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Wang Y, Shi H, Sun J, Xu J, Yang M, Yu J. Hollow-Channel Paper Analytical Devices Supported Biofuel Cell-Based Self-Powered Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensor for Pesticide Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:974. [PMID: 36354483 PMCID: PMC9687901 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a paper-based glucose/air biofuel cell (BFC) was constructed and implemented for self-powered pesticide detection. Our developed paper-based chip relies on a hollow-channel to transport fluids rather than capillarity, which reduces analysis times as well as physical absorption. The gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were adapted to modify the paper fibers to fabricate the flexible conductive paper anode/cathode electrode (Au-PAE/CNT-PCE). Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a template were synthesized on Au-PAE for signal control. In the cathode, bilirubin oxidase (BOD) was used for the oxygen reduction reaction. Based on a competitive reaction between 2,4-D and glucose-oxidase-labeled 2,4-D (GOx-2,4-D), the amount of GOx immobilized on the bioanode can be simply tailored, thus a signal-off self-powered sensing platform was achieved for 2,4-D determination. Meanwhile, the coupling of the paper supercapacitor (PS) with the paper-based chip provides a simple route for signal amplification. Combined with a portable digital multi-meter detector, the amplified signal can be sensitively readout. Through rational design of the paper analytical device, the combination of BFC and PS provides a new prototype for constructing a low-cost, simple, portable, and sensitive self-powered biosensor lab-on-paper, which could be easily expanded in the field of clinical analysis and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Huihui Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiantao Sun
- Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection, Jinan 250102, China
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Department of Food and Drug, Weihai Ocean Vocational College, Weihai 264300, China
| | - Mengchun Yang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Li YY, Li HD, Fang WK, Liu D, Liu MH, Zheng MQ, Zhang LL, Yu H, Tang HW. Amplification of the Fluorescence Signal with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-Cas12a Based on Au Nanoparticle-DNAzyme Probe and On-Site Detection of Pb 2+ Via the Photonic Crystal Chip. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1572-1580. [PMID: 35482449 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although great headway has been made in DNAzyme-based detection of Pb2+, its adaptability, sensitivity, and accessibility in complex media still need to be improved. For this, we introduce new ways to surmount these hurdles. First, a spherical nucleic acid (SNA) fluorescence probe (Au nanoparticles-DNAzyme probe) is utilized to specifically identify Pb2+ and its suitability for precise detection of Pb2+ in complex samples due to its excellent nuclease resistance. Second, the sensitivity of Pb2+ detection is greatly enhanced via the use of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas12a with target recognition accuracy to amplify the fluorescent signal upon the trans cleavage of the SNA (signal probe), and the limit of detection reaches as low as 86 fM. Third, we boost the fluorescence on photonic crystal chips with a bionic periodic arrangement by employing a straightforward detection device (smartphone and portable UV lamp) to achieve on-site detection of Pb2+ with the limit of detection as low as 24 pM. Based on the abovementioned efforts, the modified Pb2+ fluorescence sensor has the advantages of higher sensitivity, better specificity, accessibility, less sample consumption, and so forth. Moreover, it can be applied to accurately detect Pb2+ in complex biological or environmental samples, which is of great promise for widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kai Fang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Han Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qiu Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
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Hou Y, Lv CC, Guo YL, Ma XH, Liu W, Jin Y, Li BX, Yang M, Yao SY. Recent Advances and Applications in Paper-Based Devices for Point-of-Care Testing. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2022; 6:247-273. [PMID: 35039787 PMCID: PMC8755517 DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT), as a portable and user-friendly technology, can obtain accurate test results immediately at the sampling point. Nowadays, microfluidic paper-based analysis devices (μPads) have attracted the eye of the public and accelerated the development of POCT. A variety of detection methods are combined with μPads to realize precise, rapid and sensitive POCT. This article mainly introduced the development of electrochemistry and optical detection methods on μPads for POCT and their applications on disease analysis, environmental monitoring and food control in the past 5 years. Finally, the challenges and future development prospects of μPads for POCT were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Cong-Cong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yan-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Xiao-Hu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Bao-Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
| | - Shi-Yin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062 China
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Xu R, Du Y, Ma H, Wu D, Ren X, Sun X, Wei Q, Ju H. Photoelectrochemical aptasensor based on La 2Ti 2O 7/Sb 2S 3 and V 2O 5 for effectively signal change strategy for cancer marker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113528. [PMID: 34325322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In this item, a high-efficiency signal "on-off-on" strategy photoelectrochemical (PEC) apatsensor was resoundingly developed for target ultrasensitive analysis. Primarily, the heterojunction formation between Cd: Sb2S3 and La2Ti2O7 was contributed to the first "signal-on" state to improve the stability of the PEC platform. Secondly, V2O5 nanosphere act as a catalyst for H2O2 was used to label on aptamer DNA to consume electron donor for achieving "signal-off" state. Then target analyte was modified on the surface of the PEC platform, and part of V2O5 with aptamer DNA would be released from the aptasensor surface, thus, the "signal-on" state was realized again. In this signal "on-off-on" strategy, the PEC performance of perovskite La2Ti2O7 was effectively perfected with Cd: Sb2S3 sensitization, and broaden the application of perovskite in PEC sensor field. And the signal attenuation and recovery strategy were distinctly elevated the sensitivity of the aptasensor. In the preferred detection conditions, the proposed PEC sensor for analyte (PSA as an example) analysis revealed a wide sensing range from 1.000 × 10-5 to 500.0 ng/mL, own a low detection limit of 4.300 fg/mL. This smart response change mode also provide prospect for other target detection, and offer a reference to signal transform for other electrochemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Yu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Xu Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Resonance energy transfer in electrochemiluminescent and photoelectrochemical bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang F, Fu C, Huang C, Li N, Wang Y, Ge S, Yu J. Paper-based closed Au-Bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence sensing platform for the detection of miRNA-155. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Ma C, Cao Y, Gou X, Zhu JJ. Recent Progress in Electrochemiluminescence Sensing and Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 92:431-454. [PMID: 31679341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
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8
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Wang H, Song Y, Chai Y, Yuan R. Highly sensitive biosensor based on target induced dual signal amplification to electrochemiluminescent nanoneedles of Ru(II) complex. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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9
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Li L, Zhang Y, Ge S, Zhang L, Cui K, Zhao P, Yan M, Yu J. Triggerable H2O2–Cleavable Switch of Paper-Based Biochips Endows Precision of Chemometer/Ratiometric Electrochemical Quantification of Analyte in High-Efficiency Point-of-Care Testing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:10273-10281. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Peini Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Cui K, Ge S, Cheng X, Yan M, Yu J, Liu H. Flexible Electronics Based on Micro/Nanostructured Paper. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801588. [PMID: 30066444 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, a new surge of interest in paper electronics has arisen due to the numerous merits of simple micro/nanostructured substrates. Herein, the latest advances and principal issues in the design and fabrication of paper-based flexible electronics are highlighted. Following an introduction of the fascinating properties of paper matrixes, the construction of paper substrates from diverse functional materials for flexible electronics and their underlying principles are described. Then, notable progress related to the development of versatile electronic devices is discussed. Finally, future opportunities and the remaining challenges are examined. It is envisioned that more design concepts, working principles, and advanced papermaking techniques will be developed in the near future for the advanced functionalization of paper, paving the way for the mass production and commercial applications of flexible paper-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Kang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shenguang Ge
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Mei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
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Cai W, Xie S, Zhang J, Tang D, Tang Y. Immobilized-free miniaturized electrochemical sensing system for Pb2+ detection based on dual Pb2+-DNAzyme assistant feedback amplification strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:312-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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12
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Li L, Wang T, Zhang Y, Xu C, Zhang L, Cheng X, Liu H, Chen X, Yu J. Editable TiO 2 Nanomaterial-Modified Paper in Situ for Highly Efficient Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen by Photoelectrochemical Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14594-14601. [PMID: 29638108 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a versatile photoelectrochemical paper-based sensor based on N-carbon dots/TiO2-Pt-modified paper in situ is developed for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in clinical serum samples. Interconnected cellulose fibers on paper provide a porous, 3D, and flexible substrate for photoelectrochemical sensing. In situ modification of N-carbon dots/TiO2-Pt with editable structures on paper significantly increases the conductivity, widens the adsorption range, and enhances the photoelectrochemical ability, which enables the higher sensitivity and flexibility compared with traditional rigid sensors. On the basis of this novel protocol, a miniaturized and portable origami device realizes the CEA determination with a low detection limit of 1.0 pg mL-1 and a wide linear range from 0.002 to 200 ng mL-1. Thanks to the good biocompatibility, the paper-based device provides a new avenue for the detection of CEA on the cell surface which is promising for portable diagnostics in early tumor warning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 , Singapore
| | | | - Caixia Xu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | | | | | - Hong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 , Singapore
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
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Li C, Shi X, Bao L, Yang J, Damirin A, Zhang J. The correlation between multiple variable factors and the autocatalytic properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles based on cell viability. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy was developed for evaluating the autocatalytic property of Ce NPs under optimized reaction conditions by the PLSR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| | - Xiangcheng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| | - Liang Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P. R. China
- College of Biochemical Engineering
- Hohhot Vocational College
| | - Jingjie Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
| | | | - Jun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot 010021
- P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
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