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Li Z, Han Y, Zhang J, Mager D, Deng Y, Korvink JG. Adhesion Reduction at Solid/Liquid Interfaces Based on Topologically Optimized Microtextures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:21120-21127. [PMID: 39312752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Artificial microtextures adopted to achieve adhesion reduction help avoid the vulnerability associated with chemical coatings. Most current microtextures strongly rely on biological inspiration or designers' physical intuition. There are also manufacturing challenges due to the complex geometrical configurations. Topology optimization can determine the structural configurations encompassing geometric information on topology, shape, and size and ensure the manufacturability of the optimized microtextures by controlling the feature size corresponding to a specified fabrication process. Herein, we present an approach to reduce the liquid adhesion on solid surfaces by employing artificial microtextures with hexagonal periodicity, where the microtextures are inversely designed through topology optimization. The microtextures are fabricated of polydimethylsiloxane by using a soft lithography process. The liquid adhesion on the microtextures is measured via the tilting plate method. Experimental results demonstrate that the topologically optimized microtextures can significantly reduce the liquid adhesion by 45.0%, which is achieved by the robust Cassie-Baxter state of the wetting behavior. The topologically optimized microtextures can also support the robust Cassie-Baxter state underwater and accelerate the speed when the droplets slide off the surface with them. The findings can be utilized in the context of the reduction of underwater drag and bioadhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yeming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtzplatz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Yongbo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics (CIOMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtzplatz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtzplatz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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2
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Sun P, Jin Y, Yin Y, Wu C, Song C, Feng Y, Zhou P, Qin X, Niu Y, Liu Q, Zhang J, Wang Z, Hao X. Achieving Extreme Pressure Resistance to Liquids on a Super-Omniphobic Surface with Armored Reentrants. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2201602. [PMID: 36919581 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Static repellency and pressure resistance to liquids are essential for high-performance super-omniphobic surfaces. However, these two merits appear mutually exclusive in conventional designs because of their conflicting structural demands: Static liquid repellency necessitates minimal solid-liquid contact, which in turn inevitably undercuts the surface's ability to resist liquid invasion exerted by the elevated pressure. Here, inspired by the Springtail, these two merits can be simultaneously realized by structuring surfaces at two size scales, with a micrometric reentrant structure providing static liquid repellency and a nanometric reentrant structure providing pressure resistance, which dexterously avoids the dilemma of their structural conflicts. The nanometric reentrants are densely packed on the micrometric ones, serving as "armor" that prevents liquids invasion by generating multilevel energy barriers, thus naming the surface as the armored reentrants (AR) surface. The AR surface could repel liquids with very low surface tensions, such as silicone oil (21 mN m-1), and simultaneously resist great pressure from the liquids, exemplified by enduring the impact of low-surface-tension liquids under a high weber number (>400), the highest-pressure resistance ever reported. With its scalable fabrication and enhanced performance, our design could extend the application scope of liquid-repellent surfaces toward ultimate industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhui Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peiyang Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhi Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Niu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Qiankai Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, P. R. China
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Zhong X, Xie S, Guo Z. The Challenge of Superhydrophobicity: Environmentally Facilitated Cassie-Wenzel Transitions and Structural Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305961. [PMID: 38145324 PMCID: PMC10933658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials can be used in various fields to optimize production and life due to their unique surface wetting properties. However, under certain pressure and perturbation conditions, the droplets deposited on superhydrophobic materials are prone to change from Cassie state to Wenzel state, which limits the practical applications of the materials. In recent years, a large number of works have investigated the transition behavior, transition mechanism, and influencing factors of the wetting transition that occurs when a superhydrophobic surface is under a series of external environments. Based on these works, in this paper, the phenomenon and kinetic behavior of the destruction of the Cassie state and the mechanism of the wetting transition are systematically summarized under external conditions that promote the wetting transition on the material surface, including pressure, impact, evaporation, vibration, and electric wetting. In addition, superhydrophobic surface morphology has been shown to directly affect the duration of the Cassie state. Based on the published work the effects of specific morphology on the Cassie state, including structural size, structural shape, and structural level, are summarized in this paper from theoretical analyses and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Shangzhen Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional MaterialsHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
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Singh NS, Jitniyom T, Navarro-Cía M, Gao N. Droplet impact on doubly re-entrant structures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2700. [PMID: 38302584 PMCID: PMC10834531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Doubly re-entrant pillars have been demonstrated to possess superior static and dynamic liquid repellency against highly wettable liquids compared to straight or re-entrant pillars. Nevertheless, there has been little insight into how the key structural parameters of doubly re-entrant pillars influence the hydrodynamics of impacting droplets. In this work, we carried out numerical simulations and experimental studies to portray the fundamental physical phenomena that can explain the alteration of the surface wettability from adjusting the design parameters of the doubly re-entrant pillars. On the one hand, three-dimensional multiphase flow simulations of droplet impact were conducted to probe the predominance of the overhang structure in dynamic liquid repellency. On the other hand, the numerical results of droplet impact behaviours are agreed by the experimental results for different pitch sizes and contact angles. Furthermore, the dimensions of the doubly re-entrant pillars, including the height, diameter, overhang length and overhang thickness, were altered to establish their effect on droplet repellency. These findings present the opportunity for manipulations of droplet behaviours by means of improving the critical dimensional parameters of doubly re-entrant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanaphun Jitniyom
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Miguel Navarro-Cía
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nan Gao
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Sharbatian A, Devkota K, Ashouri Vajari D, Stieglitz T. From Bioinspired Topographies toward Non-Wettable Neural Implants. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1846. [PMID: 37893283 PMCID: PMC10609157 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates different design strategies to produce non-wettable micropatterned surfaces. In addition to the classical method of measuring the contact angle, the non-wettability is also discussed by means of the immersion test. Inspired by non-wettable structures found in nature, the effects of features such as reentrant cavities, micropillars, and overhanging layers are studied. We show that a densely populated array of small diameter cavities exhibits superior non-wettability, with 65% of the cavities remaining intact after 24 h of full immersion in water. In addition, it is suggested that the wetting transition time is influenced by the length of the overhanging layer as well as by the number of columns within the cavity. Our findings indicate a non-wetting performance that is three times longer than previously reported in the literature for a small, densely populated design with cavities as small as 10 μm in diameter. Such properties are particularly beneficial for neural implants as they may reduce the interface between the body fluid and the solid state, thereby minimiing the inflammatory response following implantation injury. In order to assess the effectiveness of this approach in reducing the immune response induced by neural implants, further in vitro and in vivo studies will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sharbatian
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.S.); (T.S.)
- BrainLinks BrainTools, Institute for Machine-Brain Interfacing Technology (IMBIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kalyani Devkota
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.S.); (T.S.)
- BrainLinks BrainTools, Institute for Machine-Brain Interfacing Technology (IMBIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danesh Ashouri Vajari
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.S.); (T.S.)
- BrainLinks BrainTools, Institute for Machine-Brain Interfacing Technology (IMBIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stieglitz
- Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (A.S.); (T.S.)
- BrainLinks BrainTools, Institute for Machine-Brain Interfacing Technology (IMBIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Lv C, Liao X, Zou F, Tang W, Yang Y, Xing S, Li G. Green and effective fabrication of porous surfaces with adjustable cell structure by foaming at incomplete healed polymer-polymer interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:743-751. [PMID: 37172484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Porous surfaces of materials have shown huge potentialities for endowing materials with multifarious functions. Despite introducing gas-confined-barriers in supercritical CO2 foaming technology is effective to weaken the gas escape effect and facilitate the preparation of porous surfaces, the differences in intrinsic properties between barriers and polymers result in bottlenecks like cell structure adjustment limitation and incompletely eliminated solid skin layers. This study undertakes a preparation approach for porous surfaces by foaming at incompletely healed polystyrene/polystyrene interfaces. In contrast with employing gas-confined-barriers reported before, the porous surfaces foamed at incompletely healed polymer/polymer interfaces show a monolayer, full-open cell morphology, and wide adjustable range in cell structures including cell size (120 nm∼15.68 μm), cell density (3.40 × 105 cells/cm2∼3.47 × 109 cells/cm2), and surface roughness (0.50 μm∼7.22 μm). Furthermore, the wettability of obtained porous surfaces depending on the cell structures is systematically discussed. Finally, a super-hydrophobic surface with hierarchical micro-nanoscale roughness, low water adhesion, and high water-impact resistance is built by depositing nanoparticles on a porous surface. Consequently, this study offers a clean and simple method to prepare porous surfaces with adjustable cell structures, which is expected to open a door to developing a new fabrication technique for micro/nano-porous surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fangfang Zou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanyu Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaguang Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaowei Xing
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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Seo D, Cho YH, Kim G, Shin H, Lee SK, Kim JE, Chun H, Jung JS, Choi Y. Permanent Anticoagulation Blood-Vessel by Mezzo-Sized Double Re-Entrant Structure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300564. [PMID: 37010002 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Having a permanent omniphobicity on the inner surface of the tube can bring enormous advantages, such as reducing resistance and avoiding precipitation during mass transfer. For example, such a tube can prevent blood clotting when delivering blood composed of complex hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. However, it is very challenging to fabricate micro and nanostructures inside a tube. To overcome these, a wearability and deformation-free structural omniphobic surface is fabricated. The omniphobic surface can repel liquids by its "air-spring" under the structure, regardless of surface tension. Furthermore, it is not lost an omniphobicity under physical deformation like curved or twisted. By using these properties, omniphobic structures on the inner wall of the tube by the "roll-up" method are fabricated. Fabricated omniphobic tubes still repels liquids, even complex liquids like blood. According to the ex vivo blood tests for medical usage, the tube can reduce thrombus formation by 99%, like the heparin-coated tube. So, it is believed the tube can be soon replaced typical coating-based medical surfaces or anticoagulation blood vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkwon Seo
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunku Shin
- Exopert Corporation, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Korea Artificial Organ Center, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Honggu Chun
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Exopert Corporation, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhang Z, Pei G, Zhao K, Pang P, Gao W, Ye T, Ma B, Luo J, Deng J. Fresnel Diffraction Strategy Enables the Fabrication of Flexible Superomniphobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14508-14516. [PMID: 36377419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Doubly re-entrant surfaces inspired by springtails exhibit excellent repellency to low-surface-tension liquid. However, the flexible doubly re-entrant surfaces are difficult to fabricate, especially for the overhang of the structure. Herein, we demonstrate a simple Fresnel aperture diffraction modulation strategy in microscale lithography coupled with a molding process to obtain the flexible doubly re-entrant superomniphobic surfaces with nanoscale overhangs. The negative nanoscale overhang features were formed in a single-layer photoresist due to the fine-modulation of the optical intensity fluctuation of the Fresnel aperture diffraction. The as-prepared flexible non-fluorinated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doubly re-entrant microstructure based on the Fresnel aperture diffraction (D-BF) surface (without any additional treatments) could repel ethanol droplets (21.8 mN m-1) in the Cassie-Baxter state. The robust nanoscale overhangs obtained by the molding process enable the maximum breakthrough pressure for the low-surface-tension ethanol droplets on the D-BF surfaces up to about 230 Pa, allowing ethanol liquids with Weber numbers up to 8.7 to fully bounce off. The fabricated non-fluorinated D-BF superomniphobic surface maintains outstanding liquid repellency after the surface wettability modification and deformation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Guangyao Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Peng Pang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Binghe Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Jinjun Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
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9
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Zhang Z, Ma B, Ye T, Gao W, Pei G, Luo J, Deng J, Yuan W. One-Step Fabrication of Flexible Bioinspired Superomniphobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39665-39672. [PMID: 35983670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible superomniphobic doubly re-entrant (Dual-T) microstructures inspired by springtails have attracted growing attention due to their excellent liquid-repellent properties. However, the simple and practical manufacturing processes of the flexible Dual-T microstructures are urgently needed. Here, we proposed a one-step molding process coupled with the lithography technique to fabricate the elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Dual-T microstructure surfaces with high uniformity. The angle between the downward overhang and the horizontal direction could reach 90° (vertical overhang). The flexible superomniphobic Dual-T microstructure surfaces, without fluorination treatment and physical treatments, could repel liquids with a surface tension lower than 20 mN m-1 in the Cassie-Baxter state. Owing to the excellent robustness of the one-step molding downward overhanging, the max breakthrough pressure of this surface could reach up to 164.3 Pa for ethanol droplets. Furthermore, the flexible superomniphobic Dual-T surface allowed impinging ethanol droplets to completely rebound at the Weber number up to 7.1 with an impact velocity of ∼0.32 m s-1. The Dual-T microstructure surface maintained excellent superomniphobicity even after surface oxygen plasma treatment and exhibited excellent structural robustness and recoverability to various large mechanical deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Binghe Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guangyao Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jinjun Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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10
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Kim KY, Srivastava RP, Khang DY. Oleophilic to oleophobic wettability switching of isoporous through-hole membranes by surface structure control for low-voltage electrowetting-based oil-water separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Wilke KL, Lu Z, Song Y, Wang EN. Turning traditionally nonwetting surfaces wetting for even ultra-high surface energy liquids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109052119. [PMID: 35064079 PMCID: PMC8794827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109052119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a surface-engineering approach that turns all liquids highly wetting, including ultra-high surface tension fluids such as mercury. Previously, highly wetting behavior was only possible for intrinsically wetting liquid/material combinations through surface roughening to enable the so-called Wenzel and hemiwicking states, in which liquid fills the surface structures and causes a droplet to exhibit a low contact angle when contacting the surface. Here, we show that roughness made of reentrant structures allows for a metastable hemiwicking state even for nonwetting liquids. Our surface energy model reveals that with liquid filled in the structure, the reentrant feature creates a local energy barrier, which prevents liquid depletion from surface structures regardless of the intrinsic wettability. We experimentally demonstrated this concept with microfabricated reentrant channels. Notably, we show an apparent contact angle as low as 35° for mercury on structured silicon surfaces with fluorinated coatings, on which the intrinsic contact angle of mercury is 143°, turning a highly nonwetting liquid/material combination highly wetting through surface engineering. Our work enables highly wetting behavior for previously inaccessible material/liquid combinations and thus expands the design space for various thermofluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Wilke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Youngsup Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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12
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Douglas L, Rivera-Gonzalez N, Cool N, Bajpayee A, Udayakantha M, Liu GW, Anita, Banerjee S. A Materials Science Perspective of Midstream Challenges in the Utilization of Heavy Crude Oil. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1547-1574. [PMID: 35071852 PMCID: PMC8772305 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
An increasing global population and a sharply upward trajectory of per capita energy consumption continue to drive the demand for fossil fuels, which remain integral to energy grids and the global transportation infrastructure. The oil and gas industry is increasingly reliant on unconventional deposits such as heavy crude oil and bitumen for reasons of accessibility, scale, and geopolitics. Unconventional deposits such as the Canadian Oil Sands in Northern Alberta contain more than one-third of the world's viscous oil reserves and are vital linchpins to meet the energy needs of rapidly industrializing populations. Heavy oil is typically recovered from subsurface deposits using thermal recovery approaches such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). In this perspective article, we discuss several aspects of materials science challenges in the utilization of heavy crude oil with an emphasis on the needs of the Canadian Oil Sands. In particular, we discuss surface modification and materials' design approaches essential to operations under extreme environments of high temperatures and pressures and the presence of corrosive species. The demanding conditions for materials and surfaces are directly traceable to the high viscosity, low surface tension, and substantial sulfur content of heavy crude oil, which necessitates extensive energy-intensive thermal processes, warrants dilution/emulsification to ease the flow of rheologically challenging fluids, and engenders the need to protect corrodible components. Geopolitical reasons have further led to a considerable geographic separation between extraction sites and advanced refineries capable of processing heavy oils to a diverse slate of products, thus necessitating a massive midstream infrastructure for transportation of these rheologically challenging fluids. Innovations in fluid handling, bitumen processing, and midstream transportation are critical to the economic viability of heavy oil. Here, we discuss foundational principles, recent technological advancements, and unmet needs emphasizing candidate solutions for thermal insulation, membrane-assisted separations, corrosion protection, and midstream bitumen transportation. This perspective seeks to highlight illustrative materials' technology developments spanning the range from nanocomposite coatings and cement sheaths for thermal insulation to the utilization of orthogonal wettability to engender separation of water-oil emulsions stabilized by endogenous surfactants extracted during SAGD, size-exclusion membranes for fractionation of bitumen, omniphobic coatings for drag reduction in pipelines and to ease oil handling in containers, solid prills obtained from partial bitumen solidification to enable solid-state transport with reduced risk of damage from spills, and nanocomposite coatings incorporating multiple modes of corrosion inhibition. Future outlooks for onsite partial upgradation are also described, which could potentially bypass the use of refineries for some fractions, enable access to a broader cross-section of refineries, and enable a new distributed chemical manufacturing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey
D. Douglas
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Natalia Rivera-Gonzalez
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Nicholas Cool
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Aayushi Bajpayee
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Malsha Udayakantha
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Guan-Wen Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Anita
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Sarbajit Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
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13
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Li W, Tang X, Han X, Li J, Chu Y, Wang L. Super-alcohol-repellent coatings. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:146-154. [PMID: 35033761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Although a lot of fluorinated coatings exhibit super-repellency to oils with low surface tensions, most of them are readily wetted by alcohols with high surface tensions, wherein the un-crosslinked fluorinated silane is expected to result in the failure of alcohol-repellency. Hence, the coating could be super-repellent to alcohols if the fluorinated silane is fully crosslinked by annealing. EXPERIMENTS We fabricate the super-alcohol-repellent coating via covering sintered hollow silica nanospheres with perfluoroalkyl silane, followed by a simple two-step annealing. The surface chemistry of the coating is further examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. FINDINGS The super-alcohol-repellent coating is remarkably super-repellent to diverse alcohols of surface tension from 20.9 to 64.8 mN m-1 and thus enables loss-free manipulation of alcohol droplets for amino acid detection. More importantly, we reveal that the annealing procedure could promote the condensation of silanol groups, showing the key role played by heat-mediated crosslinking of perfluoroalkyl silane in preparing alcohol-repellent coatings. Such annealing strategy is also proved to be effective for other fluorinated coatings to achieve super alcohol-repellency. Together with its super-repellency to virtually all liquids, the coating enables loss-free processing of diverse liquids, thus being of significant value for biological, chemical and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xing Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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14
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Dayan CB, Chun S, Krishna‐Subbaiah N, Drotlef D, Akolpoglu MB, Sitti M. 3D Printing of Elastomeric Bioinspired Complex Adhesive Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103826. [PMID: 34396591 PMCID: PMC11468481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired elastomeric structural adhesives can provide reversible and controllable adhesion on dry/wet and synthetic/biological surfaces for a broad range of commercial applications. Shape complexity and performance of the existing structural adhesives are limited by the used specific fabrication technique, such as molding. To overcome these limitations by proposing complex 3D microstructured adhesive designs, a 3D elastomeric microstructure fabrication approach is implemented using two-photon-polymerization-based 3D printing. A custom aliphatic urethane-acrylate-based elastomer is used as the 3D printing material. Two designs are demonstrated with two combined biological inspirations to show the advanced capabilities enabled by the proposed fabrication approach and custom elastomer. The first design focuses on springtail- and gecko-inspired hybrid microfiber adhesive, which has the multifunctionalities of side-surface liquid super-repellency, top-surface liquid super-repellency, and strong reversible adhesion features in a single fiber array. The second design primarily centers on octopus- and gecko-inspired hybrid adhesive, which exhibits the benefits of both octopus- and gecko-inspired microstructured adhesives for strong reversible adhesion on both wet and dry surfaces, such as skin. This fabrication approach could be used to produce many other 3D complex elastomeric structural adhesives for future real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Balda Dayan
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Sungwoo Chun
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
- Department of Electronics and Information EngineeringKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Nagaraj Krishna‐Subbaiah
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Dirk‐Michael Drotlef
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Mukrime Birgul Akolpoglu
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems70569StuttgartGermany
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of EngineeringKoç UniversityIstanbul34450Turkey
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15
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Gallo A, Tavares F, Das R, Mishra H. How particle-particle and liquid-particle interactions govern the fate of evaporating liquid marbles. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7628-7644. [PMID: 34318861 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid marbles refer to droplets that are covered with a layer of non-wetting particles. They are observed in nature and have practical significance. These squishy objects bounce, coalesce, break, inflate, and deflate while the liquid does not touch the substrate underneath. Despite the considerable cross-disciplinary interest and value of the research on liquid marbles, a unified framework for describing the mechanics of deflating liquid marbles-as the liquid evaporates-is unavailable. For instance, analytical approaches for modeling the evaporation of liquid marbles exploit empirical parameters that are not based on liquid-particle and particle-particle interactions. Here, we have combined complementary experiments and theory to fill this gap. To unentangle the contributions of particle size, roughness, friction, and chemical make-up, we investigated the evaporation of liquid marbles formed with particles of sizes varying over 7 nm-300 μm and chemical compositions ranging from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. We demonstrate that the potential final states of evaporating liquid marbles are characterized by one of the following: (I) constant surface area, (II) particle ejection, or (III) multilayering. Based on these insights, we developed an evaporation model for liquid marbles that takes into account their time-dependent shape evolution. The model fits are in excellent agreement with our experimental results. Furthermore, this model and the general framework can provide mechanistic insights into extant literature on the evaporation of liquid marbles. Altogether, these findings advance our fundamental understanding of liquid marbles and should contribute to the rational development of technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gallo
- Interfacial Lab (iLab), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Odokonyero K, Gallo A, Mishra H. Nature-inspired wax-coated jute bags for reducing post-harvest storage losses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15354. [PMID: 34321499 PMCID: PMC8319191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-harvest storage of grains is crucial for food and feed reserves and facilitating seeds for planting. Ironically, post-harvest losses continue to be a major food security threat in the developing world, especially where jute bags are utilized. While jute fabrics flaunt mechanical strength and eco-friendliness, their water-loving nature has proven to be their Achilles heel. Increased relative humidity and/or precipitation wets jute, thereby elevating the moisture content of stored seeds and causing fungal growth. This reduces seed longevity, viability, and nutritional value. To address this crucial weakness of jute bags, we followed a nature-inspired approach to modify their surface microtexture and chemical make-up via alkali and wax treatments, respectively. The resulting wax-coated jute bags (WCJBs) exhibited significant water-repellency to simulated rainfall and airborne moisture compared to control jute bags (CJBs). A 2 months-long seed storage experiment with wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains exposed to 55%, 75%, and 98% relative humidity environments revealed that the grains stored in the WCJBs exhibited 7.5-4% lesser (absolute) moisture content than those in the CJBs. Furthermore, WCJBs-stored grains exhibited a 35-12% enhancement in their germination efficacy over the controls. This nature-inspired engineering solution could contribute towards reducing post-harvest losses in the developing world, where jute bags are extensively utilized for grain storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Odokonyero
- Interfacial Lab, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adair Gallo
- Interfacial Lab, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- Interfacial Lab, Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Mehanna YA, Sadler E, Upton RL, Kempchinsky AG, Lu Y, Crick CR. The challenges, achievements and applications of submersible superhydrophobic materials. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6569-6612. [PMID: 33889879 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic materials have been widely reported throughout the scientific literature. Their properties originate from a highly rough morphology and inherently water repellent surface chemistry. Despite promising an array of functionalities, these materials have seen limited commercial development. This could be attributed to many factors, like material compatibility, low physical resilience, scaling-up complications, etc. In applications where persistent water contact is required, another limitation arises as a major concern, which is the stability of the air layer trapped at the surface when submerged or impacted by water. This review is aimed at examining the diverse array of research focused on monitoring/improving air layer stability, and highlighting the most successful approaches. The reported complexity of monitoring and enhancing air layer stability, in conjunction with the variety of approaches adopted, results in an assortment of suggested routes to achieving success. The review is addressing the challenge of finding a balance between maximising water repulsion and incorporating structures that protect air pockets from removal, along with challenges related to the variant approaches to testing air-layer stability across the research field, and the gap between the achieved progress and the required performance in real-life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Mehanna
- Materials Innovation Factory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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18
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Tadmor R. Open Problems in Wetting Phenomena: Pinning Retention Forces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:6357-6372. [PMID: 34008988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We review existing explanations for drop pinning and the origin of the force required to initiate the sliding of a drop on a solid surface (depinning). Theories that describe these phenomena include de Gennes', Marmur's, Furmidge's, the related Furmidge-Extrand's, and Tadmor's theory. These theories are all well cited but generally do not address each other, and usually papers that cite one of them ignore the others. Here, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these theories and their applicability to different experimental systems. Thus, we link different experimental systems to the theories that describe them best. We describe the force laws that can be deduced should these theories be united and the major open problems that remain. We describe a physical meaning that can be extracted from retention force measurements, specifically, the interfacial modulus that describes the tendency of a solid to conform to the liquid. This has implications for various wetting phenomena such as adhesion robustness, drug penetration into biological tissues, and solid robustness/resilience versus solid degradation over time as a result of its contact with a liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tadmor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont Texas 77710, United States
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19
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Yu M, Liu M, Zhang L, Li M, Hou Y, Wang D, Fu S. Liquid-repellent and self-repairing lubricant-grafted surfaces constructed by thiol-ene click chemistry using activated hollow silica as the lubricant reservoir. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 586:279-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Liquid-like polymer-based self-cleaning coating for effective prevention of liquid foods contaminations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 589:327-335. [PMID: 33476889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liquid food containers commonly suffer from inevitable contamination and even biofilm formation due to the adhesion of food residuals or saliva, which requires detergents to clean. Although previously reported superhydrophobic and omniphobic coatings can resist the adhesion of liquids, the requirements of specific nanostructures or infused lubricants limit their applications in food containers. Here, by grafting smooth glass containers with "liquid like" polydimethylsiloxane brushes, we developed a unique approach for preparing a slippery coating that could exhibit highly robust repellency to various liquid foods. The coating was highly transparent and did not induce a significant alteration of the smooth surface. The "liquid like" coating could effectively prevent the adhesion of various liquid foods and inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms, without the use of detergents for cleaning. Moreover, this coating could resist mechanical damage from friction, and displayed high biocompatibility with biological cells. The slipperiness, smoothness, robustness and biocompatibility of the "liquid like" coating was highly beneficial to practical applications as self-cleaning glass container, which has been challenging to achieve by conventional superhydrophobic or omniphobic coatings. Our study introduced a versatile strategy to functionalize biocompatible surfaces for food containers which reduced the contamination of residues and the use of detergents, and may be beneficial to human and environmental health.
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21
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Haghanifar S, Galante AJ, Leu PW. Challenges and Prospects of Bio-Inspired and Multifunctional Transparent Substrates and Barrier Layers for Optoelectronics. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16241-16265. [PMID: 33232118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-inspiration and advances in micro/nanomanufacturing processes have enabled the design and fabrication of micro/nanostructures on optoelectronic substrates and barrier layers to create a variety of functionalities. In this review article, we summarize research progress in multifunctional transparent substrates and barrier layers while discussing future challenges and prospects. We discuss different optoelectronic device configurations, sources of bio-inspiration, photon management properties, wetting properties, multifunctionality, functionality durability, and device durability, as well as choice of materials for optoelectronic substrates and barrier layers. These engineered surfaces may be used for various optoelectronic devices such as touch panels, solar modules, displays, and mobile devices in traditional rigid forms as well as emerging flexible versions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Haghanifar
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Anthony J Galante
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Paul W Leu
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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22
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Min S, Li S, Zhu Z, Li W, Tang X, Liang C, Wang L, Cheng X, Li WD. Gradient wettability induced by deterministically patterned nanostructures. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:106. [PMID: 34567715 PMCID: PMC8433471 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a large-scale surface with continuously varying wettability induced by ordered gradient nanostructures. The gradient pattern is generated from nonuniform interference lithography by utilizing the Gaussian-shaped intensity distribution of two coherent laser beams. We also develop a facile fabrication method to directly transfer a photoresist pattern into an ultraviolet (UV)-cured high-strength replication molding material, which eliminates the need for high-cost reactive ion etching and e-beam evaporation during the mold fabrication process. This facile mold is then used for the reproducible production of surfaces with gradient wettability using thermal-nanoimprint lithography (NIL). In addition, the wetting behavior of water droplets on the surface with the gradient nanostructures and therefore gradient wettability is investigated. A hybrid wetting model is proposed and theoretically captures the contact angle measurement results, shedding light on the wetting behavior of a liquid on structures patterned at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518052 China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Zhouyang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Chuwei Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, 311305 Zhejiang China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518052 China
| | - Wen-Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
- HKU-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, 311305 Zhejiang China
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23
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Seo D, Chen SY, Lee DW, Schrader AM, Ahn K, Page S, Koenig PH, Gizaw Y, Israelachvili JN. The shape and dynamics of deformations of viscoelastic fluids by water droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:776-784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nauruzbayeva J, Sun Z, Gallo A, Ibrahim M, Santamarina JC, Mishra H. Electrification at water-hydrophobe interfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5285. [PMID: 33082321 PMCID: PMC7576844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms leading to the electrification of water when it comes in contact with hydrophobic surfaces remains a research frontier in chemical science. A clear understanding of these mechanisms could, for instance, aid the rational design of triboelectric generators and micro- and nano-fluidic devices. Here, we investigate the origins of the excess positive charges incurred on water droplets that are dispensed from capillaries made of polypropylene, perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane-coated glass, and polytetrafluoroethylene. Results demonstrate that the magnitude and sign of electrical charges vary depending on: the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the capillary; the presence/absence of a water reservoir inside the capillary; the chemical and physical properties of aqueous solutions such as pH, ionic strength, dielectric constant and dissolved CO2 content; and environmental conditions such as relative humidity. Based on these results, we deduce that common hydrophobic materials possess surface-bound negative charge. Thus, when these surfaces are submerged in water, hydrated cations form an electrical double layer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the primary role of hydrophobicity is to facilitate water-substrate separation without leaving a significant amount of liquid behind. These results advance the fundamental understanding of water-hydrophobe interfaces and should translate into superior materials and technologies for energy transduction, electrowetting, and separation processes, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilya Nauruzbayeva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center (ANPERC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adair Gallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Carlos Santamarina
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ali I. Al-Naimi Petroleum Engineering Research Center (ANPERC), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955 - 6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Liu X, Gu H, Ding H, Du X, Wei M, Chen Q, Gu Z. 3D Bioinspired Microstructures for Switchable Repellency in both Air and Liquid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000878. [PMID: 33101848 PMCID: PMC7578892 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In addition to superhydrophobicity/superoleophobicity, surfaces with switchable water/oil repellency have also aroused considerable attention because of their potential values in microreactors, sensors, and microfluidics. Nevertheless, almost all those as-prepared surfaces are only applicable for liquids with higher surface tension (γ > 25.0 mN m-1) in air. In this work, inspired by some natural models, such as lotus leaf, springtail skin, and filefish skin, switchable repellency for liquids (γ = 12.0-72.8 mN m-1) in both air and liquid is realized via employing 3D deformable multiply re-entrant microstructures. Herein, the microstructures are fabricated by a two-photon polymerization based 3D printing technique and the reversible deformation is elaborately tuned by evaporation-induced bending and immersion-induced fast recovery (within 30 s). Based on 3D controlled microstructural architectures, this work offers an insightful explanation of repellency/penetration behavior at any three-phase interface and starts some novel ideas for manipulating opposite repellency by designing/fabricating stimuli-responsive microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Hongcheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Haibo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Mengxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
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Chen YH, Chen G, Lee DJ. Synthesis of low surface energy thin film of polyepichlorohydrin-triazole-ols. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:452-463. [PMID: 32388291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The dispersive and polar components of surface energy are influenced by the effective molecular size and the intra-molecular configurations of the polar groups, respectively. The surface energy was hypothesized that the surface energy of a polyepichlorohydrin (PECH)-triazole polymer can be reduced by adding an end hydroxyl group (a polar group) which can interact with the nitrogen on the triazole group to reduce the net dipole of the molecule and to reduce the increase in dispersive surface energy by the addition of alkyl chain (dispersive group). EXPERIMENTS The chlorine atom on PECH rubber was firstly substituted by an azide group, which was then converted to triazole groups linked with alkyl-ol that contained 1-4 carbon atoms. The polymers thus-produced were then spin-coated onto a silicon wafer to form a thin film characterized by static contact angles (30 s contact) and dynamic contact angles for drops of water and diiodomethane. FINDINGS The newly synthesized materials have sufficient thin film-formation capacity. Dual interactions that involve interactions between alkyl-ol hydroxyl group and amine nitrogen and the interaction between ether oxygen and imine nitrogen cause the dispersive surface energy to decrease as the alkyl chain length increases. Consequently, a very low polar surface energy of 0.14 mJ/m2 was obtained for PECH-triazole-propyl-ol, a material without any halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China; College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Pillai S, Santana A, Das R, Shrestha BR, Manalastas E, Mishra H. A molecular to macro level assessment of direct contact membrane distillation for separating organics from water. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Superomniphobic surfaces, which repel droplets of polar and apolar liquids, are used for reducing frictional drag, packaging electronics and foods, and separation processes, among other applications. These surfaces exploit perfluorocarbons that are expensive, vulnurable to physical damage, and have a long persistence in the environment. Thus, new approaches for achieving superomniphobicity from common materials are desirable. In this context, microtextures comprising “mushroom-shaped” doubly reentrant pillars (DRPs) have been shown to repel drops of polar and apolar liquids in air irrespective of the surface make-up. However, it was recently demonstrated that DRPs get instantaneously infiltrated by the same liquids on submersion because while they can robustly prevent liquid imbibition from the top, they are vulnerable to lateral imbibition. Here, we remedy this weakness through bio-inspiration derived from cuticles of Dicyrtomina ornata, soil-dwelling bugs, that contain cuboidal secondary granules with mushroom-shaped caps on each face. Towards a proof-of-concept demonstration, we created a perimeter of biomimicking pillars around arrays of DRPs using a two-photon polymerization technique; another variation of this design with a short wall passing below the side caps was investigated. The resulting gas-entrapping microtextured surfaces (GEMS) robustly entrap air on submersion in wetting liquids, while also exhibiting superomniphobicity in air. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever microtexture that confers upon intrinsically wetting materials the ability to simultaneously exhibit superomniphobicity in air and robust entrapment of air on submersion. These findings should advance the rational design of coating-free surfaces that exhibit ultra-repellence (or superomniphobicity) towards liquids.
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Wang Z, Pereira JM, Gan Y. Effect of Wetting Transition during Multiphase Displacement in Porous Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2449-2458. [PMID: 32070092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of wettability on multiphase displacement in porous media have been studied extensively in the past, and the contact angle is identified as an important factor influencing the displacement patterns. At the same time, it has been found that the effective contact angle can vary drastically in a time-dependent manner on rough surfaces due to the Cassie-Wenzel wetting transition. In this study, we develop a theoretical model at the pore scale describing the apparent contact angle on a rough interface as a function of time. The theory is then incorporated into the lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of multiphase displacement in disordered porous media. A dimensionless time ratio, Dy, describing the relative speed of the wetting transition and pore invasion is defined. We show that the displacement patterns can be significantly influenced by Dy, where more trapped defending ganglia are observed at large Dy values, leading to lower displacement efficiency. We investigate the mobilization of trapped ganglia through identifying different mobilization dynamics during displacement, including translation, coalescence, and fragmentation. Agreement is observed between the mobilization statistics and the total pressure gradient across a wide range of Dy values. Understanding the effect of the wetting transition during multiphase displacement in porous media is of importance for applications such as carbon geosequestration and oil recovery, especially for porous media where solid surface roughness cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales , Australia
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, 77420, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Jean-Michel Pereira
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, 77420, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Yixiang Gan
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, New South Wales , Australia
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Gonzalez-Avila SR, Nguyen DM, Arunachalam S, Domingues EM, Mishra H, Ohl CD. Mitigating cavitation erosion using biomimetic gas-entrapping microtextured surfaces (GEMS). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax6192. [PMID: 32258392 PMCID: PMC7101208 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation refers to the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles near solid boundaries in high-speed flows, such as ship propellers and pumps. During this process, cavitation bubbles focus fluid energy on the solid surface by forming high-speed jets, leading to damage and downtime of machinery. In response, numerous surface treatments to counteract this effect have been explored, including perfluorinated coatings and surface hardening, but they all succumb to cavitation erosion eventually. Here, we report on biomimetic gas-entrapping microtextured surfaces (GEMS) that robustly entrap air when immersed in water regardless of the wetting nature of the substrate. Crucially, the entrapment of air inside the cavities repels cavitation bubbles away from the surface, thereby preventing cavitation damage. We provide mechanistic insights by treating the system as a potential flow problem of a multi-bubble system. Our findings present a possible avenue for mitigating cavitation erosion through the application of inexpensive and environmentally friendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dang Minh Nguyen
- Department for Soft Matter, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guerick University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankara Arunachalam
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eddy M. Domingues
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Department for Soft Matter, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guerick University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Microfabrication of re-entrant surface with hydrophobicity/oleophobicity for liquid foods. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2250. [PMID: 32042014 PMCID: PMC7010658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Re-entrant texturing may potentially improve the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of a surface. The food industry requires a microfabrication method to keep surfaces clean without leaving a packaging residue for applications such as food bottles, food containers, and preservation bags. The goal of this study is thus to establish a microfabrication method for re-entrant texturing with spherical curvature to produce hydrophobic/oleophobic surfaces for liquid foods, such as soy sauce and canola oil. Samples with a spherical curvature are created from an ultra-violet-cure (UV-cure) resin and poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) microbeads with diameters between 2.26 to 1,353 microns by spin coating on a glass substrate. The resin thickness, the mass and diameter of the microbeads, and the spin coater rotation speed are used as the microfabrication parameters. A side view of samples showing the spherical curvature reveals that a re-entrant texture indeed forms. Distilled water, soy sauce, and canola oil are dropped softly onto the re-entrant surface, however, the droplets cannot be placed stably. For appropriate microbead diameters, the apparent contact angles of soy sauce and canola oil showed 130.2 and 119.4 degrees, respectively. This facile fabrication method for re-entrant surfaces could prove useful for generating hydrophobic/oleophobic surfaces for Newtonian liquid foods.
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Das R, Arunachalam S, Ahmad Z, Manalastas E, Mishra H. Bio-inspired gas-entrapping membranes (GEMs) derived from common water-wet materials for green desalination. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee J, Jiang Y, Hizal F, Ban GH, Jun S, Choi CH. Durable omniphobicity of oil-impregnated anodic aluminum oxide nanostructured surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 553:734-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Liu X, Gu H, Ding H, Du X, He Z, Sun L, Liao J, Xiao P, Gu Z. Programmable Liquid Adhesion on Bio-Inspired Re-Entrant Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902360. [PMID: 31305010 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces combining antispreading and high adhesion can find wide applications in the manipulation of liquid droplets, generation of micropatterns and liquid enrichment. To fabricate such surfaces, almost all the traditional methods demand multi-step processes and chemical modification. And even so, most of them cannot be applied for some liquids with extremely low surface energy. In the past decade, multiply re-entrant structures have aroused much attention because of their universal and modification-independent antiadhesion or antipenetration ability. Unfortunately, theories and applications about their liquid adhesion behavior are still rare. In this work, inspired by the springtail skin and gecko feet in the adhered state, it is demonstrated that programmable liquid adhesion is realized on the 3D-printed micro doubly re-entrant arrays. By arranging the arrays reasonably, three different Cassie adhesion behaviors can be obtained: I) no residue adhesion, II) tunable adhesion, and III) absolute adhesion. Furthermore, various arrays are designed to tune macro/micro liquid droplet manipulation, which can find applications in the transportation of liquid droplets, liquid enrichment, generation of tiny droplets, and micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hongcheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhenzhu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liangdong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Junlong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Pengfeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Deka BJ, Lee EJ, Guo J, Kharraz J, An AK. Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes Incorporating PDMS-Aerogel Superhydrophobic Coating with Enhanced Flux and Improved Antiwettability in Membrane Distillation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4948-4958. [PMID: 30978006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) have garnered increasing interest due to their controllable nanofiber structure and high void volume fraction properties in membrane distillation (MD). However, MD technology still faces limitations mainly due to low permeate flux and membrane wetting for feeds containing low surface tension compounds. Perfluorinated superhydrophobic membranes could be an alternative, but it has negative environmental impacts. Therefore, other low surface energy materials such as silica aerogel and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have great relevancy in ENMs fabrication. Herein, we have reported the high flux and nonwettability of ENMs fabricated by electrospraying aerogel/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) over electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) membrane (E-PH). Among various concentrations of aerogel, the 30% aerogel (E-M3-A30) dual layer membrane achieved highest superhydrophobicity (∼170° water contact angle), liquid entry pressure (LEP) of 129.5 ± 3.4 kPa, short water droplet bouncing performance (11.6 ms), low surface energy (4.18 ± 0.27 mN m-1) and high surface roughness ( Ra: 5.04 μm) with re-entrant structure. It also demonstrated nonwetting MD performance over a continuous 7 days operation of saline water (3.5% of NaCl), high antiwetting with harsh saline water containing 0.5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 28.9 mN m-1), synthetic algal organic matter (AOM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Deka
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Eui-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Daegu University , 201 Daegudae-ro , Jillyang, Gyeongsan-si , Gyeongbuk 38453 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Jehad Kharraz
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Alicia Kyoungjin An
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
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Seo D, Cha SK, Kim G, Shin H, Hong S, Cho YH, Chun H, Choi Y. Flexible and Stable Omniphobic Surfaces Based on Biomimetic Repulsive Air-Spring Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5877-5884. [PMID: 30648844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In artificial biological circulation systems such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, surface wettability is a critical factor in blood clotting problems. Therefore, to prevent blood from clotting, omniphobic surfaces are required to repel both hydrophilic and oleophilic liquids and reduce surface friction. However, most omniphobic surfaces have been fabricated by combining chemical reagent coating and physical structures and/or using rigid materials such as silicon and metal. It is almost impossible for chemicals to be used in the omniphobic surface for biomedical devices due to durability and toxicity. Moreover, a flexible and stable omniphobic surface is difficult to be fabricated by using conventional rigid materials. This study demonstrates a flexible and stable omniphobic surface by mimicking the re-entrant structure of springtail's skin. Our surface consists of a thin nanohole membrane on supporting microstructures. This structure traps air under the membrane, which can repel the liquid on the surface like a spring and increase the contact angle regardless of liquid type. By theoretical wetting model and simulation, we confirm that the omniphobic property is derived from air trapped in the structure. Also, our surface well maintains the omniphobicity under a highly pressurized condition. As a proof of our concept and one of the real-life applications, blood experiments are performed with our flat and curved surfaces and the results including contact angle, advancing/receding angles, and residuals show significant omniphobicity. We hope that our omniphobic surface has a significant impact on blood-contacting biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yang Hyun Cho
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul 06351 , Republic of Korea
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37
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Subramanian N, Qamar A, Alsaadi A, Gallo A, Ridwan MG, Lee JG, Pillai S, Arunachalam S, Anjum D, Sharipov F, Ghaffour N, Mishra H. Evaluating the potential of superhydrophobic nanoporous alumina membranes for direct contact membrane distillation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 533:723-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Arunachalam S, Das R, Nauruzbayeva J, Domingues EM, Mishra H. Assessing omniphobicity by immersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 534:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wilke KL, Preston DJ, Lu Z, Wang EN. Toward Condensation-Resistant Omniphobic Surfaces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11013-11021. [PMID: 30299928 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Omniphobic surfaces based on reentrant surface structures repel all liquids, regardless of the surface material, without requiring low-surface-energy coatings. Although omniphobic surfaces have been designed and demonstrated, they can fail during condensation, a phenomenon ubiquitous in both nature and industrial applications. Specifically, as condensate nucleates within the reentrant geometry, omniphobicity is destroyed. Here, we show a nanostructured surface that can repel liquids even during condensation. This surface consists of isolated reentrant cavities with a pitch on the order of 100 nm to prevent droplets from nucleating and spreading within all structures. We developed a model to guide surface design and subsequently fabricated and tested these surfaces with various liquids. We demonstrated repellency to 10 °C below the dew point and showed durability over 3 weeks. This work provides important insights for achieving robust, omniphobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Wilke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel J Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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40
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Domingues EM, Arunachalam S, Nauruzbayeva J, Mishra H. Biomimetic coating-free surfaces for long-term entrapment of air under wetting liquids. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3606. [PMID: 30190456 PMCID: PMC6127334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trapping air at the solid-liquid interface is a promising strategy for reducing frictional drag and desalting water, although it has thus far remained unachievable without perfluorinated coatings. Here, we report on biomimetic microtextures composed of doubly reentrant cavities (DRCs) and reentrant cavities (RCs) that can enable even intrinsically wetting materials to entrap air for long periods upon immersion in liquids. Using SiO2/Si wafers as the model system, we demonstrate that while the air entrapped in simple cylindrical cavities immersed in hexadecane is lost after 0.2 s, the air entrapped in the DRCs remained intact even after 27 days (~106 s). To understand the factors and mechanisms underlying this ten-million-fold enhancement, we compared the behaviors of DRCs, RCs and simple cavities of circular and non-circular shapes on immersion in liquids of low and high vapor pressures through high-speed imaging, confocal microscopy, and pressure cells. Those results might advance the development of coating-free liquid repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy M Domingues
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sankara Arunachalam
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamilya Nauruzbayeva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Himanshu Mishra
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Rezaei M, Warsinger DM, Lienhard V JH, Duke MC, Matsuura T, Samhaber WM. Wetting phenomena in membrane distillation: Mechanisms, reversal, and prevention. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:329-352. [PMID: 29660622 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a rapidly emerging water treatment technology; however, membrane pore wetting is a primary barrier to widespread industrial use of MD. The primary causes of membrane wetting are exceedance of liquid entry pressure and membrane fouling. Developments in membrane design and the use of pretreatment have provided significant advancement toward wetting prevention in membrane distillation, but further progress is needed. In this study, a broad review is carried out on wetting incidence in membrane distillation processes. Based on this perspective, the study describes the wetting mechanisms, wetting causes, and wetting detection methods, as well as hydrophobicity measurements of MD membranes. This review discusses current understanding and areas for future investigation on the influence of operating conditions, MD configuration, and membrane non-wettability characteristics on wetting phenomena. Additionally, the review highlights mathematical wetting models and several approaches to wetting control, such as membrane fabrication and modification, as well as techniques for membrane restoration in MD. The literature shows that inorganic scaling and organic fouling are the main causes of membrane wetting. The regeneration of wetting MD membranes is found to be challenging and the obtained results are usually not favorable. Several pretreatment processes are found to inhibit membrane wetting by removing the wetting agents from the feed solution. Various advanced membrane designs are considered to bring membrane surface non-wettability to the states of superhydrophobicity and superomniphobicity; however, these methods commonly demand complex fabrication processes or high-specialized equipment. Recharging air in the feed to maintain protective air layers on the membrane surface has proven to be very effective to prevent wetting, but such techniques are immature and in need of significant research on design, optimization, and pilot-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaei
- Institute of Process Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - David M Warsinger
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA; Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - John H Lienhard V
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307, USA
| | - Mikel C Duke
- Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Samhaber
- Institute of Process Engineering, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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42
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Tadmor R, Yadav SB, Gulec S, Leh A, Dang L, N'guessan HE, Das R, Turmine M, Tadmor M. Why Drops Bounce on Smooth Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4695-4700. [PMID: 29510056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that introducing gravity in the energy minimization of drops on surfaces results in different expressions when minimized with respect to volume or with respect to contact angle. This phenomenon correlates with the probability of drops to bounce on smooth surfaces on which they otherwise form a very small contact angle or wet them completely. Theoretically, none of the two minima is stable: the drop should oscillate from one minimum to the other as long as no other force or friction will dissipate the energy. Experimentally, smooth surfaces indeed show drops that bounce on them. In some cases, they bounce after touching the solid surface, and in some cases they bounce from a nanometric air, or vacuum film. The bouncing energy can be stored in the interfaces: liquid-air, liquid-solid, and solid-air. The lack of a single energy minimum prevents a simple convergence of the drop's shape on the solid surface, and supports its bouncing back to the air. Therefore, the lack of a simple minimum described here supports drop bouncing on hydrophilic surfaces such as that reported by Kolinski et al. Our calculation shows that the smaller the surface tension, the bigger the difference between the contact angles calculated based on the two minima. This agrees with experimental finding where reducing the surface tension, for example, by adding surfactants, increases the probability for bouncing of the drops on smooth surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Tadmor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Ben Gurion University , Beer Sheva 8410501 , Israel
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Sakshi B Yadav
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Semih Gulec
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Aisha Leh
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Lan Dang
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Hartmann E N'guessan
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Ratul Das
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
| | - Mireille Turmine
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS , Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Maria Tadmor
- Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering , Lamar University , Beaumont , Texas 77710 , United States
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43
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Jetly A, Vakarelski IU, Thoroddsen ST. Drag crisis moderation by thin air layers sustained on superhydrophobic spheres falling in water. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:1608-1613. [PMID: 29411833 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of thin air layers naturally sustained on superhydrophobic surfaces on the terminal velocity and drag force of metallic spheres free falling in water. The surface of 20 mm to 60 mm steel or tungsten-carbide spheres is rendered superhydrophobic by a simple coating process that uses a commercially available hydrophobic agent. By comparing the free fall of unmodified spheres and superhydrophobic spheres in a 2.5 meter tall water tank, it is demonstrated that even a very thin air layer (∼1-2 μm) that covers the freshly dipped superhydrophobic sphere can reduce the drag force on the spheres by up to 80%, at Reynolds numbers from 105 to 3 × 105, owing to an early drag crisis transition. This study complements prior investigations on the drag reduction efficiency of model gas layers sustained on heated metal spheres falling in liquid by the Leidenfrost effect. The drag reduction effects are expected to have significant implications for the development of sustainable air-layer-based energy saving technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Jetly
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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