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Khodarahmian K, Ghiasvand A, Barkhordari A. Exploring the optimal electropolymerization strategy for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction fibers using pyrrole-dopamine copolymers. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464562. [PMID: 38065025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In-situ electropolymerization of conductive polymers on the surface of stainless-steel substrates is a well-established but promising procedure for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) tools. Herein, different electrochemical methods including constant potential (CP), constant potential pulse (CPP), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were utilized to fabricate SPME fibers by in-situ electropolymerization of pyrrole-dopamine copolymers (PPY/PDA) on the surface of stainless-steel fibers. The coated fibers were characterized and applied for the direct-immersion SPME (DI-SPME) sampling of ultra-trace amounts of plant hormones including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA3), and indole acetic acid (IAA) in fruit juices, followed by HPLC-UV determination. The results showed that CV electropolymerization is significantly more efficient than the two other methods. The coatings created by the CV method were satisfactorily uniform, adhesive, and durable and exhibited higher extraction performance compared to the CP and CPP procedures. The important experimental variables of the proposed DI-SPME-HPLC method were evaluated and optimized using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design. The developed method showed wide-range linearities, spanning from 0.05 to 20μg mL-1 for GA3, and 0.02 to 20μg mL-1 for ABA and IAA. The limits of detection were obtained 0.01μg mL-1 for GA3, and 0.005μg mL-1 for ABA and IAA. The fiber was successfully employed for the simultaneous DI-SPME-HPLC analysis of plant hormones in fruit juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Khodarahmian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghiasvand
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Abdullah Barkhordari
- Environmental and Occupational Health Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Halima HB, Zwingelstein T, Humblot V, Lakard B, Viau L. Electropolymerization of Pyrrole-Tailed Imidazolium Ionic Liquid for the Elaboration of Antibacterial Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37421359 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
A strategy was developed to prepare antibacterial surfaces by electropolymerization of a pyrrole-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid bearing an halometallate anion. The objective was to combine the antibacterial efficiency of polypyrrole (PPy) with those of the ionic liquid's components (cation and anion). For this, N-(1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium)pyrrole bromide monomer [PyC8MIm]Br was synthesized and coordinated to ZnCl2 affording [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2. The antibacterial properties of [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 monomer were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. This monomer presents higher activity against S. aureus (MIC = 0.098 μmol·mL-1) than against E. coli (MIC = 2.10 μmol·mL-1). Mixtures of pyrrole and the pyrrole-functionalized ionic liquid [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 were then used for the electrodeposition of PPy films on Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. The concentration of pyrrole was fixed to 50 mM, while the concentration of [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 was varied from 5 to 100 mM. The efficient incorporation of the imidazolium cation and zinc halometallate anion into the films was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements confirmed the homogeneity of the different films with structures that depend on the [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 concentration. The films' thickness determined by profilometry varies only slightly with the [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 concentration from 7.4 μm at 5 mM to 8.9 μM at 100 mM. The films become more hydrophilic with an increase of [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 concentration with water contact angles varying from 47° at the lowest concentration to 32° at the highest concentration. The antibacterial activities of the different PPy films were determined both by the halo inhibition method and by the colony forming units (CFUs) counting method over time against Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli bacteria. Films obtained by incorporation of [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 showed excellent antibacterial properties, at least two times higher than those of neat PPy, validating our strategy. Furthermore, a comparison of the antibacterial properties of the films obtained using the same [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2 concentration (50 mM) evidenced much better activity against Gram-positive (no bacterial survival within 5 min) than against Gram-negative bacteria (no bacterial survival within 3 h). Finally, the antibacterial performances over time could be tuned by the concentration of the employed pyrrole-functionalized ionic liquid monomer. Against E. coli, using 100 mM of [PyC8MIm]Br-ZnCl2, the bacteria were totally killed within a few minutes, using 50 mM, they were killed after 2 h while using 10 mM, about 20% of bacteria survived even after 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ben Halima
- UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Thibaut Zwingelstein
- UMR CNRS 6174, Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Vincent Humblot
- UMR CNRS 6174, Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Boris Lakard
- UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Lydie Viau
- UMR CNRS 6213, Institut UTINAM, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, Besançon F-25000, France
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Hao QL, Yu LQ, Yang XQ, Xu RT, Lv YK. Two-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheets Derived from g-C 3N 4 /ZIF-8 for Solid-Phase Microextraction in Exhalation of Esophageal Cancer Patients. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5990-5997. [PMID: 36689469 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, two-dimensional (2D) nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (CNSs) were prepared through carbonizing MOFs (ZIF-8) in-situ grown using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a template. The developed ZIF-8 CNS was then used as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating for beneficiation of five biomarkers in exhalation of patients with esophageal cancer and in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for determination. The ZIF-8 CNS fiber exhibits satisfactory enrichment factors (3490-5631), wide linearity (5-1000 μg L-1), and low detection limits (0.26-0.96 μg L-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for six replicate extractions of the same ZIF-8 CNS fiber were between 2.0-3.9% (intra-day) and 2.8-5.2% (inter-day). The reproducibility of three fibers prepared by the same approach was in the range 6.8-12.3% (RSD). The developed ZIF-8 CNS fiber can persist in 120 SPME cycles with no prominent loss of extraction efficiency and precision. The high enrichment factors of the 2D ZIF-8 CNS coatings are attributed to the high specific surface area, ultrathin thickness, and nano-pore or interlayer channels; moreover, nitrogen doping also endows the π system with a strong electron absorption ability, which will enhance the π-π interaction between the ZIF-8 CNS and the aromatic ring. Ultimately, the self-made ZIF-8 CNS-coated SPME fiber was applied to the analysis of exhaled breath samples. The recoveries of spiked analytes are between 84 and 105%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Hao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Li-Qing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Rui-Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Chen H, Anderson JL, Anand RK. Electropolymerization of Pyrrole-Based Ionic Liquids on Selected Wireless Bipolar Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18087-18096. [PMID: 35417143 PMCID: PMC10578151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an electropolymerization-based on-chip valving system, accomplished by electrosynthesis of conductive polymeric ionic liquid (CPIL) films at selected points within an array of bipolar electrodes (BPEs), in which each of these wireless electrodes spans an IL-aqueous phase boundary. The low viscosity and high hydrophobicity of the CPIL precursor allow it to be patterned by established microfluidic methods. This advancement has the potential to impact microscale analysis because it allows on-demand creation of solid CPIL microstructures at locations specified by microfluidics, phase boundaries, and electrode potentials. To achieve this outcome, an imidazolium-based IL was functionalized with a pyrrole moiety, and the viscosity was tuned by choosing the appropriate counterion to form a CPIL with the desired viscosity, hydrophobicity, and oxidation potential. This monomer species was then introduced into a microfluidic device, which was prefilled with an aqueous buffer solution. The device comprised many parallel microchannels lined with nanoliter-scale chambers. BPEs interconnected the channels such that the BPE tips were each aligned to a chamber opening. The electrodes contacting the outermost channels were connected directly to a power supply and functioned as driving electrodes. The CPIL displaced the buffer in the channels and established a phase boundary at the opening of each chamber, thereby digitizing the aqueous phase. Finally, an alternating square waveform (under mode 1) was applied for 5 min to yield immobilized polymer films at a location defined by the BPE poles. In total, three modes were developed and three corresponding polymer film patterns were formed. Under mode 2, a DC power supply was used to achieve a dissymmetrical polymer film pattern, and, under mode 3, a regional polymer film pattern was formed under an AC potential with a DC offset. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the generated polymer films are immobile and sufficiently thick to seal the chambers at room temperature over the duration of our observation window (50 min), and this seal is maintained even at elevated temperatures that induce partial evaporation of the chamber contents. A key point is that this method is compatible with a preceding step─dielectrophoretic capture of single melanoma cells within the nanoliter-scale chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jared L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Robbyn K. Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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5
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Boullanger S, Contal E, Buron CC, Viau L. Pyrrole-tailed imidazolium surface-active monomers: aggregation properties in aqueous solution and polymerization behavior. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li W, Shi R, Chen S, Zhang X, Peng W, Chen S, Li J, Xu XM, Zhu YP, Wang X. Synthesis of Diverse Pentasubstituted Pyrroles by a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Rearrangement-Cyclization of Tertiary Enamide. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3014-3024. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ran Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuesi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xueyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Mousavi KZ, Yamini Y, Karimi B, Khataei MM, Khorasani M, Seidi S, Ghaemmaghami M. Plugged bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilica as a high-performance solid phase microextraction coating for improving extraction efficiency of chlorophenols in different matrices. Talanta 2021; 235:122724. [PMID: 34517592 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a sensitive solid phase microextraction (SPME) coating was developed based on two kinds of plugged and non-plugged bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas (BFPMO) with ionic liquid and ethyl units. The extraction efficiency of all plugged and unplugged sorbents was investigated for the extraction of chlorophenols (CPs) in water and honey samples by emphasizing the effect of different physicochemical properties. The separation and determination of the CPs was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction results showed that plugged BFPMO coating exhibited outstanding enrichment ability for the extraction of CPs as model analytes with different polarities. This can be attributed to a valuable hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance in the mesochanels of the plugged BFPMO, which is the result of the combination of plug technology and bridged organic groups. Low limits of detection in the range of 5-70 ng L-1, wide linearity, and good reproducibility (RSD = 8.1-10.1 % for n = 6) under the optimized extraction conditions were achieved. Finally, the BFPMOs coated fiber was successfully used for determination of CPs in real water samples. The relative recoveries for the five CPs were in the range of 92.3-104.0 %, which proved the applicability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Zavar Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, 45137-6731, Iran; Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran
| | | | - Mojtaba Khorasani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, 45137-6731, Iran
| | - Shahram Seidi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Lebedeva O, Kultin D, Kustov L. Electrochemical Synthesis of Unique Nanomaterials in Ionic Liquids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3270. [PMID: 34947620 PMCID: PMC8705126 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The review considers the features of the processes of the electrochemical synthesis of nanostructures in ionic liquids (ILs), including the production of carbon nanomaterials, silicon and germanium nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, nanomaterials and surface nanostructures based on oxides. In addition, the analysis of works on the synthesis of nanoscale polymer films of conductive polymers prepared using ionic liquids by electrochemical methods is given. The purpose of the review is to dwell upon an aspect of the applicability of ILs that is usually not fully reflected in modern literature, the synthesis of nanostructures (including unique ones that cannot be obtained in other electrolytes). The current underestimation of ILs as an electrochemical medium for the synthesis of nanomaterials may limit our understanding and the scope of their potential application. Another purpose of our review is to expand their possible application and to show the relative simplicity of the experimental part of the work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lebedeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Dmitry Kultin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Leonid Kustov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.L.); (D.K.)
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Ecology and Engineering, National Science and Technology University “MISiS”, Leninsky Prospect 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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Kesküla A, Peikolainen AL, Kilmartin PA, Kiefer R. Solvent Effect in Imidazole-Based Poly(Ionic liquid) Membranes: Energy Storage and Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3466. [PMID: 34685225 PMCID: PMC8537087 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are interesting new materials in sustainable technologies for energy storage and for gas sensor devices, and they provide high ion conductivity as solid polymer electrolytes in batteries. We introduce here the effect of polar protic (aqueous) and polar aprotic (propylene carbonate, PC) electrolytes, with the same concentration of lithium bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LiTFSI) on hydrophobic PIL films. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning ionic conductance microscopy and square wave voltammetry were performed, revealing that the PIL films had better electroactivity in the aqueous electrolyte and three times higher ion conductivity was obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Their energy storage capability was investigated with chronopotentiometric measurements, and it revealed 1.6 times higher specific capacitance in the aqueous electrolyte as well as novel sensor properties regarding the applied solvents. The PIL films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, FTIR and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Kesküla
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Anna-Liisa Peikolainen
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Paul A. Kilmartin
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Conducting Polymers in Composites and Applications Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Shyam Sunder GS, Rohanifar A, Alipourasiabi N, Lawrence JG, Kirchhoff JR. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid) for Preconcentration and Determination of Rare Earth Elements and Heavy Metals in Water Matrices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34782-34792. [PMID: 34254511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrole was N-functionalized with solid carbon dioxide followed by chemical polymerization to create a new air-stable, granular, and water-insoluble sorbent, poly(pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid) (PPy-CO2). PPy-CO2 exhibited enhanced affinity for the sorption of metal ions compared to unfunctionalized PPy due to the incorporation of carboxylate functional groups directly onto the polymer backbone. As a freestanding sorbent material, immobilization to an additional solid support is not needed. Sorption, and therefore preconcentration, occurs simultaneously to achieve efficient removal and recovery of metal ions by a pH-dependent sorption-desorption mechanism. PPy-CO2 was evaluated on the analytical scale for the solid-phase extraction of a range of metal ions and found to efficiently preconcentrate rare earth elements (REEs), Th, and heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Cd, and Pb), which allowed quantitation by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The impact of sorption parameters, such as solution pH, amount of sorbent, and sorption time, and the effect of desorption flow rate for recovery were investigated and optimized using ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction (UAD-SPE) with ICP-MS analysis. Maximum efficiency for sorption and recovery of most metal ions was achieved at a solution pH of 6.0, 10 mg of sorbent, a sorption time of 5 min, and desorption conditions of 1 mL of 2 M nitric acid applied at a flow rate of 0.25 mL min-1. Detection limits for REEs and Th ranged from 0.2-3.4 ng L-1 for REEs and Th and 0.9-5.7 ng L-1 for heavy metals. Linear ranges from 0.1-1000 μg L-1 for REEs and 0.1-500 μg L-1 for heavy metals and Th were also observed. PPy-CO2 successfully preconcentrated and facilitated the determination of the targeted metal ions in water matrices of varying complexity, including tap water, well water, river water, and produced water samples. These results indicate the potential application of PPy-CO2 for larger-scale recovery and removal of valuable or hazardous metal ions.
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Du J, Zhao F, Zeng B. Preparation of functionalized graphene and ionic liquid co-doped polypyrrole solid phase microextraction coating for the detection of benzoates preservatives. Talanta 2021; 228:122231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Demirci S, Kinali-Demirci S, VanVeller B. Surface-Grafted Polymeric Ionic Liquids with Tunable Morphology via In/ Ex Situ Cross-linking Methods. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1806-1811. [PMID: 35653685 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface-grafted poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) films were prepared by both in and ex situ cross-linking methods with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Cross-linked brushes are more stable than linear brushes without sacrificing the surface functionality and, therefore, have increased potential for applications in biomedicine and materials chemistry. The two methods, in situ via a bifunctional cross-linker and ex situ via thermal cross-linking, were systematically compared on silicon-wafer substrates. Films obtained through in situ cross-linking were superior to films derived from our ex situ cross-linking technique with respect to responsive behavior and controlling the formation of polymer brushes on the surface. Alternatively, more stable layers were obtained by the ex situ cross-linking method using a cross-linker based on Meldrum's acid, where the film structure could be changed from a brush to collapsed film morphologies with an increasing cross-linker ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Selin Kinali-Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Brett VanVeller
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Fan F, Liang X, Wang S, Wang L, Guo Y. A facile process for the preparation of organic gel-assisted silica microsphere material for multi-mode liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461472. [PMID: 32822994 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic gel (OG) has excellent characteristics, including a large surface area, adjustable pore/channel size, and good chemical stability, and has attracted great attention in the field of materials. However, the OG packed column is difficult to pack due to the weak mechanical strength and poor monodispersity. Herein, 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate-co-1-dodecanethiol ([AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM) was prepared on the silica microsphere for chromatographic packing available in multimode liquid chromatography (LC) mode with the good mechanical properties of silica microspheres through a simple OG synthesis method. [AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM@SiO2 hybrid microspheres with uniform particles and narrow particle size distribution are used as stationary phases of LC. These microspheres are used in anion-exchange (IEC), reversed-phase (RP), and hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) mode for the separation of different analytes. Such microspheres can also be used for the preliminary qualitative analysis of active ingredients in actual samples in addition to organic acids, alkylbenzenes, and nucleoside bases. The [AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM@SiO2 chromatography packing also has good reproducibility and stability. The adhesive properties of organogels and the adsorption properties of silica gel simplify the synthesis of stationary phase materials. This simple and effective strategy for preparing [AMIm]PF6-co-TDDM@SiO2 composite microspheres by one-pot method can expand the application of OG as a functional additive on silica microspheres in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Fan
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Ionic liquids in the microextraction techniques: The influence of ILs structure and properties. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Golantsov NE, Golubenkova AS, Festa AA, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG. A Domino Route toward Polysubstituted Pyrroles from 2-Imidazolines and Electron-Deficient Alkynes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4726-4731. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita E. Golantsov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Golubenkova
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
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17
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Reversible chelating polymer for determination of heavy metals by dispersive micro solid-phase extraction with ICP-MS. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:339. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Kesküla A, Heinmaa I, Tamm T, Aydemir N, Travas-Sejdic J, Peikolainen AL, Kiefer R. Improving the Electrochemical Performance and Stability of Polypyrrole by Polymerizing Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E136. [PMID: 31935858 PMCID: PMC7023371 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) based electroactive materials are important building blocks for the development of flexible electronics, bio-sensors and actuator devices. As the properties and behavior of PPy depends strongly on the operating environment-electrolyte, solvent, etc., it is desirable to plant immobile ionic species into PPy films to ensure stable response. A premade ionic polymer is not optimal in many cases, as it enforces its own structure on the conducting polymer, therefore, polymerization during fabrication is preferred. Pyrrole (Py) was electropolymerized at low temperature together with a polymerizable ionic liquid (PIL) monomer in a one-step polymerization, to form a stable film on the working electrode. The structure and morphology of the PPyPIL films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopy results confirmed the successful polymerization of Py to PPy and PIL monomer to PIL. The presence of (TFSI-) anions that balance the charge in PPyPIL was confirmed by EDX analysis. The electrical properties of PPyPIL in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) aqueous and propylene carbonate solutions were examined with cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry. The blend of PPyPIL had mixed electronic/ionic conductive properties that were strongly influenced by the solvent. In aqueous electrolyte, the electrical conductivity was 30 times lower and the diffusion coefficient 1.5 times higher than in the organic electrolyte. Importantly, the capacity, current density, and charge density were found to stay consistent, independent of the choice of solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Kesküla
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (T.T.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Ivo Heinmaa
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Tarmo Tamm
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (T.T.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.); (J.T.-S.)
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.); (J.T.-S.)
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - Anna-Liisa Peikolainen
- Intelligent Materials and Systems Lab, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.K.); (T.T.); (A.-L.P.)
| | - Rudolf Kiefer
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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19
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Ríos-Gómez J, García-Valverde MT, López-Lorente ÁI, Toledo-Neira C, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Polymeric ionic liquid immobilized onto paper as sorptive phase in microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1094:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Marcinkowska R, Konieczna K, Marcinkowski Ł, Namieśnik J, Kloskowski A. Application of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques: Current trends and future perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Ranathunge TA, Karunathilaka D, Ngo DT, Attanayake NH, Brodgon P, Delcamp JH, Rajapakse RMG, Watkins DL. Radically Accessing D–A Type Ambipolar Copolymeric Materials with Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity and Visible–Near Infrared Absorption Via Electro‐Copolymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharindu A. Ranathunge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Dilan Karunathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | | | - Phillip Brodgon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - R. M. Gamini Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400 Sri Lanka
| | - Davita L. Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
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23
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Voltammetric determination of fenitrothion based on pencil graphite electrode modified with poly(Purpald®). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Ferreira TA, Flores-Aguilar JF, Santos EM, Rodriguez JA, Ibarra IS. New Poly(Ionic Liquid) Based Fiber for Determination of Oxytetracycline in Milk Samples by Application of SPME-CE Technique. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030430. [PMID: 30682882 PMCID: PMC6385018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a procedure using solid phase microextraction in combination with capillary electrophoresis was developed for the determination of oxytetracycline in milk samples. The method involves the synthesis of poly(1-allyl-3-methyl imidazolium) chloride film on a stainless-steel bar via electropolymerization and its use as an adsorbent for oxytetracycline (OT) by an ionic exchange mechanism. The coated fiber is then immersed in milk samples for retention of oxytetracycline residues, followed by elution, drying, and reconstitution before analysis with capillary electrophoresis. The proposed method achieves a limit of detection of 70 µg L⁻¹ with adequate precision and uncertainty, making this methodology appropriate for the determination of OT in milk samples. The method was applied to the pre-concentration and quantification of oxytetracycline in ten commercial milk samples. Two tested samples were positive for the presence of oxytetracycline but the concentration was below the maximum residue limit according to the international normative standard. The proposed methodology was evaluated according to the Eco-Scale approach, and the total score of 51 indicated that the methodology proposed is both green and acceptable despite the multi-stage character. SPME-CE methodology allows us to perform the sample pre-treatment and determination of OT in an effective and greener way, decreasing the number of steps during the analysis and the generation of waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alexandra Ferreira
- Área Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
| | - J Francisco Flores-Aguilar
- Área Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
| | - Eva M Santos
- Área Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
| | - Jose A Rodriguez
- Área Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
| | - Israel S Ibarra
- Área Academica de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42184, Mexico.
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25
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Lashgari M, Yamini Y. An overview of the most common lab-made coating materials in solid phase microextraction. Talanta 2019; 191:283-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Sajid M, Khaled Nazal M, Rutkowska M, Szczepańska N, Namieśnik J, Płotka-Wasylka J. Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:271-288. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1517035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Khaled Nazal
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szczepańska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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27
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Synthesis and Properties of Magnetic Aryl-Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with Dual Brønsted/Lewis Acidity. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11122539. [PMID: 30551622 PMCID: PMC6316537 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of unique tunable aryl-imidazolium magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) with dual acidity that contain both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites (abbreviated as B-L MILs) were synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Physical properties, such as thermal properties, magnetic susceptibility, and Brønsted and Lewis acidity, were measured. These properties were found to depend on the cation structure. These B-L MILs had good solubility in many organic solvents, good thermal stability, and low melting points, and exhibited magnet-like behavior. For these B-L MILs, the Brønsted acidity was measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and the Lewis acidity was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that B-L MILs with an electron-withdrawing group in the aryl-imidazolium moiety had higher Brønsted acidity, whereas those with an electron-donating group had higher Lewis acidity. This type of ionic liquid, with both Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites, is expected to be a useful solvent and catalyst for organic reactions.
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28
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Nan H, Varona M, Emaus MN, Souza ID, Anderson JL. Advances of Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:505-531. [PMID: 30335970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - He Nan
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Marcelino Varona
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Miranda N Emaus
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Israel D Souza
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry , Iowa State University , 1605 Gilman Hall, Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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29
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Rohanifar A, Rodriguez LB, Devasurendra AM, Alipourasiabi N, Anderson JL, Kirchhoff JR. Solid-phase microextraction of heavy metals in natural water with a polypyrrole/carbon nanotube/1, 10–phenanthroline composite sorbent material. Talanta 2018; 188:570-577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Preparation of a New Polymerized Ionic Liquid-Modified Magnetic Nano Adsorbent for the Extraction and Preconcentration of Nitrate and Nitrite Anions from Environmental Water Samples. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Qian L, Lv X, Ouyang M, Tameev A, Katin K, Maslov M, Bi Q, Huang C, Zhu R, Zhang C. Fast Switching Properties and Ion Diffusion Behavior of Polytriphenylamine Derivative with Pendent Ionic Liquid Unit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32404-32412. [PMID: 30178666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel triphenylamine derivative-linked ionic liquid unit, 1-(6-((4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoyl)oxy)hexyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (TTPAC6IL-BF4), was designed and synthesized successfully, and its corresponding polymer PTTPAC6IL-BF4 was obtained by the electropolymerization method. The highest occupied molecular orbital energy band of TTPAC6IL-BF4 is higher and the onset oxidative potential lower compared with that of 6-bromohexyl 4-(bis(4-(thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)amino) benzoate (TTPAC6Br) without modifying the ionic liquid unit. Both PTTPAC6IL-BF4 and PTTPAC6Br show similar color change and optical contrast under different redox states. However, PTTPAC6IL-BF4 presents a faster electrochromic switching time than PTTPAC6Br owing to the improved ionic conductivity and ion diffusion coefficient with the introduction of a pendent ionic liquid unit. It is more intriguing that PTTPAC6IL-BF4 could show electrochromism under different potentials even without supplying any additional electrolyte. The particular behavior further proves that BF4- ions around imidazole cations at the side chain may participate in balancing the charge of the polymer backbone when redox reaction happens, resulting in faster movement of ions during the doping process. The results imply that introducing an ionic liquid unit to the side chain is an efficient method to improve the switching time of conjugated polymers and would be inspirational for the design and preparation of novel bifunctional electrochromic polymeric electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qian
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Mi Ouyang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Alexey Tameev
- The Laboratory for Electronic and Photonic Processes in Polymer Nanocomposites , A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow 119071 , Russia
| | - Konstantin Katin
- Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics Institute , National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409 , Russia
| | - Mikhail Maslov
- Nanoengineering in Electronics, Spintronics and Photonics Institute , National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) , Moscow 115409 , Russia
| | - Qian Bi
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Conghui Huang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , P. R. China
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Chang A, Li HY, Chang IN, Chu YH. Affinity Ionic Liquids for Chemoselective Gas Sensing. Molecules 2018; 23:E2380. [PMID: 30231477 PMCID: PMC6225420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective gas sensing is of great importance for applications in health, safety, military, industry and environment. Many man-made and naturally occurring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can harmfully affect human health or cause impairment to the environment. Gas analysis based on different principles has been developed to convert gaseous analytes into readable output signals. However, gas sensors such as metal-oxide semiconductors suffer from high operating temperatures that are impractical and therefore have limited its applications. The cost-effective quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device represents an excellent platform if sensitive, selective and versatile sensing materials were available. Recent advances in affinity ionic liquids (AILs) have led them to incorporation with QCM to be highly sensitive for real-time detection of target gases at ambient temperature. The tailorable functional groups in AIL structures allow for chemoselective reaction with target analytes for single digit parts-per-billion detection on mass-sensitive QCM. This structural diversity makes AILs promising for the creation of a library of chemical sensor arrays that could be designed to efficiently detect gas mixtures simultaneously as a potential electronic in future. This review first provides brief introduction to some conventional gas sensing technologies and then delivers the latest results on our development of chemoselective AIL-on-QCM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Minghsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Minghsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - I-Nan Chang
- ANT Technology Co., Ltd., 137, Section 1, Fushing South Road, Taipei 10666, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ho Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Minghsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan.
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33
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Solid-phase extraction, quantification, and selective determination of microcystins in water with a gold-polypyrrole nanocomposite sorbent material. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1560:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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34
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Bai S, Hu Q, Zeng Q, Wang M, Wang L. Variations in Surface Morphologies, Properties, and Electrochemical Responses to Nitro-Analyte by Controlled Electropolymerization of Thiophene Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11319-11327. [PMID: 29551063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we reported the fabrication of conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) films based on three thiophene derivatives using a one-step templateless electropolymerization in dichloromethane without any surfactants. The formation of hydrophilic or hydrophobic films with specific morphology is a comprehensive result of the polymerization sites in each monomer, the polymerization rate, and the gas bubble produced in situ during the polymerization process, which can be easily controlled by the experimental conditions, such as electropolymerization method, electrolyte, and "trace water" existed in the organic solvent. Moreover, the electrochemical reduction of metronidazole as a prototypical nitro-analyte at CMP-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode shows remarkably increased current response compared to nonmodified GC electrode. The process is demonstrated to be typical adsorption-controlled, and the hydrophobic surface of the electrode coating film is more favorable to the absorption and thus reduction of metronidazole. This work provides a new perspective and a breakthrough point for the application of CMPs in the electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lishi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , People's Republic of China
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35
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Guo X, Zhao F, Zeng B. Graphene-doped electrochemical copolymer coating of 2,2-bithiophene and 3-methylthiophene for the highly effective solid-phase microextraction of volatile benzene homologues. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2197-2206. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
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36
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Clark KD, Emaus MN, Varona M, Bowers AN, Anderson JL. Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:209-235. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Clark
- Department of Chemistry; Iowa State University; Ames IA USA
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