1
|
Quilty CD, Wu D, Li W, Bock DC, Wang L, Housel LM, Abraham A, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES. Electron and Ion Transport in Lithium and Lithium-Ion Battery Negative and Positive Composite Electrodes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1327-1363. [PMID: 36757020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage systems, specifically lithium and lithium-ion batteries, are ubiquitous in contemporary society with the widespread deployment of portable electronic devices. Emerging storage applications such as integration of renewable energy generation and expanded adoption of electric vehicles present an array of functional demands. Critical to battery function are electron and ion transport as they determine the energy output of the battery under application conditions and what portion of the total energy contained in the battery can be utilized. This review considers electron and ion transport processes for active materials as well as positive and negative composite electrodes. Length and time scales over many orders of magnitude are relevant ranging from atomic arrangements of materials and short times for electron conduction to large format batteries and many years of operation. Characterization over this diversity of scales demands multiple methods to obtain a complete view of the transport processes involved. In addition, we offer a perspective on strategies for enabling rational design of electrodes, the role of continuum modeling, and the fundamental science needed for continued advancement of electrochemical energy storage systems with improved energy density, power, and lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Quilty
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daren Wu
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Wenzao Li
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David C Bock
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lisa M Housel
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alyson Abraham
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scharf J, Chouchane M, Finegan DP, Lu B, Redquest C, Kim MC, Yao W, Franco AA, Gostovic D, Liu Z, Riccio M, Zelenka F, Doux JM, Meng YS. Bridging nano- and microscale X-ray tomography for battery research by leveraging artificial intelligence. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:446-459. [PMID: 35414116 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique in which contrast originates from the materials' absorption coefficient. The recent development of laboratory nanoscale CT (nano-CT) systems has pushed the spatial resolution for battery material imaging to voxel sizes of 50 nm, a limit previously achievable only with synchrotron facilities. Given the non-destructive nature of CT, in situ and operando studies have emerged as powerful methods to quantify morphological parameters, such as tortuosity factor, porosity, surface area and volume expansion, during battery operation or cycling. Combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning analysis techniques, nano-CT has enabled the development of predictive models to analyse the impact of the electrode microstructure on cell performances or the influence of material heterogeneities on electrochemical responses. In this Review, we discuss the role of X-ray CT and nano-CT experimentation in the battery field, discuss the incorporation of artificial intelligence and machine learning analyses and provide a perspective on how the combination of multiscale CT imaging techniques can expand the development of predictive multiscale battery behavioural models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Scharf
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Mehdi Chouchane
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
| | | | - Bingyu Lu
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Redquest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Min-Cheol Kim
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Weiliang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro A Franco
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR CNRS 7314, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Alistore-ERI European Research Institute, FR CNRS 3104, Hub de l'Energie, Amiens, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Zhao Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean-Marie Doux
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of Nano-Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center (SPEC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan H, Fu T, Zan G, Chen R, Yao C, Li Q, Pianetta P, Zhang K, Liu Y, Yu X, Li H. Fast Li Plating Behavior Probed by X-ray Computed Tomography. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5254-5261. [PMID: 34105964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uneven lithium plating/stripping is an essential issue that inhibits stable cycling of a lithium metal anode and thus hinders its practical applications. The investigation of this process is challenging because it is difficult to observe lithium in an operating device. Here, we demonstrate that the microscopic lithium plating behavior can be observed in situ in a close-to-practical cell setup using X-ray computed tomography. The results reveal the formation of porous structure and its progressive evolution in space over the charging process with a large current. The elaborated analysis indicates that the microstructure of deposited lithium makes a significant impact on the subsequent lithium plating, and the impact of structural inhomogeneity, further exaggerated by the large-current charging, can lead to severely uneven lithium plating and eventually cell failure. Therefore, a codesign strategy involving delicate controls of microstructure and electrochemical conditions could be a necessity for the next-generation battery with lithium metal anode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Pan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tianyu Fu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibin Zan
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Rusong Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunxia Yao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Quan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiqian Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu Y, Liu Y, Xie J. Building Better Li Metal Anodes in Liquid Electrolyte: Challenges and Progress. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18-33. [PMID: 33382579 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Li metal has been widely recognized as a promising anode candidate for high-energy-density batteries. However, the inherent limitations of Li metal, that is, the low Coulombic efficiency and dendrite issues, make it still far from practical applications. In short, the low Coulombic efficiency shortens the cycle life of Li metal batteries, while the dendrite issue raises safety concerns. Thanks to the great efforts of the research community, prolific fundamental understanding as well as approaches for mitigating Li metal anode safety have been extensively explored. In this Review, Li electrochemical deposition behaviors have been systematically summarized, and recent progress in electrode design and electrolyte system optimization is reviewed. Finally, we discuss the future directions, opportunities, and challenges of Li metal anodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Magnier L, Devaux D, Lachambre J, Lecuyer M, Deschamps M, Bouchet R, Maire E. Quantification of the Local Topological Variations of Stripped and Plated Lithium Metal by X-ray Tomography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41390-41397. [PMID: 32805114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal is the most promising negative electrode to be implemented in batteries for stationary and electric vehicle applications. For years, its use and subsequent industrialization were hampered because of the inhomogeneous Li+ ion reduction upon recharge onto Li metal leading to dendrite growth. The use of solid polymer electrolyte is a solution to mitigate dendrite growth. Li reduction leads typically to dense Li deposits, but the Li stripping and plating process remain nonuniform with local current heterogeneities. A precise characterization of the behavior of these heterogeneities during cycling is then essential to move toward an optimized negative electrode. In this work, we have developed a characterization method based on X-ray tomography applied to model Li symmetric cells to quantify and spatially probe the Li stripping/plating processes. Ante- and post-mortem cells are recut in smaller cells to allow a 1 μm voxel size resolution in a conventional laboratory scanner. The reconstructed cell volume is postprocessed to numerically reflatten the Li electrodes, allowing us a subsequent precise measurement of the electrode and electrolyte thicknesses and revealing local interface modifications. This in-depth analysis brings information about the location of heterogeneities and their impact on the electrode microstructure at both the electrode grains and grain boundaries. We show that the plating process (reduction) induces more pronounced heterogeneities compared to the stripping (oxidation) one. The existence of crosstalking between the electrodes is also highlighted. In addition, this simple methodology permits to finely retrieve and then surface map the local current density at both electrodes based on the local thickness change during the redox process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Magnier
- INSA Lyon, CNRS UMR 5510, MATEIS, Univ. Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Devaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Joël Lachambre
- INSA Lyon, CNRS UMR 5510, MATEIS, Univ. Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Marc Deschamps
- Blue Solutions, Odet, Ergue Gaberic, 29500 Quimper, France
| | - Renaud Bouchet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maire
- INSA Lyon, CNRS UMR 5510, MATEIS, Univ. Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carter R, Love CT. Modulation of Lithium Plating in Li-Ion Batteries with External Thermal Gradient. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26328-26334. [PMID: 29999310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion battery safety is often threatened by undesirable lithium metal electrodeposition or dendrite growth, during charging. The unpredictable and complex onset of widely ranging lithium morphologies limits reproducibility, making prevention and detection strategies difficult to assess. This work blends the fundamentals of classical metallurgical dendrite growth with traditional Li-ion battery charging, to prove the ability to modulate lithium metal deposition through an applied interelectrode thermal gradient. With NMC (nickel-manganese-cobalt) cathode warmed to 40 °C and graphite anode cooled to 0 °C, irreversible lithium plating is observed within 10 cycles, and complete cell deactivation within 20 cycles. The stages of failure over these first 20 cycles are assessed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work provides a technique for accelerated aging and the reliable study of lithium deposition in Li-ion batteries.
Collapse
|