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Fernández-Pampín N, González Plaza JJ, García-Gómez A, Peña E, Garroni S, Poddighe M, Rumbo C, Barros R, Martel-Martín S, Aparicio S, Tamayo-Ramos JA. Toxicological assessment of pristine and degraded forms of graphene functionalized with MnOx nanoparticles using human in vitro models representing different exposure routes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11846. [PMID: 37481626 PMCID: PMC10363126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of novel advanced nanomaterials (NMs) with outstanding characteristics for their use in distinct applications needs to be accompanied by the generation of knowledge on their potential toxicological impact, in particular, that derived from different occupational risk exposure routes, such as inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. The harmful effects of novel graphene-metal oxide composites on human health are not well understood, many toxicological properties have not been investigated yet. The present study has evaluated several toxicological effects associated with graphene decorated with manganese oxide nanoparticles (GNA15), in a comparative assessment with those induced by simple graphene (G2), on human models representing inhalation (A549 cell line), ingestion (HT29 cell line) and dermal routes (3D reconstructed skin). Pristine and degraded forms of these NMs were included in the study, showing to have different physicochemical and toxicological properties. The degraded version of GNA15 (GNA15d) and G2 (G2d) exhibited clear structural differences with their pristine counterparts, as well as a higher release of metal ions. The viability of respiratory and gastrointestinal models was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of both GNA15 and G2 pristine and degraded forms. Besides this, all NMs induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both models. However, the degraded forms showed to induce a higher cytotoxicity effect. In addition, we found that none of the materials produced irritant effects on 3D reconstructed skin when present in aqueous suspensions. These results provide novel insights into the potentially harmful effects of novel multicomponent NMs in a comprehensive manner. Furthermore, the integrity of the NMs can play a role in their toxicity, which can vary depending on their composition and the exposure route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fernández-Pampín
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan José González Plaza
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Peña
- Gnanomat, C/Faraday 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastiano Garroni
- Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Matteo Poddighe
- Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (LMNT), Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Science, CR-INSTM, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Carlos Rumbo
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sonia Martel-Martín
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Santiago Aparicio
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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2
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Uçar A, Aydoğdu Tığ G, Er E. Recent advances in two dimensional nanomaterial-based electrochemical (bio)sensing platforms for trace-level detection of amino acids and pharmaceuticals. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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3
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Lorusso C, Calisi A, Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Varodi C, Pogăcean F, Pruneanu S, Dondero F. Carbon nanomaterial functionalization with pesticide-detoxifying carboxylesterase. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136594. [PMID: 36167211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Four carbon materials, spent coffee-ground biochar, carbon black, short CNTs, and nitrogen-doped few-layer graphene (N-graphene) were tested for their functionalization with a commercial carboxylesterase. Their robustness to variations in time and key physicochemical parameters (temperature and pH) was analysed. In general, carbon nanomaterials showed better performance than biochar, both in terms of binding capacity and resilience in harsh conditions, at statistically significant levels. Among the tested materials, functionalized N-graphene also showed the highest level of inhibition of carboxylesterase by pesticide exposure. Therefore, N-graphene was selected for biotechnological application of pesticide scavenging toxicity in T. thermophila, a ciliate bioindicator of water quality. While immobilization of the enzyme was not effective in the case of carbaryl, a methyl carbamate, in the case of the organophosphorus dichlorvos, a 1- or 30-min contact time with a water solution containing 5 times the LC100 - 0.5 mM - allowed 50% and 100% rescue of ciliate survival, respectively. These results suggest that functionalization with carboxylesterase may be of additional benefit compared to bare carbon in water clean-up procedures, especially for highly hydrophilic pesticides such as dichlorvos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Lorusso
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Antonio Calisi
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Juan Carlos Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Codruta Varodi
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Florina Pogăcean
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Stela Pruneanu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Francesco Dondero
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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4
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Liu F, Wei B, Cheng L, Zhao Y, Liu X, Yuan Q, Liang H. Co-Immobilizing Two Glycosidases Based on Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates to Enhance Enzymatic Properties for Achieving High Titer Icaritin Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11631-11642. [PMID: 36044714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Icaritin is a rare and high-value isopentane flavonoid compound with remarkable activities. Increasing yields while reducing cost has been a great challenge in icaritin production. Herein, we first reported a high titer icaritin biosynthesis strategy from epimedin C through co-immobilizing α-l-rhamnosidase (Rha1) and β-glucosidase (Glu4) using cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). The created CLEAs exhibited excellent performances in terms of catalytic activity, thermal stability, pH stability, and reusability. Notably, Rha1-CLEAs (Ki: 1 M) and Glu4-CLEAs (Ki: 0.1 M) were more tolerant to sugars (glucose or rhamnose) than free enzymes (0.1 M for Rha1 and 0.007 M for Glu4) by immobilization, achieving the highest icaritin productivity under the highest substrate concentration ever reported. Finally, about 34.24 g/L icaritin could be obtained from 100 g/L epimedin C within 8 h, indicating the great potential for industrialization. This study also provides a promising strategy for the low-cost production of other high-value aglycone compounds by solving poor stability and sugar inhibition of glycosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Leiyu Cheng
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd., Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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5
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Homologous Expression and Characterization of α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger for the Transformation of Flavonoids. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3453-3467. [PMID: 35366188 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger has been used for homologous and heterologous expressions of many protein products. In this study, the α-L-rhamnosidase from A. niger (Rha-N1, GenBank XP_001389086.1) was homologously expressed in A. niger 3.350 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The enzyme activity of Rha-N1 was 0.658 U/mL, which was obtained by cultivation of engineered A. niger in a 5-L bioreactor. Rha-N1 was purified by affinity chromatography and characterized. The optimum temperature and optimum pH for Rha-N1 were 60 °C and 4.5, respectively. Enzyme activity was promoted by Al3+, Li+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ and was inhibited by Mn2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, and organic solvents. The result indicated that rutin was the most suitable substrate for Rha-N1 by comparison with the other two flavonoid substrates hesperidin and naringin. The transformed products of isoquercitrin, hesperetin-7-O-glucoside, and prunin were identified by LC-MS and 1H-NMR.
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6
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Rozhin P, Abdel Monem Gamal J, Giordani S, Marchesan S. Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) and Enzymes: From Nanozymes to CNM-Enzyme Conjugates and Biodegradation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1037. [PMID: 35160982 PMCID: PMC8838330 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and enzymes differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties-their handling and characterization require very different specialized skills. Therefore, their combination is not trivial. Numerous studies exist at the interface between these two components-especially in the area of sensing-but also involving biofuel cells, biocatalysis, and even biomedical applications including innovative therapeutic approaches and theranostics. Finally, enzymes that are capable of biodegrading CNMs have been identified, and they may play an important role in controlling the environmental fate of these structures after their use. CNMs' widespread use has created more and more opportunities for their entry into the environment, and thus it becomes increasingly important to understand how to biodegrade them. In this concise review, we will cover the progress made in the last five years on this exciting topic, focusing on the applications, and concluding with future perspectives on research combining carbon nanomaterials and enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Rozhin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Jada Abdel Monem Gamal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Health, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Health, Dublin City University, D09 E432 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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7
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Sun J, Li W, Liao H, Li L, Ni H, Chen F, Li Q. Adding sorbitol improves the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger and increases the conversion of hesperidin. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14055. [PMID: 34967461 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found the addition of sorbitol could improve the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger. When α-l-rhamnosidase with sorbitol was heat-treated at 60°C, 65°C, and 70°C, the half-life t1/2 increased by 28-, 18-, and 9-fold, respectively. Inactivation thermodynamic analysis showed that both Ea and ΔG≠ of α-l-rhamnosidase increased. Through the response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, the higher hesperidin conversion (63.26%) by α-l-rhamnosidase was attained with 0.7 M sorbitol at 60°C and pH 4.5 for 10 min. Furthermore, hesperidin could be completely hydrolyzed after 10 hr of reaction. Overall, the results indicated that the addition of sorbitol improved the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase and increased the enzymatic conversion of hesperidin to hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HMG). It also provided a simple and efficient way to increase enzymatic conversion of other valuable flavonoid monomers due to the broad substrate specificities of α-l-rhamnosidase from A. niger. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (HMG), a derhamnosylation product of hesperidin, is considered as a synthetic precursor for novel and efficient sweeteners and is important in food, functional food, and nutraceutical industries. Compared to chemical hydrolysis methods, the enzymatic conversion of hesperidin is milder and has the advantages of high specificity. Adding sorbitol can improve the thermostability of α-l-rhamnosidase and increase the enzyme efficacy against hesperidin. This study gave more evidence that adding sorbitol could improve the thermostability of enzymes and provide a better choice for improving biotransformation potency of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Liao
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijun Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China.,Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
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8
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Ferreira-Lazarte A, Plaza-Vinuesa L, de Las Rivas B, Villamiel M, Muñoz R, Moreno FJ. Production of α-rhamnosidases from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and their role in deglycosylation of dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1093-1102. [PMID: 34780892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work addresses the amino acid sequence, structural analysis, biochemical characterization and glycosidase activity of two recombinant α-rhamnosidases, Ram1 and Ram2, from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the disaccharide rutinose and natural dietary flavonoids naringin and rutin was also determined and compared to that of a commercial multienzyme complex (Pectinex Ultra Passover, PPO). Ram1 is a less acidic- and heat-active enzyme than Ram2 and exhibited a high activity towards pNP-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, but it was unable to hydrolyze neither rutinose, naringin or rutin. In contrast, Ram2 enzyme showed a substrate specificity towards α-(1➔6) glycosidic flavonoids, such as rutin, and the disaccharide rutinose. The mechanism of action of Ram2 towards rutin was elucidated and revealed the potential cost-effective and selective production of the monoglycosylated flavonoid isoquercetin (quercetin-3-O-glucoside). PPO efficiently converted both naringin and rutin into their corresponding aglycones. These findings revealed the potential usefulness of PPO for the improvement of sensory properties of beverages through debittering of citrus juices, as well as the potential use of Ram2 to selectively produce isoquercetin, a highly valued and bioactive flavonoid whose production is not currently affordable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ferreira-Lazarte
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Plaza-Vinuesa
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca de Las Rivas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Villamiel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosario Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición, ICTAN (CSIC), C/ Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Khan R, Radoi A, Rashid S, Hayat A, Vasilescu A, Andreescu S. Two-Dimensional Nanostructures for Electrochemical Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3369. [PMID: 34066272 PMCID: PMC8152006 DOI: 10.3390/s21103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current advancements in the development of functional nanomaterials and precisely designed nanostructures have created new opportunities for the fabrication of practical biosensors for field analysis. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nanomaterials provide unique hierarchical structures, high surface area, and layered configurations with multiple length scales and porosity, and the possibility to create functionalities for targeted recognition at their surface. Such hierarchical structures offer prospects to tune the characteristics of materials-e.g., the electronic properties, performance, and mechanical flexibility-and they provide additional functions such as structural color, organized morphological features, and the ability to recognize and respond to external stimuli. Combining these unique features of the different types of nanostructures and using them as support for bimolecular assemblies can provide biosensing platforms with targeted recognition and transduction properties, and increased robustness, sensitivity, and selectivity for detection of a variety of analytes that can positively impact many fields. Herein, we first provide an overview of the recently developed 2D nanostructures focusing on the characteristics that are most relevant for the design of practical biosensors. Then, we discuss the integration of these materials with bio-elements such as bacteriophages, antibodies, nucleic acids, enzymes, and proteins, and we provide examples of applications in the environmental, food, and clinical fields. We conclude with a discussion of the manufacturing challenges of these devices and opportunities for the future development and exploration of these nanomaterials to design field-deployable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Antonio Radoi
- National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnology—IMT Bucharest, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae Street, 077190 Voluntari, Romania;
| | - Sidra Rashid
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (S.R.); (A.H.)
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
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Zhou XJ, Zhu CT, Zhang LY, You S, Wu FA, Wang J. Enrichment and purification of red pigments from defective mulberry fruits using biotransformation in a liquid-liquid-solid three-phase system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24432-24440. [PMID: 32323230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A large number of defective mulberries are discarded each year because mulberries are easy to break. The red pigments from defective mulberries are recognized as the sustainable sources of anthocyanins extracted from nature. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside are the main components of mulberry red pigments, accounting for 50% and 40% of the total, respectively. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside exhibits anticancer, hypoglycemic, and liver and visceral protection properties. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside can be prepared by enzymatically hydrolyzing the rhamnosidase bond of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. To obtain mulberry red pigment with a high purity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was added to the aqueous two-phase system to construct a liquid-liquid-solid three-phase enzyme catalytic system. After optimization, the three-phase system was composed of 27.12% (w/w) ethanol, 18.10% (w/w) ammonium sulfate, 15% (w/w) mulberry juice, 4.24% (w/w) immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase, and 35.54% (w/w) pure water. The three-phase system was employed to enrich and purify cyanidin-3-O-glucoside at pH 5 and 45 °C for 1 h. The purity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was increased from 40 to 82.42% with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside conversion of 60.68%. The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase could be reused seven times, maintaining a relative activity of over 50%. Overall, the developed system provided an efficient and simple approach for high purity mulberry red pigment production and recycling in the field of sustainable agriculture. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Tong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu-An Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Su HH, Xu RY, Yang ZD, Guo YS, Gao JY, Mo LZ, Gao YF, Cheng H, Zhang PJ, Huang JS. Green synthesis of isomaltulose from cane molasses by an immobilized recombinant Escherichia coli strain and its prebiotic activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Laguna-Teno F, Suarez-Diez M, Tamayo-Ramos JA. Commonalities and Differences in the Transcriptional Response of the Model Fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Different Commercial Graphene Oxide Materials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1943. [PMID: 32849484 PMCID: PMC7431627 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide has become a very appealing nanomaterial during the last years for many different applications, but its possible impact in different biological systems remains unclear. Here, an assessment to understand the toxicity of different commercial graphene oxide nanomaterials on the unicellular fungal model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed. For this task, an RNA purification protocol was optimized to avoid the high nucleic acid absorption capacity of graphene oxide. The developed protocol is based on a sorbitol gradient separation process for the isolation of adequate ribonucleic acid levels (in concentration and purity) from yeast cultures exposed to the carbon derived nanomaterial. To pinpoint potential toxicity mechanisms and pathways, the transcriptome of S. cerevisiae exposed to 160 mg L-1 of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide nanocolloids (GOC) was studied and compared. Both graphene oxide products induced expression changes in a common group of genes (104), many of them related to iron homeostasis, starvation and stress response, amino acid metabolism and formate catabolism. Also, a high number of genes were only differentially expressed in either GO (236) or GOC (1077) exposures, indicating that different commercial products can induce specific changes in the physiological state of the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Laguna-Teno
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Suarez-Diez M, Porras S, Laguna-Teno F, Schaap PJ, Tamayo-Ramos JA. Toxicological response of the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to different concentrations of commercial graphene nanoplatelets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3232. [PMID: 32094381 PMCID: PMC7039959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanomaterials have attracted a great interest during the last years for different applications, but their possible impact on different biological systems remains unclear. Here, an assessment to understand the toxicity of commercial polycarboxylate functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (GN) on the unicellular fungal model Saccharomyces cerevisiae was performed. While cell proliferation was not negatively affected even in the presence of 800 mg L-1 of the nanomaterial for 24 hours, oxidative stress was induced at a lower concentration (160 mg L-1), after short exposure periods (2 and 4 hours). No DNA damage was observed under a comet assay analysis under the studied conditions. In addition, to pinpoint the molecular mechanisms behind the early oxidative damage induced by GN and to identify possible toxicity pathways, the transcriptome of S. cerevisiae exposed to 160 and 800 mg L-1 of GN was studied. Both GN concentrations induced expression changes in a common group of genes (337), many of them related to the fungal response to reduce the nanoparticles toxicity and to maintain cell homeostasis. Also, a high number of genes were only differentially expressed in the GN800 condition (3254), indicating that high GN concentrations can induce severe changes in the physiological state of the yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneg, 4 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Porras
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada, University of Burgos, Plaza Infanta Doña Elena, s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Felix Laguna-Teno
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneg, 4 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan A Tamayo-Ramos
- International Research Centre in Critical Raw Materials-ICCRAM, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
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Interaction Analysis of Commercial Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles with Unicellular Systems and Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010205. [PMID: 31892228 PMCID: PMC6982217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of commercial monolayer graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide nanocolloids (GOC) to interact with different unicellular systems and biomolecules was studied by analyzing the response of human alveolar carcinoma epithelial cells, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacteria Vibrio fischeri to the presence of different nanoparticle concentrations, and by studying the binding affinity of different microbial enzymes, like the α-l-rhamnosidase enzyme RhaB1 from the bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum and the AbG β-d-glucosidase from Agrobacterium sp. (strain ATCC 21400). An analysis of cytotoxicity on human epithelial cell line A549, S. cerevisiae (colony forming units, ROS induction, genotoxicity) and V. fischeri (luminescence inhibition) cells determined the potential of both nanoparticle types to damage the selected unicellular systems. Also, the protein binding affinity of the graphene derivatives at different oxidation levels was analyzed. The reported results highlight the variability that can exist in terms of toxicological potential and binding affinity depending on the target organism or protein and the selected nanomaterial.
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