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Zhang R, Sun T. Ink-based additive manufacturing for electrochemical applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33023. [PMID: 38994065 PMCID: PMC11238056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has drawn substantial attention in recent decades due to its efficiency and precise control in part fabrication. The limitations of conventional fabrication processes, especially regarding geometry complexity, supply chain, and environmental impact, have prompted the exploration of diverse AM technologies in electrochemistry. Especially, three ink-based AM techniques, binder jet printing (BJP), direct ink writing (DIW), and Inkjet Printing (IJP), have been extensively applied by numerous research teams to produce electrodes, catalyst scaffolds, supercapacitors, batteries, etc. BJP's versatility in utilizing a wide range of materials as powder feedstock promotes its potential for various electrode and battery applications. DIW and IJP stand out for their ability to handle multi-material manufacturing tasks and deliver high printing resolution. To capture recent advancements in this field, we present a comprehensive review of the applications of BJP, DIW, and IJP techniques in fabricating electrochemical devices and components. This review intends to provide an overview of the process-structure-property relationship in electrochemical materials and components across diverse applications manufactured using AM techniques. We delve into how the significantly improved design freedom over the structure offered by these ink-based AM techniques highlights the performance of electrochemical products. Moreover, we highlight their advantages in terms of material compatibility, geometry control, and cost-effectiveness. In specific cases, we also compare the performance of electrochemical components fabricated using AM and conventional manufacturing methods. Finally, we conclude this review article by offering some insights into the future development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Chu X, Yang W, Li H. Recent advances in polyaniline-based micro-supercapacitors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:670-697. [PMID: 36598367 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs) and proliferation of wearable electronics have significantly stimulated the pursuit of distributed power supply systems that are small and light. Accordingly, micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) have recently attracted tremendous research interest due to their high power density, good energy density, long cycling life, and rapid charge/discharge rate delivered in a limited volume and area. As an emerging class of electrochemical energy storage devices, MSCs using polyaniline (PANI) electrodes are envisaged to bridge the gap between carbonaceous MSCs and micro-batteries, leading to a high power density together with improved energy density. However, despite the intensive development of PANI-based MSCs in the past few decades, a comprehensive review focusing on the chemical properties and synthesis of PANI, working mechanisms, design principles, and electrochemical performances of MSCs is lacking. Thus, herein, we summarize the recent advances in PANI-based MSCs using a wide range of electrode materials. Firstly, the fundamentals of MSCs are outlined including their working principle, device design, fabrication technology, and performance metrics. Then, the working principle and synthesis methods of PANI are discussed. Afterward, MSCs based on various PANI materials including pure PANI, PANI hydrogel, and PANI composites are discussed in detail. Lastly, concluding remarks and perspectives on their future development are presented. This review can present new ideas and give rise to new opportunities for the design of high-performance miniaturized PANI-based MSCs that underpin the sustainable prosperity of the approaching IoTs era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
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Wu T, Ma Z, He Y, Wu X, Tang B, Yu Z, Wu G, Chen S, Bao N. A Covalent Black Phosphorus/Metal–Organic Framework Hetero‐nanostructure for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10366-10374. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yunya He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xingjiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Bao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Guan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ningzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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Wu T, Ma Z, He Y, Wu X, Tang B, Yu Z, Wu G, Chen S, Bao N. A Covalent Black Phosphorus/Metal–Organic Framework Hetero‐nanostructure for High‐Performance Flexible Supercapacitors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yunya He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xingjiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Bao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Guan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ningzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology) Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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Shang K, Gao J, Yin X, Ding Y, Wen Z. An Overview of Flexible Electrode Materials/Substrates for Flexible Electrochemical Energy Storage/Conversion Devices. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kezheng Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiyuan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ximeng Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yichun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
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Chen H, Chen S, Zhang Y, Ren H, Hu X, Bai Y. Sand-Milling Fabrication of Screen-Printable Graphene Composite Inks for High-Performance Planar Micro-Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56319-56329. [PMID: 33280375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rational engineering and simplified production of printable graphene inks are essential for building high-energy and flexible graphene micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). However, few graphene-based MSCs show impressive areal capacitance and energy density, especially based on additive-manufacturing, cost-effective, and printable inks. Herein, a new-style and solution-processable graphene composite ink is ingeniously formulated for scalable screen printing MSCs. More importantly, the as-formulated inks consist of interwoven two-dimensional graphene and activated carbon nanofillers, which are delaminated by one-step sand-milling turbulent flow exfoliation. Notably, embedding the activated carbon nanoplatelets into graphene layers drastically boosts the electrochemical performance of screen-printed micro-supercapacitors (denoted as Gr/AC-MSCs), such as an outstanding areal capacitance of 12.5 mF cm-2 (about 20 times than pure graphene). The maximum energy density, maximum power density, and exceptional cyclability are 1.07 μW h cm-2, 0.004 mW cm-2, and 88.1% after 5000 cycles, respectively. As such, the as-printed MSCs on paper display high resolution and pronounced energy-storage performance. Furthermore, the packaged and optimized Gr/AC-MSCs showcase remarkable mechanical flexibility even under highly folded and excellent water resistance, maintaining 91.8% capacitance retention after being washed for 90 min. The versatile methodology highlights the promise of graphene and analogous 2D nanosheet functional inks for scalable fabrication of flexible energy-storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huqiang Chen
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University-Fangda Carbon, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songbo Chen
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University-Fangda Carbon, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University-Fangda Carbon, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University-Fangda Carbon, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinjun Hu
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University-Fangda Carbon, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongxiao Bai
- Graphene Institute of Lanzhou University-Fangda Carbon, MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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You R, Liu YQ, Hao YL, Han DD, Zhang YL, You Z. Laser Fabrication of Graphene-Based Flexible Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1901981. [PMID: 31441164 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the rise of graphene and its applications in various electronic devices. Specifically, featuring excellent flexibility, transparency, conductivity, and mechanical robustness, graphene has emerged as a versatile material for flexible electronics. In the past decade, facilitated by various laser processing technologies, including the laser-treatment-induced photoreduction of graphene oxides, flexible patterning, hierarchical structuring, heteroatom doping, controllable thinning, etching, and shock of graphene, along with laser-induced graphene on polyimide, graphene has found broad applications in a wide range of electronic devices, such as power generators, supercapacitors, optoelectronic devices, sensors, and actuators. Here, the recent advancements in the laser fabrication of graphene-based flexible electronic devices are comprehensively summarized. The various laser fabrication technologies that have been employed for the preparation, processing, and modification of graphene and its derivatives are reviewed. A thorough overview of typical laser-enabled flexible electronic devices that are based on various graphene sources is presented. With the rapid progress that has been made in the research on graphene preparation methodologies and laser micronanofabrication technologies, graphene-based electronics may soon undergo fast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui You
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi-Long Hao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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8
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Further Thermal Reduction of Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel with Excellent Rate Performance for Supercapacitors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of pure three-dimensional graphene (3DG) with high rate performance for supercapacitors is critical for fast rate charge/discharge. Here, 3DG was prepared via thermal annealing of freeze-dried reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hydrogel under inert gas protection. The formed 3DG as an electrode material for supercapacitors revealed a specific capacitance of 115 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1, and a high capacitance retention of 70% as current density increased to 40 A·g−1. The excellent rate capability was mainly attributed to the reserved porous structure and higher electrical conductivity for 3DG after thermal reduction than its RGO hydrogel precursor.
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9
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Robust flexible WS2/PEDOT:PSS film for use in high-performance miniature supercapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Hondred JA, Breger JC, Alves NJ, Trammell SA, Walper SA, Medintz IL, Claussen JC. Printed Graphene Electrochemical Biosensors Fabricated by Inkjet Maskless Lithography for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Organophosphates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11125-11134. [PMID: 29504744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Solution phase printing of graphene-based electrodes has recently become an attractive low-cost, scalable manufacturing technique to create in-field electrochemical biosensors. Here, we report a graphene-based electrode developed via inkjet maskless lithography (IML) for the direct and rapid monitoring of triple-O linked phosphonate organophosphates (OPs); these constitute the active compounds found in chemical warfare agents and pesticides that exhibit acute toxicity as well as long-term pollution to soils and waterways. The IML-printed graphene electrode is nano/microstructured with a 1000 mW benchtop laser engraver and electrochemically deposited platinum nanoparticles (dia. ∼25 nm) to improve its electrical conductivity (sheet resistance decreased from ∼10 000 to 100 Ω/sq), surface area, and electroactive nature for subsequent enzyme functionalization and biosensing. The enzyme phosphotriesterase (PTE) was conjugated to the electrode surface via glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The resulting biosensor was able to rapidly measure (5 s response time) the insecticide paraoxon (a model OP) with a low detection limit (3 nM), and high sensitivity (370 nA/μM) with negligible interference from similar nerve agents. Moreover, the biosensor exhibited high reusability (average of 0.3% decrease in sensitivity per sensing event), stability (90% anodic current signal retention over 1000 s), longevity (70% retained sensitivity after 8 weeks), and the ability to selectively sense OP in actual soil and water samples. Hence, this work presents a scalable printed graphene manufacturing technique that can be used to create OP biosensors that are suitable for in-field applications as well as, more generally, for low-cost biosensor test strips that could be incorporated into wearable or disposable sensing paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hondred
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Joyce C Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Nathan J Alves
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Scott A Trammell
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Scott A Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering , Code 6900, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Ames Laboratory , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
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