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Shi A, Schwartz DK. Bridging Macroscopic Diffusion and Microscopic Cavity Escape of Brownian and Active Particles in Irregular Porous Networks. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39146529 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
While irregular and geometrically complex pore networks are ubiquitous in nature and industrial processes, there is no universal model describing nanoparticle transport in these environments. 3D super-resolution nanoparticle tracking was employed to study the motion of passive (Brownian) and active (self-propelled) species within complex networks, and universally identified a mechanism involving successive cavity exploration and escape. In all cases, the long-time ensemble-averaged diffusion coefficient was proportional to a quantity involving the characteristic length scale and time scale associated with microscopic cavity exploration and escape (D ∼ r2/ttrap), where the proportionality coefficient reflected the apparent porous network connectivity. For passive nanoparticles, this coefficient was always lower than expected theoretically for a random walk, indicating reduced network accessibility. In contrast, the coefficient for active nanomotors, in the same pore spaces, aligned with the theoretical value, suggesting that active particles navigate "intelligently" in porous environments, consistent with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations in networks with variable pore sizes. These findings elucidate a model of successive cavity exploration and escape for nanoparticle transport in porous networks, where pore accessibility is a function of motive force, providing insights relevant to applications in filtration, controlled release, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Wang F, Zhang X, Huangfu C, Zhi H, Wang Y, Feng L. Novel Paraquat Detection Strategy Enabled by Carboxylatopillar[5]arene Confined in Nanochannels on a Paper-Based Sensor. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18059-18066. [PMID: 36523210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Paper-based optical sensors have emerged as a promising technology for pesticide detection and attracted extensive attention. However, in practical analytical applications, it may suffer from limited sensitivity with traditional signal amplification strategies. Here, we developed a novel mesoporous silica-modified paper-based sensor for a sensitive capture and analysis of the pesticide paraquat. Carboxylatopillar[5]arene was covalently introduced into the nanochannels for the rapid capture of target paraquat molecules due to the mass transfer confinement effect within nanopores. In addition, the large specific surface area of mesoporous silica enabled high-abundance immobilization of the capture agent and promoted its binding efficiency, which, in turn, contributed to improving the sensitivity. This work highlights the great potential of nanochannels as a development platform for sensitive paper-based sensors that can be used to develop new systems for the detection of paraquat and even other pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengya Wang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Changxin Huangfu
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, P. R. China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Instrumentation and Analytical Chemistry, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, P. R. China
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Xue C, Huang Y, Zheng X, Hu G. Hopping Behavior Mediates the Anomalous Confined Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Porous Hydrogels. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10612-10620. [PMID: 36350083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion is an essential means of mass transport in porous materials such as hydrogels, which are appealing in various biomedical applications. Herein, we investigate the diffusive motion of nanoparticles (NPs) in porous hydrogels to provide a microscopic view of confined diffusion. Based on the mean square displacement from particle tracking experiments, we elucidate the anomalous diffusion dynamics of the embedded NPs and reveal the heterogeneous pore structures in hydrogels. The results demonstrate that diffusive NPs can intermittently escape from single pores through void connective pathways and exhibit non-Gaussian displacement probability distribution. We simulate this scenario using the Monte Carlo method and clarify the existence of hopping events in porous diffusion. The resultant anomalous diffusion can be fully depicted by combining the hopping mechanism and the hydrodynamic effect. Our results highlight the hopping behavior through the connective pathways and establish a hybrid model to predict NP transport in porous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, China
| | - Yirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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Abstract
From the granular and fractured subsurface environment to highly engineered polymer membranes used in pharmaceutical purification, porous materials are ubiquitous in nature and industrial applications. In particular, porous media are used extensively in processes including water treatment, pharmaceutical sterilization, food/beverage processing, and heterogeneous catalysis, where hindered mass transport is either essential to the process or a necessary but undesirable limitation. Unfortunately, there are currently no universal models capable of predicting mass transport based on a description of the porous material because real porous materials are complex and because many coupled dynamic mechanisms (e.g., adsorption, steric effects, hydrodynamic effects, electrostatic interactions, etc.) give rise to the observed macroscopic transport phenomena.While classical techniques, like nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, provide useful information about mass transport in porous media at the ensemble level, they provide limited insight into the microscopic mechanisms that give rise to complex phenomena such as anomalous diffusion, hindered pore-space accessibility, and unexpected retention under flow, among many others. To address this issue, we have developed refractive index matching imaging systems, combined with single-particle tracking methods, allowing the direct visualization of single-particle motion within a variety of porous materials.In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts to advance the understanding of nanoparticle transport in porous media using single-particle tracking methods in both fundamental and applied scenarios. First, we describe the basic principles for two-dimensional and three-dimensional single-particle tracking in porous materials. Then, we provide concrete examples of nanoparticle transport in porous materials from two perspectives: (1) understanding fundamental elementary particle transport processes in porous media, including pore accessibility and cavity escape, which limit transport in porous media, and (2) facilitating applications in industrial processes, e.g., by understanding the mechanisms of particle fouling and remobilization in filtration membranes. Finally, we provide an outlook of opportunities associated with investigating other types of mass transport in confined environments using single-particle tracking methods, including electrophoretic and self-propelled motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Wu H, Wang D, Schwartz DK. Connecting Hindered Transport in Porous Media across Length Scales: From Single-Pore to Macroscopic. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8825-8831. [PMID: 33002354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hindered mass transport is widely observed in various porous media; however, there is no universal model capable of predicting transport in porous media due to the heterogeneity of porous structures and the complexity of the underlying microscopic mechanisms. Here, we used a highly ordered porous medium as a model system to directly explore the effects of geometric parameters (i.e., pore size, pore throat size, and tracer particle size) and microscopic interaction parameters (e.g., controlled by ionic strength) on nanoparticle transport in porous environments using single-particle tracking. We found a linear scaling relation between the macroscopic diffusion coefficient and microscopic diffusion behavior involving a combination of parameters associated with pore-scale features and phenomena, including both geometric effects and particle-wall interactions. The proportionality coefficient relating micro and macro behaviors was complex and related to the connectivity of the matrix and the pore-size variation, which could lead to tortuous diffusion pathways, hindering macroscopic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Calabrase W, Bishop LDC, Dutta C, Misiura A, Landes CF, Kisley L. Transforming Separation Science with Single-Molecule Methods. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13622-13629. [PMID: 32936608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Empirical optimization of the multiscale parameters underlying chromatographic and membrane separations leads to enormous resource waste and production costs. A bottom-up approach to understand the physical phenomena underlying challenges in separations is possible with single-molecule observations of solute-stationary phase interactions. We outline single-molecule fluorescence techniques that can identify key interactions under ambient conditions. Next, we describe how studying increasingly complex samples heightens the relevance of single-molecule results to industrial applications. Finally, we illustrate how separation methods that have not been studied at the single-molecule scale can be advanced, using chiral chromatography as an example case. We hope new research directions based on a molecular approach to separations will emerge based on the ideas, technologies, and open scientific questions presented in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Calabrase
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Logan D C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Chayan Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Anastasiia Misiura
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States.,Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, United States
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Hafner J, Oelschlaeger C, Willenbacher N. Microrheology imaging of fiber suspensions - a case study for lyophilized collagen I in HCl solutions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9014-9027. [PMID: 32821895 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In fiber suspensions with low optical contrast, the in situ characterization of structural properties with conventional microscopy methods fails. However, overlaying subsequent images of multiple particle tracking (MPT) videos including short trajectories usually discarded in MPT analysis allowed for direct visualization of individual fibers and the network structure of lyophilized collagen I (Coll) distributed in hydrochloric acid solutions. MPT yielded a broad distribution of mean square displacements (MSDs). Freely diffusing tracer particles yielded viscosities indicating that, irrespective of concentration, a constant amount of Coll is dissolved in the aqueous phase. Particles found elastically trapped within fibrous Coll structures exhibited a broad range of time-independent MSDs and we propose a structure comprising multiple fiber bundles with dense regions inaccessible to tracers and elastic regions of different stiffness in between. Bulky aggregates inaccessible to the 0.2 μm tracers exist even at low Coll concentrations, a network of slender fibers evolves above the sol-gel transition and these fibers densify with increasing Coll concentration. This novel MPT-based imaging technique possesses great potential to characterize the fiber distribution in and structural properties of a broad range of biological and technical suspensions showing low contrast when imaged with conventional techniques. Thus, MPT imaging and microrheology will help to better understand the effect of fiber distribution and network structure on the viscoelastic properties of complex suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hafner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Wu H, Sarfati R, Wang D, Schwartz DK. Electrostatic Barriers to Nanoparticle Accessibility of a Porous Matrix. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4696-4704. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Raphaël Sarfati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Björnmalm M, Wong LM, Wojciechowski JP, Penders J, Horgan CC, Booth MA, Martin NG, Sattler S, Stevens MM. In vivo biocompatibility and immunogenicity of metal-phenolic gelation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10179-10194. [PMID: 31700596 PMCID: PMC6837883 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo forming hydrogels are of interest for diverse biomedical applications due to their ease-of-use and minimal invasiveness and therefore high translational potential. Supramolecular hydrogels that can be assembled using metal-phenolic coordination of naturally occurring polyphenols and group IV metal ions (e.g. TiIV or ZrIV) provide a versatile and robust platform for engineering such materials. However, the in situ formation and in vivo response to this new class of materials has not yet been reported. Here, we demonstrate that metal-phenolic supramolecular gelation occurs successfully in vivo and we investigate the host response to the material over 14 weeks. The TiIV-tannic acid materials form stable gels that are well-tolerated following subcutaneous injection. Histology reveals a mild foreign body reaction, and titanium biodistribution studies show low accumulation in distal tissues. Compared to poloxamer-based hydrogels (commonly used for in vivo gelation), TiIV-tannic acid materials show a substantially improved in vitro drug release profile for the corticosteroid dexamethasone (from <1 day to >10 days). These results provide essential in vivo characterization for this new class of metal-phenolic hydrogels, and highlight their potential suitability for biomedical applications in areas such as drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Björnmalm
- Department of Materials
, Department of Bioengineering
, Institute of Biomedical Engineering
, Imperial College London
,
London SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
| | - Lok Man Wong
- National Heart and Lung Institute
, Imperial College London
,
London W12 0NN
, UK
.
| | - Jonathan P. Wojciechowski
- Department of Materials
, Department of Bioengineering
, Institute of Biomedical Engineering
, Imperial College London
,
London SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
| | - Jelle Penders
- Department of Materials
, Department of Bioengineering
, Institute of Biomedical Engineering
, Imperial College London
,
London SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
| | - Conor C. Horgan
- Department of Materials
, Department of Bioengineering
, Institute of Biomedical Engineering
, Imperial College London
,
London SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
| | - Marsilea A. Booth
- Department of Materials
, Department of Bioengineering
, Institute of Biomedical Engineering
, Imperial College London
,
London SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Trace Element Laboratory
, North West London Pathology
,
Charing Cross Hospital
, London W6 8RF
, UK
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute
, Imperial College London
,
London W12 0NN
, UK
.
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials
, Department of Bioengineering
, Institute of Biomedical Engineering
, Imperial College London
,
London SW7 2AZ
, UK
.
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Coceancigh H, Higgins DA, Ito T. Optical Microscopic Techniques for Synthetic Polymer Characterization. Anal Chem 2018; 91:405-424. [PMID: 30350610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry , Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building , Manhattan , Kansas 66506-0401 , United States
| | - Daniel A Higgins
- Department of Chemistry , Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building , Manhattan , Kansas 66506-0401 , United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry , Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building , Manhattan , Kansas 66506-0401 , United States
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