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AlZoubi T, Kadhem WJ, Al Gharram M, Makhadmeh G, Abdelfattah MAO, Abuelsamen A, AL-Diabat AM, Abu Noqta O, Lazarevic B, Zyoud SH, Mourched B. Advanced Optoelectronic Modeling and Optimization of HTL-Free FASnI 3/C60 Perovskite Solar Cell Architecture for Superior Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1062. [PMID: 38921938 PMCID: PMC11206542 DOI: 10.3390/nano14121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel perovskite solar cell (PSC) architecture is presented that utilizes an HTL-free configuration with formamide tin iodide (FASnI3) as the active layer and fullerene (C60) as the electron transport layer (ETL), which represents a pioneering approach within the field. The elimination of hole transport layers (HTLs) reduces complexity and cost in PSC heterojunction structures, resulting in a simplified and more cost-effective PSC structure. In this context, an HTL-free tin HC(NH2)2SnI3-based PSC was simulated using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) within a one-dimensional framework. Through this approach, the device performance of this novel HTL-free FASnI3-based PSC structure was engineered and evaluated. Key performance parameters, including the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), I-V characteristics, and quantum efficiency (QE), were systematically assessed through the modulation of physical parameters across various layers of the device. A preliminary analysis indicated that the HTL-free configuration exhibited improved I-V characteristics, with a PCE increase of 1.93% over the HTL configuration due to improved electron and hole extraction characteristics, reduced current leakage at the back contact, and reduced trap-induced interfacial recombination. An additional boost to the device's key performance parameters has been achieved through the further optimization of several physical parameters, such as active layer thickness, bulk and interface defects, ETL thickness, carrier concentration, and back-contact materials. For instance, increasing the thickness of the active layer PSC up to 1500 nm revealed enhanced PV performance parameters; however, further increases in thickness have resulted in performance saturation due to an increased rate of hole-electron recombination. Moreover, a comprehensive correlation study has been conducted to determine the optimum thickness and donor doping level for the C60-ETL layer in the range of 10-200 nm and 1012-1019 cm-3, respectively. Optimum device performance was observed at an ETL-C60 ultra-thin thickness of 10 nm and a carrier concentration of 1019 cm-3. To maintain improved PCEs, bulk and interface defects must be less than 1016 cm-3 and 1015 cm-3, respectively. Additional device performance improvement was achieved with a back-contact work function of 5 eV. The optimized HTL-free FASnI3 structure demonstrated exceptional photovoltaic performance with a PCE of 19.63%, Voc of 0.87 V, Jsc of 27.86 mA/cm2, and FF of 81%. These findings highlight the potential for highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) technology solutions based on lead-free perovskite solar cell (PSC) structures that contribute to environmental remediation and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq AlZoubi
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Wasan J. Kadhem
- Department of Scientific Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Al Gharram
- Department of Physics, School of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (SEEIT), German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Ghaseb Makhadmeh
- General Education Department, Skyline University College, Sharjah P.O. Box 1797, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Abdulsalam Abuelsamen
- Medical Imaging and Radiography Department, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 910122, Jordan
| | - Ahmad M. AL-Diabat
- Department of Physics, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Osama Abu Noqta
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Bojan Lazarevic
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Samer H. Zyoud
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bachar Mourched
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
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Wu G, Luo F, Hu L, Dong X, Cui G, Gu M, Liu Y. Quenching induced enhancement of coupling between the molecule reorientation and grain boundary relaxation in polycrystalline C60. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jeong HJ, Bang S, Park DY, Jeon H, Namkoong G, Jeong MS. Fabrication of pyramidal (111) MAPbBr 3 film with low surface defect density using homogeneous quantum-dot seeds. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1366-1373. [PMID: 31858095 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nucleation and seeding of organometal halide perovskite (OHP) films have been extensively investigated for forming high-density, large-crystalline, and low-defect films. In this study, CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) films with a low defect density are synthesized via a molecular exchange mechanism using MAPbBr3 quantum dots as seeds. The synthesized films exhibit a pyramidal morphology with a (111) crystal plane. The distribution of the (111) plane is controlled by adjusting the seed concentration. The pyramidal MAPbBr3 films exhibit improved photoluminescence intensity and uniformity compared with films produced using seedless toluene. When the seeds are employed, the surface trap density is reduced by a factor of 3.5, suppressing the photocurrent hysteresis and nonsaturated response of photodetectors. Additionally, the films formed using the seeds have improved stability owing to the chain decomposition reaction induced by electron beam heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jun Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Gao Z, Zheng Y, Zhao D, Yu J. Spin-Coated CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ Film Consisting of Micron-Scale Single Crystals Assisted with a Benzophenone Crystallizing Agent and Its Application in Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E787. [PMID: 30287765 PMCID: PMC6215164 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the superior properties of optical and electronic properties, perovskite single crystals have been in high demand recently. However, the growth of large-sized single crystals requires several processing steps and a long growth time, which engenders great difficulties in device integration. Herein, benzophenone (BP) was firstly introduced as a crystallizing agent to facilitate the construction of a high-quality CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ (MAPbBr₃) film consisting of micron-scale single crystals in a one-step spin-coating method. We studied the influence of the BP concentration upon the size and shape of the micron-scale single crystals. Moreover, due to the enhanced morphology of the MAPbBr₃ film with low-defect micron-scale single crystals, perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have been demonstrated with a maximum luminance of 1057.6 cd/m² and a turn-on voltage as low as 2.25 V. This approach not only proposes a concise and highly repeatable method for the formation of micron-scale perovskite single crystals, but also paves a way for the realization of efficient PeLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yifan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
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Chen H, Ding X, Pan X, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Ding Y, Dai S. Reducing the Universal "Coffee-Ring Effect" by a Vapor-Assisted Spraying Method for High-Efficiency CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23466-23475. [PMID: 29969014 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most attractive and efficient burgeoning thin-film photovoltaics. The perovskite films have been fabricated via lots of deposition methods, but these laboratory-based fabrication methods are not well-matched with large-area manufacture. Herein, spray coating as a deposition technique was explored to prepare perovskite films and break the bottleneck that plagued large-scale production. However, it is hard to reduce the notorious "coffee-ring effect" during the process of spraying perovskite films especially in a one-step spraying method. Thus, the vapor-assisted spraying method (VASM), namely, fabricating perovskite films through a vapor-solid in situ reaction between CH3NH3I vapor and sprayed PbI2 films, was creatively applied to the preparation of dense and uniform perovskite films. The surfaces of the sprayed PbI2 films were optimized by adjusting the wettability, viscosity, and contact quality via various methods such as the selection of solvent, solution concentration, and substrate temperature to inhibit the capillary flow and release the pinning contact line. The application of a component solvent could effectively crush the dense structure of the PbI2 film, optimizing the morphology of PbI2 films and reducing the influence of the coffee-ring effect. Integrating the above aspects, the optimized PbI2 films could form uniform perovskite films via an in situ reaction, and a best power conversion efficiency of 17.56% was achieved for planar structure PSCs, which is high among the PSCs fabricated by the spraying method. In addition, the VASM could be applied in the actual conditions for mass production, exhibiting excellent optical and electrical properties and paving the way of the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
| | - Xihong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
| | - Xu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230088 , P. R. China
| | - Tasawar Hayat
- Department of Mathematics , Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad 44000 , Pakistan
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alsaedi
- NAAM Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
| | - Songyuan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin-Film Solar Cells , North China Electric Power University , Beijing 102206 , P. R. China
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