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Pham PV, Mai TH, Dash SP, Biju V, Chueh YL, Jariwala D, Tung V. Transfer of 2D Films: From Imperfection to Perfection. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14841-14876. [PMID: 38810109 PMCID: PMC11171780 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Atomically thin 2D films and their van der Waals heterostructures have demonstrated immense potential for breakthroughs and innovations in science and technology. Integrating 2D films into electronics and optoelectronics devices and their applications in electronics and optoelectronics can lead to improve device efficiencies and tunability. Consequently, there has been steady progress in large-area 2D films for both front- and back-end technologies, with a keen interest in optimizing different growth and synthetic techniques. Parallelly, a significant amount of attention has been directed toward efficient transfer techniques of 2D films on different substrates. Current methods for synthesizing 2D films often involve high-temperature synthesis, precursors, and growth stimulants with highly chemical reactivity. This limitation hinders the widespread applications of 2D films. As a result, reports concerning transfer strategies of 2D films from bare substrates to target substrates have proliferated, showcasing varying degrees of cleanliness, surface damage, and material uniformity. This review aims to evaluate, discuss, and provide an overview of the most advanced transfer methods to date, encompassing wet, dry, and quasi-dry transfer methods. The processes, mechanisms, and pros and cons of each transfer method are critically summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility of these 2D film transfer methods, concerning their applications in devices and various technology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V. Pham
- Department
of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - The-Hung Mai
- Department
of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Saroj P. Dash
- Department
of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido
University, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department
of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Vincent Tung
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Zhou L, Ni F, Li N, Wang K, Xie G, Yang C. Tetracoordinate Boron-Based Multifunctional Chiral Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203844. [PMID: 35441761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purely organic emitters have shown great potential but still suffer from low efficiency in near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes (NIR-OLEDs) due to the intensive non-radiative recombination. In this contribution, two pairs of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) enantiomers (R/S-DOBP and R/S-HDOBP) with tetracoordinate boron geometries were designed and synthesized. The TADF emitters simultaneously showed aggregation-induced emission, circularly polarized luminescence, high-contrast mechanochromism, and piezochromism behaviors. More importantly, R/S-DOBP and R/S-HDOBP revealed high photoluminescence quantum yields and efficient reverse intersystem crossing in neat films. The nondoped solution-processed OLEDs based on these unique emitters revealed the NIR emission (peaking at 716 nm) with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.9 % and high exciton utilization efficiency of 86 %, which represent one of the best solution-processed nondoped NIR-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Ni
- College of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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3
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Zhou L, Ni F, Li N, Wang K, Xie G, Yang C. Tetracoordinate Boron‐Based Multifunctional Chiral Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Fan Ni
- College of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials College of Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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Liu L, Wu L, Yang H, Ge H, Xie J, Cao K, Cheng G, Chen S. Conductivity and Stability Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes via Facile Doping of Sodium 3-Methylsalicylate for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1615-1625. [PMID: 34968042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most prospering transparent conductive materials for flexible optoelectronic devices, which arises from its nonpareil features of low-cost solution processability, tunable conductivity, high transparency, and superior mechanical flexibility. However, acidity and hygroscopicity of PSS chains cause a decrease in conductivity, substrate corrosion, and device degradation. This work proposes a facile and effective direct doping strategy of sodium 3-methylsalicylate to enhance the conductivity, alleviate the acidity, and improve the stability of PEDOT:PSS electrodes, simultaneously. Owing to the formation of weaker acid and PSS-Na, PSS chains are disentangled from the coiled PEDOT:PSS complexes, leading to the phase separation of PEDOT:PSS and the formation of fibril-like PEDOT domains. Eventually, the sodium 3-methylsalicylate-modified PEDOT:PSS electrode is employed in flexible organic light-emitting diodes with an outstanding external quantum efficiency of up to 25%. The improved performance is attributed to the more matched work function and the as-formed interfacial dipole. The sodium 3-methylsalicylate-modified PEDOT:PSS electrode with high conductivity and transmittance, superior stability in the air as well as good mechanical flexibility has the potential to be the most promising transparent conductive material for flexible optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honggang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juxuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhang R, Li M, Li L, Fan Y, Zhang Q, Yu G, Geng D, Hu W. The way towards for ultraflat and superclean graphene. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Menghan Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Faculty of Science Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
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Cho H, Song J, Shin JW, Moon J, Kwon BH, Lee JI, Yoo S, Cho NS. Identification of a multi-stack structure of graphene electrodes doped layer-by-layer with benzimidazole and its implication for the design of optoelectronic devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23131-23141. [PMID: 34614583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of benzimidazole (BI)-doped layer-by-layer graphene differ significantly from those of intrinsic graphene. Our study based on transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling reveals that such a difference stems from its peculiar stratified geometry formed in situ during the doping process. This work presents an effective thickness and optical constants that can treat these multi-stacked BI-doped graphene electrodes as a single equivalent medium. For verification, the efficiency and angular emission spectra of organic light-emitting diodes with the BI-doped graphene electrode are modeled with the proposed method, and we demonstrate that the calculation matches experimental results in a much narrower margin than that based on the optical properties of undoped graphene.
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Liu L, Dong R, Ye D, Lu Y, Xia P, Deng L, Duan Y, Cao K, Chen S. Phosphomolybdic Acid-Modified Monolayer Graphene Anode for Efficient Organic and Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12268-12277. [PMID: 33656843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising flexible transparent electrode, and significant progress in graphene-based optoelectronic devices has been accomplished by reducing the sheet resistance and tuning the work function. Herein, phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) is proposed as a novel p-type chemical dopant for graphene, and the optical and electrical properties of graphene are investigated systematically. As a result, the monolayer graphene electrode with lower sheet resistance and work function are obtained while maintaining a high transmittance. The Raman spectrum proves the p-type doping effect of PMA on graphene, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal the mechanism, which is that the electrons transfer from graphene to PMA through the Mo-O-C bond. Furthermore, using the PMA-doped graphene anode, organic and perovskite light-emitting diodes obtained the maximum efficiencies of 129.3 and 15.6 cd/A with an increase of 50.8 and 36.8% compared with the pristine counterparts, respectively. This work confirms that PMA is a potential p-type chemical dopant to achieve an ideal graphene electrode and demonstrates the feasibility of PMA-doped graphene in the practical application of next-generation displays and solid-state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruimin Dong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danqing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Xia
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Deng
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kun Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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Çıtak E, İstanbullu B, Şakalak H, Gürsoy M, Karaman M. All‐Dry Hydrophobic Functionalization of Paper Surfaces for Efficient Transfer of CVD Graphene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Çıtak
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentKonya Technical University 42030 Konya Turkey
| | - Bilal İstanbullu
- Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology DepartmentSelcuk University 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Şakalak
- Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology DepartmentSelcuk University 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gürsoy
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentKonya Technical University 42030 Konya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karaman
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentKonya Technical University 42030 Konya Turkey
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Qu J, Li BW, Shen Y, Huo S, Xu Y, Liu S, Song B, Wang H, Hu C, Feng W. Evaporable Glass-State Molecule-Assisted Transfer of Clean and Intact Graphene onto Arbitrary Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16272-16279. [PMID: 31020828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its clean transfer methods have gathered growing interest and concern in recent decades. Here, we develop a novel large-scale intact transferring technology of paraffin wax onto arbitrary substrates. The wax will then be removed by thermal evaporation, avoiding uncontrollable reactions and leaving no residues. For characterizations, we adopt Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and DRS to measure the optical reflection difference on various surfaces and the thickness of graphene accurately. All the results demonstrate transferred surfaces' cleanliness and our method's validity. This technique allows for an effective transfer of graphene and enables a wider range of applications in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , P.R China
| | - Bao-Wen Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , P.R China
| | - Yongtao Shen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , P.R China
| | - Shuchun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R China
- Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R China
| | - Ying Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , P.R China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei China
| | - Baokun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R China
- Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R China
| | - Chunguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R China
- Nanchang Institute for Microtechnology of Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R China
| | - Wei Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350 , P.R China
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