the block volume fraction. In comparison with diblock PS- b-PDMS with the same molecular weight, the SDS32 offers a simple route to produce a diversity of well-ordered bilayer structures with smaller feature sizes, including the formation of bilayer perforated lamellae over a large process window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Li-Chen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Karim R Gadelrab
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , University Campus-Dourouti , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , University Campus-Dourouti , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Ioannina , University Campus-Dourouti , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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