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de Souza GF, Magalhães LF, de Souza Carvalho TA, Ferreira DL, Pereira RS, da Cunha TR, Bettini J, Schiavon MA, Vivas MG. Probing the cw-Laser-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystal Thin Films: An Interplay between Photo and Thermal Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34303-34312. [PMID: 38885089 PMCID: PMC11231974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals hold significant promise for a wide range of applications, including solar cells, LEDs, photocatalysts, humidity and temperature sensors, memory devices, and low-cost photodetectors. Such technological potential stems from their exceptional quantum efficiency and charge carrier conduction capability. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of photoexcitation, such as phase segregation, annealing, and ionic diffusion, remain insufficiently understood. In this context, we harnessed hyperspectral fluorescence microspectroscopy to advance our comprehension of fluorescence enhancement triggered by UV continuous-wave (cw) laser irradiation of CsPbBr3 colloidal nanocrystal thin films. Initially, we explored the kinetics of fluorescence enhancement and observed that its efficiency (φph) correlates with the laser power (P), following the relationship φph = 7.7⟨P⟩0.47±0.02. Subsequently, we estimated the local temperature induced by the laser, utilizing the finite-difference method framework, and calculated the activation energy (Ea) required for fluorescence enhancement to occur. Our findings revealed a very low activation energy, Ea ∼ 9 kJ/mol. Moreover, we mapped the fluorescence photoenhancement by spatial scanning and real-time static mode to determine its microscale length. Below a laser power of 60 μW, the photothermal diffusion length exhibited nearly constant values of approximately (22 ± 5) μm, while a significant increase was observed at higher laser power levels. These results were ascribed to the formation of nanocrystal superclusters within the film, which involves the interparticle spacing reduction, creating the so-called quantum dot solid configuration along with laser-induced annealing for higher laser powers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fabrício de Souza
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Magalhães
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Lourençoni Ferreira
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Richard Silveira Pereira
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rodrigues da Cunha
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Schiavon
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química de Materiais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, 36301-160 São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gonçalves Vivas
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
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Yang B, Cang J, Li Z, Chen J. Nanocrystals as performance-boosting materials for solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1331-1360. [PMID: 38419867 PMCID: PMC10898446 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) have been widely studied owing to their distinctive properties and promising application in new-generation photoelectric devices. In photovoltaic devices, semiconductor NCs can act as efficient light harvesters for high-performance solar cells. Besides light absorption, NCs have shown great significance as functional layers for charge (hole and electron) transport and interface modification to improve the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. NC-based functional layers can boost hole/electron transport ability, adjust energy level alignment between a light absorbing layer and charge transport layer, broaden the absorption range of an active layer, enhance intrinsic stability, and reduce fabrication cost. In this review, recent advances in NCs as a hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and interfacial layer are discussed. Additionally, NC additives to improve the performance of solar cells are demonstrated. Finally, a summary and future prospects of NC-based functional materials in solar cells are presented, addressing their limitations and suggesting potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Yang
- College of Science, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Junjie Cang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Zhiling Li
- College of Science, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
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Jiang N, Ma G, Song D, Qiao B, Liang Z, Xu Z, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi A, Zhao S. Defects in lead halide perovskite light-emitting diodes under electric field: from behavior to passivation strategies. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3838-3880. [PMID: 38329288 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are emerging semiconductor materials for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their unique structure and superior optoelectronic properties. However, defects that initiate degradation of LHPs through external stimuli and prompt internal ion migration at the interfaces remain a significant challenge. The electric field (EF), which is a fundamental driving force in LED operation, complicates the role of these defects in the physical and chemical properties of LHPs. A deeper understanding of EF-induced defect behavior is crucial for optimizing the LED performance. In this review, the origins and characterization of defects are explored, indicating the influence of EF-induced defect dynamics on LED performance and stability. A comprehensive overview of recent defect passivation approaches for LHP bulk films and nanocrystals (NCs) is also provided. Given the ubiquity of EF, a summary of the EF-induced defect behavior can enhance the performance of perovskite LEDs and related optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Guoquan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zhiqin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
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4
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Shahzadi U, Yang D, Fatima K, Wang F. Band Gap Alteration of Halide Mixing in Hybrid Perovskites: A First-Principles Study with Statistical Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1173-1180. [PMID: 38321941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the band gap of three-dimensional halide perovskites using the first-principles calculations, there are still significant discrepancies between theoretical and experimental values. Various solutions have been proposed, such as employing a system-specific hybrid functional with varying degrees of exact exchange and explicitly incorporating spin-orbit coupling effects. Our research involved a comprehensive investigation of three typical lead-containing three-dimensional perovskites MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, and MAPbCl3 (MA = CH3NH3). Through a statistical analysis comparing mean absolute error (MAE) with experimental results, we demonstrated that the nonlocal van der Waals (vdW) density functional corrections (i.e., optB86b) yielded the most approximate lattice parameters in comparison to experimental values. Furthermore, based on these lattice parameters, the HSE06 hybrid functional is the optimal estimation of the band gap among all the options. Moreover, we investigated three sets of mixed three-dimensional halide perovskites by varying the halide component. This exploration contributes to the identification of MAPb(Br0.333I0.667)3 and MAPb(Cl0.333I0.667)3 as exhibiting the smallest band gap of 1.315 (1.867) eV and 1.313 (1.885) eV for PBE (HSE06), respectively. These band gaps were determined using the HSE06 method with the optimized lattice by PBE considering the optB86b corrections. The approach employed in this work produced a band gap trend closely aligned with experimental observations, underscoring the importance of adopting a reliable and material-independent computational strategy when screening new halide perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Shahzadi
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001,China
| | - Dongwen Yang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001,China
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001,China
| | - Fei Wang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001,China
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Que M, Yuan H, Wu Q, He S, Zhong P, Li B. Amino Acid Double-Passivation-Enhanced Quantum Dot Coupling for High-Efficiency FAPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6189-6197. [PMID: 38266387 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite quantum dot has outstanding durability, reasonable carrier lifetime, and long carrier diffusion length for a new generation of highly efficient solar cells. However, ligand engineering is a dilemma because of the highly ionized and dynamic characteristics of quantum dots. To circumvent this issue, herein, we employed a mild solution-phase ligand-exchange approach through adding short-chain amino acids that contain amino and carboxyl groups to modify quantum dots and passivate their surface defects during the purification process. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of FAPbI3 perovskite quantum dot solar cells (PQDSCs) increased from 11.23 to 12.97% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.09 V, a short-circuit current density of 16.37 mA cm-2, and a filling factor of 72.13%. Furthermore, the stability of the device modified by amino acids retains over 80% of the initial efficiency upon being exposed to 20-30% relative humidity for 240 h of aging treatment. This work may offer an innovative concept and approach for surface ligand treatment to improve the photovoltaic performance of PQDSCs toward large-scale manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidan Que
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Qizhao Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Shenghui He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhong
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi'an 710126, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, P. R. China
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Liang Z, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Huang L, Yang Y, Xiao Y. The effects of grating anatase on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite based solar cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14935. [PMID: 37089313 PMCID: PMC10119559 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulated by the extraordinary power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIP) based solar cells (SCs), the derivative studies on inorganic perovskites (IOP) based SCs have been intensely investigated. In order to overcome the disadvantages of CsPbBr3, most prominently the unfavorable larger band gap (2.3eV), a grating layer of mesoporous anatase TiO2(mp-TiO2) has been inserted into the conventional configuration of SCs. The grating layer acts as the electron transfer layer (ETL) and light absorption strengthening layer at the same time. Due to the combined effects, the increased contacting area increased the fill factor (FF) and enhanced light trapping in the grating layer increased the short-current density, the average PCE of IOP based SCs has increased from 5.67% to 7.58%, which is a ca. 34% increase relatively. Furthermore, research on traditional HOIP-based SCs is also conducted. Interestingly, the increasing PCE mechanism is quite different from their inorganic counterparts, which should be attributed to the strain effect of different film structures. Thus, the strain-induced defect charge-state transitions of MAPbI3 by the grating layer increased the open-circuit voltage (Voc); and similarly, the increased contacting area also increased the FF, resulting in a 13% increase for PCE.
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Tang W, Xu Z, Ji P, Feng Z, Xu C, Jiang J, Yang X, Cai H, Zhang F, Wu X. Metal element doping in Cs(Pb1 − DE)Br3 for solar cell materials. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Gao P, Cui Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Cheng H, Liu Y, Li Q, Huang B, Wang P. In Situ Preparation of CsPbBr
3
@CsPb
2
Br
5
Composite Assisted with Water as a Highly Efficient and Stable Catalyst for Photothermal CO
2
Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201095. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Zihao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Yaqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Qing Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatalogy Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration Jinan Shandong China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University 250100 Jinan China
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Zhao X, Xu C, Wang X, Guo J, Wu M. Construction of multilevel network structured carbon nanofiber counter electrode and back interface engineering in all inorganic HTL–free perovskite solar cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Luo X, Li Y, Qiu Q, Xie T. Selection, Preparation and Application of Quantum Dots in Perovskite Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169482. [PMID: 36012746 PMCID: PMC9409050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the third generation of new thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention for their excellent photovoltaic performance. Today, PSCs have reported the highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5%, which is an encouraging value, very close to the highest PCE of the most widely used silicon-based solar cells. However, scholars have found that PSCs have problems of being easily decomposed under ultraviolet (UV) light, poor stability, energy level mismatch and severe hysteresis, which greatly limit their industrialization. As unique materials, quantum dots (QDs) have many excellent properties and have been widely used in PSCs to address the issues mentioned above. In this article, we describe the application of various QDs as additives in different layers of PSCs, as luminescent down-shifting materials, and directly as electron transport layers (ETL), light-absorbing layers and hole transport layers (HTL). The addition of QDs optimizes the energy level arrangement within the device, expands the range of light utilization, passivates defects on the surface of the perovskite film and promotes electron and hole transport, resulting in significant improvements in both PCE and stability. We summarize in detail the role of QDs in PSCs, analyze the perspective and associated issues of QDs in PSCs, and finally offer our insights into the future direction of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankai Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiayan Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xingrui Luo
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qingqing Qiu
- Engineering Research Center for Hydrogen Energy Materials and Devices, College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 86 Hong Qi Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tengfeng Xie
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Piotrowski M, Han X, Ge Z, Dong L, Wang C, Pinisetty SK, Balguri PK, Bandela AK, Thumu U. Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskites: Optically Active Crystal Phase Stability to Surface Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081318. [PMID: 36014240 PMCID: PMC9414704 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among perovskites, the research on cesium lead iodides (CsPbI3) has attracted a large research community, owing to their all-inorganic nature and promising solar cell performance. Typically, the CsPbI3 solar cell devices are prepared at various heterojunctions, and working at fluctuating temperatures raises questions on the material stability-related performance of such devices. The fundamental studies reveal that their poor stability is due to a lower side deviation from Goldschmidt's tolerance factor, causing weak chemical interactions within the crystal lattice. In the case of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, where their stability is related to the inherent chemical nature of the organic cations, which cannot be manipulated to improve the stability drastically whereas the stability of CsPbI3 is related to surface and lattice engineering. Thus, the challenges posed by CsPbI3 could be overcome by engineering the surface and inside the CsPbI3 crystal lattice. A few solutions have been proposed, including controlled crystal sizes, surface modifications, and lattice engineering. Various research groups have been working on these aspects and had accumulated a rich understanding of these materials. In this review, at first, we survey the fundamental aspects of CsPbI3 polymorphs structure, highlighting the superiority of CsPbI3 over other halide systems, stability, the factors (temperature, polarity, and size influence) leading to their phase transformations, and electronic band structure along with the important property of the defect tolerance nature. Fortunately, the factors stabilizing the most effective phases are achieved through a size reduction and the efficient surface passivation on the delicate CsPbI3 nanocrystal surfaces. In the following section, we have provided the up-to-date surface passivating methods to suppress the non-radiative process for near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, while maintaining their optically active phases, especially through molecular links (ligands, polymers, zwitterions, polymers) and inorganic halides. We have also provided recent advances to the efficient synthetic protocols for optically active CsPbI3 NC phases to use readily for solar cell applications. The nanocrystal purification techniques are challenging and had a significant effect on the device performances. In part, we summarized the CsPbI3-related solar cell device performances with respect to the device fabrication methods. At the end, we provide a brief outlook on the view of surface and lattice engineering in CsPbI3 NCs for advancing the enhanced stability which is crucial for superior optical and light applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Marek Piotrowski
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhongsheng Ge
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Lizhuang Dong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Chengjie Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Sowjanya Krishna Pinisetty
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Praveen Kumar Balguri
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad 500043, India
| | - Anil Kumar Bandela
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (U.T.)
| | - Udayabhaskararao Thumu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Correspondence: (A.K.B.); (U.T.)
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12
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Gong Y, Ye F, Zhu Q, Yan W, Shen J, Xue KH, Zhu Y, Li C. Highly stable halide perovskites for photocatalysis via multi-dimensional structure design and in situ phase transition. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11316-11324. [PMID: 35833651 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01639g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) possess several desirable features which enable them to be promising candidates for photocatalysis. However, the instability caused by their inherent liquid-like ionic properties hampers their further development. Herein, this work employs the surficial molecular modification strategy and a multi-dimensional structure design to ease the instability issue. The additive 2-phenylethanamine bromide (PEABr) can serve as a ligand to compensate for stripping the amine ligands and passivate the surficial bromide vacancy defects of CsPbBr3 QDs in photocatalysis. In addition, PEABr acts as a reactant to form 2D and quasi-2D perovskite nanosheets. The addition of a small amount of these nanosheets into QDs can enhance their general stability due to their unique layered structures. Moreover, PEABr can trigger the phase transition of cubic CsPbBr3 into tetragonal CsPb2Br5. The newly formed Z-scheme homologous heterojunctions further improve the catalytic performance. Simulated photocatalytic dynamics reveals that our multi-dimensional structure favors decreasing the reaction barrier energy and then facilitating the photocatalytic reaction. Therefore, the electron consumption rate of our multi-dimensional perovskites doubles that of pristine CsPbBr3 QDs and also has superior long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Gong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Fan Ye
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Kan-Hao Xue
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Chi W, Banerjee SK. Application of Perovskite Quantum Dots as an Absorber in Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Chi
- Microelectronics Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 USA
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Microelectronics Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 USA
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14
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Zhu J, He B, Yao X, Chen H, Duan Y, Duan J, Tang Q. Phase Control of Cs-Pb-Br Derivatives to Suppress 0D Cs 4 PbBr 6 for High-Efficiency and Stable All-Inorganic CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106323. [PMID: 34898006 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The precise phase control of Cs-Pb-Br derivatives from 3D CsPbBr3 to 0D Cs4 PbBr6 highly determines the photovoltaic performance of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the preferred phase conversion from precursor to Cs-Pb-Br derivatives is revealed by theoretically calculating the Gibbs free energies (∆G) of various phase conversion processes, allowing for a simplified multi-step solution-processable spin-coating method to hinder the formation of detrimental 0D Cs4 PbBr6 phase and enhance the photovoltaic performance of a PSC because of its large exciton binding energy, which is regarded as a recombination center. By further accelerating the interfacial charge extraction with a novel 2D transition metal dichalcogenide ReSe2 , the hole-free CsPbBr3 PSC achieves a champion efficiency of 10.67% with an impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.622 V and an excellent long-term stability. This work provides an in-depth understanding on the precise Cs-Pb-Br perovskite phase control and the effect of derivatives on photovoltaic performance of advanced CsPbBr3 PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Benlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Duan
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jialong Duan
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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15
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Zhang Z, Ba Y, Chen D, Ma J, Zhu W, Xi H, Chen D, Zhang J, Zhang C, Hao Y. Generic water-based spray-assisted growth for scalable high-efficiency carbon-electrode all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. iScience 2021; 24:103365. [PMID: 34805804 PMCID: PMC8590078 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-based spray-assisted growth strategy is proposed to prepare large-area all-inorganic perovskite films for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which involves in spraying of cesium halide water solution onto spin-coating-deposited lead halide films, followed by thermal annealing. With CsPbBr3 as an example, we show that as-proposed growth strategy can enable the films with uniform surface, full coverage, pure phase, large grains, and high crystallinity, which primarily benefits from the controllable CsBr loading quantity, and the use of water as CsBr solvent makes the reaction between CsBr and PbBr2 immune to PbBr2 film microstructure. As a result, the small-area (0.09 cm2) and large-area (1.00 cm2) carbon-electrode CsPbBr3 PSCs yield the record-high efficiencies of 10.22% and 8.21%, respectively, coupled with excellent operational stability. We also illustrate that the water-based spray-assisted deposition strategy is suitable to prepare CsPbCl3, CsPbIBr2, and CsPbI2Br films with outstanding efficiencies of 1.27%, 10.44%, and 13.30%, respectively, for carbon-electrode PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Yanshuang Ba
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Dandan Chen
- College of Science, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, PR China
| | - Junxiao Ma
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - He Xi
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Dazheng Chen
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology & Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, PR China
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16
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Study of Construction and Performance on Photoelectric Devices of Cs-Pb-Br Perovskite Quantum Dot. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216716. [PMID: 34772246 PMCID: PMC8587011 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
White LEDs were encapsulated using Cs4PbBr6 quantum dots and Gd2O3:Eu red phosphor as lamp powder. Under the excitation of a GaN chip, the color coordinates of the W-LED were (0.33, 0.34), and the color temperature was 5752 K, which is close to the color coordinate and color temperature range of standard sunlight. The electric current stability was excellent with an increase in the electric current, voltage, and luminescence intensity of the quantum dots and phosphors by more than 10 times. However, the stability of the quantum dots was slightly insufficient over long working periods. The photocatalytic devices were constructed using TiO2, CsPbBr3, and NiO as an electron transport layer, light absorption layer, and catalyst, respectively. The Cs–Pb–Br-based perovskite quantum dot photocatalytic devices were constructed using a two-step spin coating method, one-step spin coating method, and full PLD technology. In order to improve the water stability of the device, a hydrophobic carbon paste and carbon film were selected as the hole transport layer. The TiO2 layer and perovskite layer with different thicknesses and film forming qualities were obtained by changing the spin coating speed. The influence of the spin coating speed on the device’s performance was explored through SEM and a J–V curve to find the best spin coating process. The device constructed by the two-step spin coating method had a higher current density but no obvious increase in the current density under light, while the other two methods could obtain a more obvious light response, but the current density was very low.
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17
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Chi W, Banerjee S. Application of Perovskite Quantum Dots as Absorber for Perovskite Solar Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112412. [PMID: 34729885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) preserve the attractive properties of perovskite bulk materials and present additional advantages, owing to their quantum confinement effect, leading to their applicability as an absorber in perovskite solar cells. In this article, the issues and advantages of perovskite QDs are analyzed in terms of purification, device fabrication with perovskite QDs, light absorption, charge transport and stability. In addition, promising strategies to enhance perovskite QDs and QD-based solar cells are elucidated based on exchange chemistry (ion and ligand exchange), passivation engineering (ion and ligand passivation) and structure engineering (conventional/inverted, planar/mesoscopic and dimensionally graded structures). All these discussions will give a clue to the further development of perovskite QDs and thus the advancement of QD-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Chi
- The University of Texas at Austin, Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 78758, Austin, UNITED STATES
| | - Sanjay Banerjee
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Microelectronics Research Center, 78758, Austin, UNITED STATES
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18
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Liu D, Peng H, Sa R. The structural, electronic and optical properties of all-inorganic CsPb1−Sn Br3 perovskite: A theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Ezzeldien M, Al-Qaisi S, Alrowaili ZA, Alzaid M, Maskar E, Es-Smairi A, Vu TV, Rai DP. Electronic and optical properties of bulk and surface of CsPbBr 3 inorganic halide perovskite a first principles DFT 1/2 approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20622. [PMID: 34663843 PMCID: PMC8523715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to test the effectiveness of newly developed DFT-1/2 functional in calculating the electronic and optical properties of inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbBr3. Herein, from DFT-1/2 we have obtained the direct band gap of 2.36 eV and 3.82 eV for orthorhombic bulk and 001-surface, respectively. The calculated energy band gap is in qualitative agreement with the experimental findings. The bandgap of ultra-thin film of CsPbBr3 is found to be 3.82 eV, which is more than the expected range 1.23-3.10 eV. However, we have found that the bandgap can be reduced by increasing the surface thickness. Thus, the system under investigation looks promising for optoelectronic and photocatalysis applications, due to the bandgap matching and high optical absorption in UV-Vis (Ultra violet and visible spectrum) range of electro-magnetic(em) radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ezzeldien
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Al-Qaisi
- Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Z A Alrowaili
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alzaid
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Maskar
- Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology Unit, E. N. S. Rabat, Energy Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Es-Smairi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matters and Renewables Energies, Hassan II University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, B.P 146, 20650, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Tuan V Vu
- Division of Computational Physics, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - D P Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Department of Physics, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India.
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20
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Zhou Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yang H, Liang X, Xia W, Xiang W. Highly Photoluminescent CsPbBr 3/CsPb 2Br 5 NCs@TEOS Nanocomposite in Light-Emitting Diodes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3814-3822. [PMID: 33570916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
All-inorganic halide perovskite (CsPb2Br5) nanocrystals (NCs) have received widespread attention owing to their unique photoelectric properties. This work reports a novel strategy to control the phase transition from CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 and investigates the effects of different treatment times and treatment temperatures on perovskite NCs formation. By controlling the volume of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) added, the formation of different phases of perovskite powder can be well controlled. In addition, a white light-emitting diode (WLED) device is designed by coupling the CsPbBr3/CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 NCs@TEOS nanocomposite and CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ commercial phosphor with a 460 nm InGaN blue chip, exhibiting a high luminous efficiency of 57.65 lm/W, color rendering index (CRI) of 91, and a low CCT of 5334 K. The CIE chromaticity coordinates are (0.3363, 0.3419). This work provides a new strategy for the synthesis of CsPbBr3/CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 NCs@TEOS nanocomposite, which can be applied to the field of WLEDs and display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haisheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Weidong Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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21
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Guo L, Liu M, Lei Y, Mi L, Zheng Z. Fabrication of single phase CsPbBr 3 films via in situ metal reaction. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed an in situ metal reaction strategy to fabricate single phase CsPbBr3 films by reacting Pb precursors with a mixture of CsBr and HBr. The purity of the CsPbBr3 film can be controlled by tuning the thickness of sputtered Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Guo
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- China
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis
| | - Manying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis
- Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Xuchang University
| | - Yan Lei
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis
- Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Xuchang University
| | - Liwei Mi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research
- Zhongyuan University of Technology
- China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Storage and Conversion Materials of Henan Province
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis
- Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials
- College of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Xuchang University
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22
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Abstract
Bromide-based metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising photocatalysts with strong blue-green light absorption. Composite photocatalysts of MHPs with MIL-100(Fe), as a powerful photocatalyst itself, have been investigated to extend the responsiveness towards red light. The composites, with a high specific surface area, display an enhanced solar light response, and the improved charge carrier separation in the heterojunctions is employed to maximize the photocatalytic performance. Optimization of the relative composition, with the formation of a dual-phase CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 perovskite composite, shows an excellent photocatalytic performance with 20.4 μmol CO produced per gram of photocatalyst during one hour of visible light irradiation.
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23
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Zhou D, Huang J, Yan H, Zhang J, Lu L, Xu P, Li G. Luminescent, Wide-Band Gap Solar Cells with a Photovoltage up to 1.75 V through a Heterostructured Light-Absorbing Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50527-50533. [PMID: 33140637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of photovoltaic devices with a high output voltage offers great opportunities for emerging internet of things (IoT) sensors and low-power-consumption electronics. However, the photovoltage of solar cells is yet to satisfy the requirement of driving voltage for most applications. Here, we demonstrate a wide-band gap CsPbBr3-based solar cell with a heterostructured light absorber based on amino acid-modulated CsPbBr3 and CdSe quantum dots (QDs). Compared with the single absorbing layer device, the heterostructured device exhibits a low nonradiative recombination loss, which is strongly correlated to the high external electroluminescence of the device. In addition, in the heterostructured solar cells, carrier transfer from the perovskite to CdSe QDs induces the conduction band bending of CdSe QDs, leading to a large splitting of the quasi-Fermi levels. As a result, a remarkable photovoltage up to 1.75 V is achieved for the wide-band gap solar cells, representing an extremely low voltage deficit of 250 mV. Furthermore, the CsPbBr3-based solar cells exhibit a weak light intensity dependence, showing a photovoltage of 1.59 V under room light conditions. Our work not only provides an effective approach for the design of high-photovoltage solar cells but also paves the ways of using photovoltaic devices for various applications with low driving voltage schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjian Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jincheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Huibo Yan
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lei Lu
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Guijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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Wang X, Abbasi S, Zhang D, Wang J, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Liu H, Shen W. Electrochemical Deposition of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite for Photovoltaic Devices with Robust Ambient Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50455-50463. [PMID: 33119262 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkali halide perovskites have emerged as representative candidates for novel opto-electronic devices owing to their balanced efficiency and stability. However, their fabrication method still remains a challenging topic with conflicts among their effectiveness, complexity, and cost. Herein, a complete two-step electrochemical method has been applied in the fabrication of inorganic perovskites for the first time. The dimension and microstructure of CsPbBr3 can be easily controlled by variation of simple physical parameters during the fabrication. By optimizing the parameters, high-quality CsPbBr3 films are obtained, and the champion device has achieved an efficiency of 7.86% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.43 V. More importantly, the as-fabricated materials have shown an extraordinary robust stability against environmental conditions even after 150 days of exposure to air without encapsulation. This has evidently proved the electrochemical methods as an effective route for perovskite synthesis in its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sadeq Abbasi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dezhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yangrunqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Institute of Solar Energy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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25
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Ghaithan HM, Alahmed ZA, Qaid SMH, Aldwayyan AS. Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of CsPb(Br 1-xCl x) 3 Perovskite: First-Principles Study with PBE-GGA and mBJ-GGA Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4944. [PMID: 33153239 PMCID: PMC7662594 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of halide composition on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskite was investigated in this study. When the chloride (Cl) content of x was increased, the unit cell volume decreased with a linear function. Theoretical X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the peak (at 2θ = 30.4°) shifts to a larger angle (at 2θ = 31.9°) when the average fraction of the incorporated Cl increased. The energy bandgap (Eg) was observed to increase with the increase in Cl concentration. For x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.66, 0.75, and 1.00, the Eg values calculated using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof potential were between 1.53 and 1.93 eV, while those calculated using the modified Becke-Johnson generalized gradient approximation (mBJ-GGA) potential were between 2.23 and 2.90 eV. The Eg calculated using the mBJ-GGA method best matched the experimental values reported. The effective masses decreased with a concentration increase of Cl to 0.33 and then increased with a further increase in the concentration of Cl. Calculated photoabsorption coefficients show a blue shift of absorption at higher Cl content. The calculations indicate that CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskite could be used in optical and optoelectronic devices by partly replacing bromide with chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeyad. A. Alahmed
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, P.O. Box 2022, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Lee EJ, Kim DH, Hwang DK. Effect of embedded chalcogenide quantum dots in PbBr2 film on CsPbBr3 inorganic perovskite solar cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Cheng R, Jin H, Roeffaers MBJ, Hofkens J, Debroye E. Incorporation of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites into g-C 3N 4 for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24495-24503. [PMID: 33015466 PMCID: PMC7528323 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CsPbBr3 perovskite-based composites so far have been synthesized by postdeposition of CsPbBr3 on a parent material. However, in situ construction offers enhanced surface contact, better activity, and improved stability. Instead of applying a typical thermal condensation at highly elevated temperatures, we report for the first time CsPb(Br x Cl1-x )3/graphitic-C3N4 (CsPbX3/g-C3N4) composites synthesized by a simple and mild solvothermal route, with enhanced efficacy in visible-light-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The composite exhibited a CO production rate of 28.5 μmol g-1 h-1 at an optimized loading amount of g-C3N4. This rate is about five times those of pure g-C3N4 and CsPbBr3. This work reports a new in situ approach for constructing perovskite-based heterostructure photocatalysts with enhanced light-harvesting ability and improved solar energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Handong Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre
for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for
Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Wang JK, Hou HY, Li YQ, Tang JX. Recent advances in interface engineering of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17149-17164. [PMID: 32789411 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become one of the most attractive research fields in recent years due to their excellent thermal stability and light stability as compared with their organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, there is still a long way to go for their commercial application due to their low efficiency and poor stability under humidity conditions. Herein, an overview of the recent progress of all-inorganic PSCs based on interface engineering is provided. The main roles of interface engineering, adjusting energy-level alignment, enhancing charge transport capacity, passivating interface defects, modulating morphology of perovskite films, stabilizing perovskite phase, broadening spectral absorption, eliminating electrical hysteresis and enhancing operational stability, are summarized with examples, which paves the way for highly efficient and stable all-inorganic PSCs. Some of the latest progress in incorporating dopants to charge transport materials and modifying interface properties in all-inorganic PSCs are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Kun Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Ministry of Education Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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29
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Zhang W, Liu X, He B, Zhu J, Li X, Shen K, Chen H, Duan Y, Tang Q. Enhanced Efficiency of Air-Stable CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells by Defect Dual Passivation and Grain Size Enlargement with a Multifunctional Additive. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36092-36101. [PMID: 32663398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) with outstanding environmental stability and low preparation cost are regarded as one of the most promising photovoltaic devices for commercial applications. However, the performance of CsPbBr3 PSCs can be badly deteriorated by the intense charge recombination arising from the ionic defects at the grain boundaries of perovskite film. To cope with this issue, we adopt an amino acid of l-lysine with two amino and one carboxyl groups as a chemical additive to incorporate into perovskite film to simultaneously anchor the uncoordinated Pb2+ (Cs+) and halogen ion defects. Further, the grain size of CsPbBr3 perovskite is boosted from 688 to over 1000 nm after l-lysine incorporation as a result of the decreased nucleation rate and the sufficient growth of perovskite, which effectively reduce the grain boundaries for load defects. As expected, the optimized device achieves a best power conversion efficiency of 9.69% attributed to the remarkably reduced charge recombination and enhanced charge extraction arising from the efficient defects dual-passivation and enlarged grain size of perovskite film as well as the improved energy level alignment at the device interface after the introduction of l-lysine, which is elevated by 61.23% in comparison to 6.01% efficiency of the pristine one. Moreover, the unencapsulated device with l-lysine incorporation exhibits remarkable long-term stability in air with 80% RH at 25 °C and 0% RH at 80 °C as well as under continuous illumination conditions. This work provides an effective multifunctional additive for imperfection passivation and grain size enlargement of perovskite to build PSCs with high efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Benlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Xueke Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiang Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Duan
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
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30
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Ramírez D, Riveros G, Díaz P, Verdugo J, Núñez G, Lizama S, Lazo P, Dalchiele EA, Gau DL, Marotti RE, Anta JA, Contreras‐Bernal L, Riquelme A, Idigoras J. Electrochemically Assisted Growth of CsPbBr
3
‐Based Solar Cells Without Selective Contacts. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramírez
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Gonzalo Riveros
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Patricia Díaz
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Javier Verdugo
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Gerard Núñez
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Susy Lizama
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Pamela Lazo
- Instituto de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Valparaíso Avenida Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha Valparaíso Chile
| | - Enrique A. Dalchiele
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, C.C. 30 11000 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Daniel L. Gau
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, C.C. 30 11000 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Ricardo E. Marotti
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de la República Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, C.C. 30 11000 Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Juan A. Anta
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - Lidia Contreras‐Bernal
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - Antonio Riquelme
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide 41013 Sevilla Spain
| | - Jesús Idigoras
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales Universidad Pablo de Olavide 41013 Sevilla Spain
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31
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Huang ZP, Ma B, Wang H, Li N, Liu RT, Zhang ZQ, Zhang XD, Zhao JH, Zheng PZ, Wang Q, Zhang HL. In Situ Growth of 3D/2D (CsPbBr 3/CsPb 2Br 5) Perovskite Heterojunctions toward Optoelectronic Devices. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6007-6015. [PMID: 32628484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) CsPb2Br5 exhibits intriguing functions in enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices in terms of environmental stability and luminescence properties when composited with other perovskites in different dimensionalities. We built a type I three-dimensional (3D) CsPbBr3/2D CsPb2Br5 heterojunction through phase transition where CsPbBr3 quantum dots in situ grew into 2D CsPb2Br5. A thorough growth mechanism study in combination with excited state dynamic investigations via femtosecond spectroscopy and first-principles calculations revealed that the type I hierarchy enhanced the stability of the heterojunction and spurred its luminous quantum yield by prolonging the lifetime of photogenerated carriers. Mixing the heterojunction with other phosphors yielded white-light-emitting diodes with a color rendering index of 94%. The work thus not only offered one new avenue for building heterojunctions by using the "soft crystal" nature of perovskites but also disentangled the enhanced luminescence mechanism of the heterojunction that can be harnessed for promising applications in the luminescence and display fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ze-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials Behavior and Evaluation Technology in Space Environment, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ji-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pei-Zhu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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32
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Meng X, Chi K, Li Q, Cao Y, Song G, Liu B, Yang H, Fu W. Interfacial Modification of Mesoporous TiO 2 Films with PbI 2-Ethanolamine-Dimethyl Sulfoxide Solution for CsPbIBr 2 Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050962. [PMID: 32443581 PMCID: PMC7325578 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most frequently-used electron-transporting materials, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO2) film used in mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be employed for the scaffold of the perovskite film and as a pathway for electron transport, and the contact area between the perovskite and m-TiO2 directly determines the comprehensive performance of the PSCs. Because of the substandard interface combining quality between the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr2 and m-TiO2, the development of the mesoporous structured CsPbIBr2 PSCs synthesized by the one-step method is severely limited. Here, we used a solution containing PbI2, monoethanolamine (EA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (PED) as the interfacial modifier to enhance the contact area and modify the m-TiO2/CsPbIBr2 contact characteristics. Comparatively, the performance of the solar device based on the PED-modified m-TiO2 layer has improved considerably, and its power conversion efficiency is up to 6.39%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Kailin Chi
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (K.C.); (G.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China;
| | - Gengxin Song
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (K.C.); (G.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bao Liu
- School of Science, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China; (K.C.); (G.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Haibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.M.); (H.Y.)
| | - Wuyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.M.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8516-8763-801; Fax: +86-431-8516-8763-801
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33
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Zhu J, He B, Gong Z, Ding Y, Zhang W, Li X, Zong Z, Chen H, Tang Q. Grain Enlargement and Defect Passivation with Melamine Additives for High Efficiency and Stable CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1834-1843. [PMID: 31971332 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of high-quality perovskite films with low grain boundaries and defect states is a prerequisite for achieving high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with good environmental stability. An effective additive engineering strategy has been developed for simultaneous defect passivation and crystal growth of CsPbBr3 perovskite films by introducing 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine (melamine) into the PbBr2 precursor solution. The resultant melamine-PbBr2 film has a loose, large-grained structure and decreased crystallinity, which has a positive effect on the crystallization process of the perovskite as it retards the crystallization rate as a result of the interaction between melamine and lead ions. Additionally, the passivation by melamine gives a high-quality CsPbBr3 perovskite film with fewer grain boundaries, lower defect densities, and better energy level matching is achieved by multistep liquid-phase spin-coating, which greatly suppresses the nonradiative recombination resulting from the defects and promotes charge extraction at the interface. A champion power conversion efficiency as high as 9.65 % with a promising open-circuit voltage of 1.584 V is achieved for PSCs with an architecture of fluorine-doped tin oxide/c-TiO2 /m-TiO2 /melamine-added CsPbBr3 /carbon-based hole-transporting layer. Furthermore, the unencapsulated melamine-added CsPbBr3 PSC shows superior thermal and humidity stability in ambient air at 85 °C or 85 % relative humidity over 720 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Benlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Zekun Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Xueke Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
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34
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Zhang W, Liu X, He B, Gong Z, Zhu J, Ding Y, Chen H, Tang Q. Interface Engineering of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids toward Efficient and Stable CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4540-4548. [PMID: 31904210 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The defect passivation of perovskite films is an efficacious way to further boost the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride ([BMMIm]Cl) are used as a modification layer in perovskite films in carbon-based CsPbBr3 PSCs without a hole-transporting material (HTM) for passivating the surface defects. The preliminary results demonstrate that the [BMMIm]Cl modifier passivates the surface defects of the perovskite film and reduces the valence band of perovskite close to the work function of the carbon electrode, which causes a remarkably inhibited nonradiative and radiative charge recombination, improved energy-level matching, and decreased energy loss. After optimization, a champion efficiency of 9.92% with a Voc as high as 1.61 V is achieved for the [BMMIm]Cl tailored carbon-based CsPbBr3 PSC without HTM, which is improved by 61.3% in comparison with 6.15% for the control device. Furthermore, the encapsulation-free PSC presents good long-term stability after storage in an air atmosphere with 70% RH at 20 °C or 0% RH at 80 °C as well as under continuous illumination conditions for 30 days. The significantly improved PCE and stability in high humidity or temperature suggest that the perovskite passivation by ILs is an effective strategy for fabricating high-PCE and stable PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Benlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Zekun Gong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , 238 Songling Road , Qingdao 266100 , P. R. China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Information Science and Technology , Jinan University , 601 Huangpu Avenue West , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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35
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Su G, He B, Gong Z, Ding Y, Duan J, Zhao Y, Chen H, Tang Q. Enhanced charge extraction in carbon-based all-inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells by dual-function interface engineering. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Zuo L, Shi X, Fu W, Jen AKY. Highly Efficient Semitransparent Solar Cells with Selective Absorption and Tandem Architecture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901683. [PMID: 31342575 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent (ST) photovoltaics (PVs) with selective absorption in the UV or/and near-infrared (NIR) range(s) and reduced energy losses, are critical for high-efficiency solar-window applications. Here, a high-performance tandem ST-PV with selected absorption in the desirable regions of the solar spectrum is demonstrated. An ultralarge-bandgap perovskite film (FAPbBr2.43 Cl0.57 , Eg ≈ 2.36 eV) is first developed to fulfil efficient selective absorption in the UV region. After optimization, the corresponding ST single junction (SJ) PV exhibits an averaged transmittance (AVT) of ≈68% and an efficiency of ≈7.5%. By sequentially reducing the visible absorbing component in a low-bandgap organic bulk-heterojunction layer, an ST-PV with selective absorption in the NIR is achieved with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.9% and a high AVT of 62%. The energy loss associated with the SJ ST-PVs is further reduced with a tandem architecture, which affords a high PCE of 10.7%, an AVT of 52.91%, and a light utilization efficiency up to 5.66%. These results represent the best balance of AVT and PCE among all ST-PVs reported so far, and this design should pave the road for solar windows of high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Weifei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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37
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Pourdavoud N, Haeger T, Mayer A, Cegielski PJ, Giesecke AL, Heiderhoff R, Olthof S, Zaefferer S, Shutsko I, Henkel A, Becker-Koch D, Stein M, Cehovski M, Charfi O, Johannes HH, Rogalla D, Lemme MC, Koch M, Vaynzof Y, Meerholz K, Kowalsky W, Scheer HC, Görrn P, Riedl T. Room-Temperature Stimulated Emission and Lasing in Recrystallized Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Thin Films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903717. [PMID: 31402527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskites are of interest for light-emitting diodes and lasers. So far, thin-films of CsPbX3 have typically afforded very low photoluminescence quantum yields (PL-QY < 20%) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) only at cryogenic temperatures, as defect related nonradiative recombination dominated at room temperature (RT). There is a current belief that, for efficient light emission from lead halide perovskites at RT, the charge carriers/excitons need to be confined on the nanometer scale, like in CsPbX3 nanoparticles (NPs). Here, thin films of cesium lead bromide, which show a high PL-QY of 68% and low-threshold ASE at RT, are presented. As-deposited layers are recrystallized by thermal imprint, which results in continuous films (100% coverage of the substrate), composed of large crystals with micrometer lateral extension. Using these layers, the first cesium lead bromide thin-film distributed feedback and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with ultralow threshold at RT that do not rely on the use of NPs are demonstrated. It is foreseen that these results will have a broader impact beyond perovskite lasers and will advise a revision of the paradigm that efficient light emission from CsPbX3 perovskites can only be achieved with NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Pourdavoud
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias Haeger
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andre Mayer
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Piotr Jacek Cegielski
- AMO GmbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Lehrstuhl für Elektronische Bauelemente, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Heiderhoff
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Selina Olthof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Zaefferer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivan Shutsko
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Henkel
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Stein
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marko Cehovski
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ouacef Charfi
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Johannes
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Rogalla
- RUBION, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Max Christian Lemme
- AMO GmbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Lehrstuhl für Elektronische Bauelemente, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kowalsky
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella-Christin Scheer
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Patrick Görrn
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedl
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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Zhang J, Hodes G, Jin Z, Liu S(F. All‐Inorganic CsPbX
3
Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15596-15618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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39
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Zhang J, Hodes G, Jin Z, Liu S(F. Anorganische CsPbX
3
‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen: Fortschritte und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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40
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Liu M, Zhang H, Gedamu D, Fourmont P, Rekola H, Hiltunen A, Cloutier SG, Nechache R, Priimagi A, Vivo P. Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Next-Generation Optoelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900801. [PMID: 31012274 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) combine the outstanding optoelectronic properties of bulk perovskites with strong quantum confinement effects at the nanoscale. Their facile and low-cost synthesis, together with superior photoluminescence quantum yields and exceptional optical versatility, make PNCs promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronics. However, this field is still in its early infancy and not yet ready for commercialization due to several open challenges to be addressed, such as toxicity and stability. Here, the key synthesis strategies and the tunable optical properties of PNCs are discussed. The photophysical underpinnings of PNCs, in correlation with recent developments of PNC-based optoelectronic devices, are especially highlighted. The final goal is to outline a theoretical scaffold for the design of high-performance devices that can at the same time address the commercialization challenges of PNC-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maning Liu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Haichang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, P. R. China
| | - Dawit Gedamu
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Department of Electrical Engineering, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Paul Fourmont
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Department of Electrical Engineering, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Heikki Rekola
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arto Hiltunen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sylvain G Cloutier
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Department of Electrical Engineering, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Riad Nechache
- École de Technologie Supérieure, Department of Electrical Engineering, 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paola Vivo
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland
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41
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Liang L, Liu M, Jin Z, Wang Q, Wang H, Bian H, Shi F, Liu S. Optical Management with Nanoparticles for a Light Conversion Efficiency Enhancement in Inorganic γ-CsPbI 3 Solar Cells. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1796-1804. [PMID: 30803239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, γ-CsPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown potential applications in optoelectronic devices, due to their high thermal stability. However, the incomplete utilization of the solar spectra especially in the near-infrared (ca. 46%) range significantly limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, core-shell-structured NaLuF4:Yb,Er@NaLuF4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been successfully synthesized and integrated into the hole transport layer for improving PCE in γ-CsPbI3 PSCs. Compared with the reference one, the short-circuit current density ( JSC) and PCE of the optimized device reached up to 19.17 mA/cm2 (18.81 mA/cm2) and 15.86% (15.51%), respectively. Actually, due to the ultralow photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY, < 1%) obtained in UCNPs now, we proved the generally recognized upconversion effect of UCNPs in solar cells (adjusting the light absorption edge from the visible toward NIR range for extending the spectral absorption) was negligible. A further study found the UCNPs in the PSCs primarily served as scattering centers, which is beneficial to extend the sunlight optical path by combining with scattering and reflecting sunlight, leading to producing more photoelectric current. This study suggests a new insight into understanding the underlying mechanism of UCNPs in the PSCs and provides a promising strategy via light scattering effect to enhance the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , People's Republic of China
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42
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Acharyya P, Pal P, Samanta PK, Sarkar A, Pati SK, Biswas K. Single pot synthesis of indirect band gap 2D CsPb 2Br 5 nanosheets from direct band gap 3D CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals and the origin of their luminescence properties. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:4001-4007. [PMID: 30768107 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09349k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites recently attracted significant interest due to their unique and novel optoelectronic properties. CsPb2Br5, a 2D inorganic perovskite halide, is an indirect band gap semiconductor, and hence it is not supposed to be luminescent. However, a fundamental understanding of the origin of its luminescence properties is still lacking as there are contradictory literature reports present concerning its luminescence properties. Here, we demonstrate a single pot solution based transformation of 2D CsPb2Br5 nanosheets from the nanocrystals of 3D CsPbBr3 and investigate the origin of its luminescence properties by detailed experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The photoluminescence of CsPb2Br5 originates from the different amorphous lead bromide ammonium complexes which are present at the surface of the nanosheets. We have also highlighted the formation mechanism of 2D nanosheets from 3D CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. These combined theoretical and experimental studies offer significant insights into the optical properties and formation mechanism of 2D CsPb2Br5 perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paribesh Acharyya
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore 560064, India.
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43
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Zhang T, Wang F, Zhang P, Wang Y, Chen H, Li J, Wu J, Chen L, Chen ZD, Li S. Low-temperature processed inorganic perovskites for flexible detectors with a broadband photoresponse. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2871-2877. [PMID: 30681687 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Flexible photodetectors (PDs) have become a research hotspot due to their potential applications in foldable displays, wearable optoelectronic devices, and implantable biomedical sensors. Inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskites, an emerging class of stable metal halide perovskites, have been explored as photoactive materials in PDs due to their superior photoelectrical properties and simple processing. The reported temperature for the fabrication of high-quality CsPbBr3 films is usually higher than 150 °C, which hinders their application in flexible devices. Here, for the first time, high-performance flexible PDs based on CsPbBr3 perovskite films, which showed a broadband spectrum response from blind ultraviolet to visible light, were realized via a modified low-temperature (70 °C) solution-processed method. The perovskite films prepared by this method exhibited improved morphology and high light-harvesting capability. The device also yielded high ON/OFF ratio (103), fast response speed (260 ms, rise time) and high responsivity (0.24 mA W-1) for solar-blind UV light (254 nm) at 2 V. Moreover, the photodetector exhibited outstanding mechanical flexibility and long-term environmental stability for two months without encapsulation. Our work paves the way for the realization of cost-efficient high-performance flexible optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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44
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Wei Y, Cheng Z, Lin J. An overview on enhancing the stability of lead halide perovskite quantum dots and their applications in phosphor-converted LEDs. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:310-350. [PMID: 30465675 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00740c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the unprecedented success achieved in photovoltaics (PVs), lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have shown great potential in other optoelectronic devices. Among them, nanometer-scale perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with fascinating optical properties including high brightness, tunable emission wavelength, high color purity, and high defect tolerance have been regarded as promising alternative down-conversion materials in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) for lighting and next-generation of display technology. Despite the promising applications of perovskite materials in various fields, they have received strong criticism for the lack of stability. The poor stability has also attracted much attention. Within a few years, numerous strategies towards enhancing the stability have been developed. This review summarizes the mechanisms of intrinsic- and extrinsic-environment-induced decomposition of PQDs. Simultaneously, the strategies for improving the stability of PQDs are reviewed in detail, which can be classified into four types: (1) compositional engineering; (2) surface engineering; (3) matrix encapsulation; (4) device encapsulation. Finally, the challenges for applying PQDs in pc-LEDs are highlighted, and some possible solutions to improve the stability of PQDs together with suggestions for further improving the performance of pc-LEDs as well as the device lifetime are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
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45
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Liashenko TG, Cherotchenko ED, Pushkarev AP, Pakštas V, Naujokaitis A, Khubezhov SA, Polozkov RG, Agapev KB, Zakhidov AA, Shelykh IA, Makarov SV. Electronic structure of CsPbBr3−xClx perovskites: synthesis, experimental characterization, and DFT simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18930-18938. [PMID: 31453594 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03656c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cesium lead mixed-halide perovskite thin films were fabricated by using a chemical vapor anion exchange procedure. Optical and structural properties of the materials obtained were studied comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vidas Pakštas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology
- LT-10257 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - Arnas Naujokaitis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology
- LT-10257 Vilnius
- Lithuania
| | - Soslan A. Khubezhov
- Department of Physics
- North Ossetian State University
- 362025 Vladikavkaz
- Russia
| | - Roman G. Polozkov
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering
- ITMO University
- 197101 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Kirill B. Agapev
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering
- ITMO University
- 197101 St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - Anvar A. Zakhidov
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering
- ITMO University
- 197101 St. Petersburg
- Russia
- University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Ivan A. Shelykh
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering
- ITMO University
- 197101 St. Petersburg
- Russia
- Science Institute
| | - Sergey V. Makarov
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering
- ITMO University
- 197101 St. Petersburg
- Russia
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46
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Zhu BS, Li HZ, Ge J, Li HD, Yin YC, Wang KH, Chen C, Yao JS, Zhang Q, Yao HB. Room temperature precipitated dual phase CsPbBr 3-CsPb 2Br 5 nanocrystals for stable perovskite light emitting diodes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:19262-19271. [PMID: 30324957 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06879h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the efficiency of metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has been improved to an attractive level, the poor stability of perovskite emitting layers is a major concern for the application of PeLEDs. Herein, we report a facile ligand-assisted precipitation synthesis of stable dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 nanocrystals (NCs) for improving the stability of PeLEDs. In our synthetic process, the bromide-rich circumstance is beneficial to generate high quality dual-phase perovskite NCs with PLQY as high as 92% and a narrow emission linewidth (19 nm). More importantly, as-synthesized dual phase perovskite NCs exhibit extremely high thermal stability in heating tests in air with a considerable humidity of 30%-55% in comparison with previously reported single phase CsPbBr3 NCs. The aforementioned advantages of our synthesized dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 NCs allow for the fabrication of light emitting layers of PeLEDs under ambient conditions. The fabricated green PeLED based on CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 NCs shows a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V and a high brightness of 8383 cd m-2 at 8 V. Owing to the high stability of dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 NCs, the fabricated PeLED also exhibits better operational stability in comparison with those PeLEDs based on single phase CsPbBr3 NCs. Our work presents a new route to fabricate stable perovskite light-emitting diodes using room temperature precipitated dual-phase CsPbBr3-CsPb2Br5 NCs as emitting layer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Sheng Zhu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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47
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All-inorganic cesium lead iodide perovskite solar cells with stabilized efficiency beyond 15. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4544. [PMID: 30382108 PMCID: PMC6208436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the black cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) tends to transit into a yellow δ-phase at ambient, it is imperative to develop a stabilized black phase for photovoltaic applications. Herein, we report a distorted black CsPbI3 film by exploiting the synergistic effect of hydroiodic acid (HI) and phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) additives. It is found that the HI induces formation of hydrogen lead iodide (HPbI3+x), an intermediate to the distorted black phase with appropriate band gap of 1.69 eV; while PEAI provides nucleation for optimized crystallization. More importantly, it stabilizes the distorted black phase by hindering phase transition via its steric effects. Upon optimization, we have attained solar cell efficiency as high as 15.07%. Specifically, the bare cell without any encapsulation shows negligible efficiency loss after 300 h of light soaking. The device keeps 92% of its initial cell efficiency after being stored for 2 months under ambient conditions. Black phase cesium lead iodide perovskite is regarded as a promising candidate for solar cells, but it easily transits to undesired yellow phase. Herein, Wang et al. stabilized the black phase using molecular additives to achieve device efficiency beyond 15% with high light soaking stability.
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48
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Nam JK, Chun DH, Rhee RJK, Lee JH, Park JH. Methodologies toward Efficient and Stable Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800509. [PMID: 30128260 PMCID: PMC6097000 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to replace thermally vulnerable organic perovskites, considerable research effort has recently been focused on the development of all-inorganic perovskites in the field of photovoltaics. The preceding studies demonstrated that cesium lead halide perovskites are promising candidates for thermally stable and efficient solar cell materials. Here, the recent progress in cesium lead halide perovskite-based solar cells is summarized. Whether organic cations are essential for the superiority of halide perovskites is controversial. However, more than 13% efficient solar cells have been successfully fabricated by employing cesium lead halide perovskites in a short amount of time. The state-of-the-art materials engineering techniques will help to achieve a remarkable photovoltaic performance comparable to that of organic perovskites. In addition, improved understanding of the intrinsic photophysical behaviors will provide new insights that will facilitate further improvements in solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Keun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyung Chun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan Joon Kyu Rhee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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Jiang J, Jin Z, Gao F, Sun J, Wang Q, Liu S(F. CsPbCl 3-Driven Low-Trap-Density Perovskite Grain Growth for >20% Solar Cell Efficiency. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800474. [PMID: 30027063 PMCID: PMC6051377 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Charge recombination in grain boundaries is a significant loss mechanism for perovskite (PVK) solar cells. Here, a new strategy is demonstrated to effectively passivate trap states at the grain boundaries. By introducing a thin layer of CsPbCl3 coating before the PVK deposition, a passivating layer of PbI2 is formed at the grain boundaries. It is found that at elevated temperature, Cl- ions in the CsPbCl3 may migrate into the PVK via grain boundaries, reacting with MA+ to form volatile MACl and leaving a surface layer of PbI2 at the grain boundary. Further study confirms that there is indeed a small amount of PbI2 distributed throughout the grain boundaries, resulting in increased photoluminescence intensity, increased carrier lifetime, and decreased trap state density. It is also found that the process passivates only grain surfaces, with no observable effect on the morphology of the PVK thin film. Upon optimization, the obtained PVK-film-based solar cell delivers a high efficiency of 20.09% with reduced hysteresis and excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Zhiwen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy DevicesShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science & EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119P. R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyiChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
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Zhu J, Di Q, Zhao X, Wu X, Fan X, Li Q, Song W, Quan Z. Facile Method for the Controllable Synthesis of CsxPbyBrz-Based Perovskites. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6206-6209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xixia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokun Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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