1
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Li D, Wang H, Chen J, Wu Q. Fluorinated Polymer Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303155. [PMID: 38018363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has boosted the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) over 19 %. The new features of high-performance NFAs, such as visible-NIR light absorption, moderate the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), and high crystallinity, require polymer donors with matching physical properties. This emphasizes the importance of methods that can effectively tune the physical properties of polymers. Owning to very small atom size and strongest electronegativity, the fluorination has been proved the most efficient strategy to regulate the physical properties of polymer donors, including frontier energy level, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, crystallinity and charge transport. Owing to the success of fluorination strategy, the vast majority of high-performance polymer donors possess one or more fluorine atoms. In this review, the fluorination synthetic methods, the synthetic route of well-known fluorinated building blocks, the fluorinated polymers which are categorized by the type of donor or acceptor units, and the relationships between the polymer structures, properties, and photovoltaic performances are comprehensively surveyed. We hope this review could provide the readers a deeper insight into fluorination strategy and lay a strong foundation for future innovation of fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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2
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Salem ME, Qenawy MS, Farag AM, Elwahy AHM. Synthesis of novel scaffolds based on bis-thiazole or bis-triazolothiadiazine linked to quinoxaline as new hybrid molecules. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2153338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa E. Salem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohmmad S. Qenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Farag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Sun C, Zhu C, Meng L, Li Y. Quinoxaline-Based D-A Copolymers for the Applications as Polymer Donor and Hole Transport Material in Polymer/Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104161. [PMID: 34632627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved great progress recently, benefiting from the rapid development of narrow bandgap small molecule acceptors and wide bandgap conjugated polymer donors. Among the polymer donors, the D-A copolymers with quinoxaline (Qx) as A-unit have received increasing attention since the report of the low-cost and high-performance D-A copolymer donor based on thiophene D-unit and difluoro-quinoxalline A-unit in 2018. In addition, the weak electron-deficient characteristic and the multiple substitution positions of the Qx unit make it an ideal A-unit in constructing the wide bandgap polymer donors with different functional substitutions. In this review article, recent developments of the Qx-based D-A copolymer donors, including synthetic method of the Qx unit, backbone modulation, side chain optimization, and functional substitution of the Qx-based D-A copolymers, are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the application of the Qx-based D-A copolymers as hole transport material in perovskite solar cells (pero-SCs) is also introduced. The focus mainly on the molecular design strategies and structure-properties relationship of the Qx-based D-A copolymers, aiming to provide a guideline for developing high-performance Qx-based D-A copolymers for the applications as donor in PSCs and as hole transport material in pero-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Guo Y, Li Z, Sha M, Deng P, Lin X, Li J, Zhang L, Yin H, Zhan H. Synthesis of a Low-Cost Thiophene-Indoloquinoxaline Polymer Donor and Its Application to Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081554. [PMID: 35458305 PMCID: PMC9030569 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple wide-bandgap conjugated polymer based on indoloquinoxaline unit (PIQ) has been newly designed and synthesized via cheap and commercially available starting materials. The basic physicochemical properties of the PIQ have been investigated. PIQ possesses a broad and strong absorption band in the wavelength range of 400~660 nm with a bandgap of 1.80 eV and lower-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level of −5.58 eV. Polymer solar cells based on PIQ and popular acceptor Y6 blend display a preliminarily optimized power conversion efficiency of 6.4%. The results demonstrate indoloquinoxaline is a promising building unit for designing polymer donor materials for polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zeyang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mengzhen Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Ping Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xinyu Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (L.Z.); (H.Z.)
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Kini GP, Han YW, Jeon SJ, Lee EJ, Lee YJ, Goh M, Moon DK. Tailoring microstructure and morphology via sequential fluorination to enhance the photovoltaic performance of low-cost polymer donors for organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200070. [PMID: 35298093 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For utilizing the organic solar cells for commercial applications, reducing the overall cost of the photo absorbent materials is also very crucial, along with the realization of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and excellent stability. Herein, we tried to address such challenge by synergistically controlling the amount of fluorine (F)-substituents (n = 2, 4) on easily scalable, low-cost wide-bandgap molecular design involving alternate fluorinated-thienyl benzodithiophene donor and 2,5-difluoro benzene (2FBn) or 2,3,5,6 tetrafluorobenzene (4FBn) to form two new polymer donors PBDT-2FBn and PBDT-4FBn, respectively. As expected, sequential fluorination causes lowering of the frontier energy levels and planarization of polymer backbone via F···S and C-H···F noncovalent molecular locks, which results in more pronounced molecular packing and enhanced crystallinity from PBDT-2FBn to PBDT-4FBn. By mixing with IT-4F acceptor, PBDT-2FBn:IT-4F-based blend demonstrated favorable molecular orientation with shorter π-π stacking distance, higher carrier mobilities with good trade-off ratio and desirable nanoscale morphology, hence delivered good PCE of 9.3% than PBDT-2FBn:IT-4F counterpart (8.6%). Furthermore, pairing PBDT-2FBn with BTP-BO-4Cl acceptor further improved absorption range and promoted privileged morphology with ideal domain sizes for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport, resulting in further improvement of PCE to 10.2% with remarkably low energy loss of 0.46 eV, which is seldomly reported in NF-OSCs. Consequently, this study provides valuable guidelines for designing efficient and low-cost polymer donors for organic solar cell applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Munju Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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6
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Lee SW, Hussain MDW, Shome S, Ha SR, Oh JT, Whang DR, Kim Y, Kim DY, Choi H, Chang DW. Effect of electron-withdrawing fluorine and cyano substituents on photovoltaic properties of two-dimensional quinoxaline-based polymers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24381. [PMID: 34934136 PMCID: PMC8692587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, strong electron-withdrawing fluorine (F) and cyano (CN) substituents are selectively incorporated into the quinoxaline unit of two-dimensional (2D) D-A-type polymers to investigate their effects on the photovoltaic properties of the polymers. To construct the 2D polymeric structure, electron-donating benzodithiophene and methoxy-substituted triphenylamine are directly linked to the horizontal and vertical directions of the quinoxaline acceptor, respectively. After analyzing the structural, optical, and electrochemical properties of the resultant F- and CN-substituted polymers, labeled as PBCl-MTQF and PBCl-MTQCN, respectively, inverted-type polymer solar cells with a non-fullerene Y6 acceptor are fabricated to investigate the photovoltaic performances of the polymers. It is discovered that the maximum power conversion efficiency of PBCl-MTQF is 7.48%, whereas that of PBCl-MTQCN is limited to 3.52%. This significantly reduced PCE of the device based on PBCl-MTQCN is ascribed to the formation of irregular, large aggregates in the active layer, which can readily aggravate the charge recombination and charge transport kinetics of the device. Therefore, the photovoltaic performance of 2D quinoxaline-based D-A-type polymers is significantly affected by the type of electron-withdrawing substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 48513, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - M D Waseem Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanchari Shome
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ryong Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Taek Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryeol Whang
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute of Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute of Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Chang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 48513, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Borah B, Chowhan LR. Recent advances in the transition-metal-free synthesis of quinoxalines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37325-37353. [PMID: 35496411 PMCID: PMC9043781 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoxalines, also known as benzo[a]pyrazines, constitute an important class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as a result of their widespread prevalence in natural products, biologically active synthetic drug candidates, and optoelectronic materials. Owing to their importance and chemists' ever-increasing imagination of new transformations of these products, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to finding more efficient approaches toward the synthesis of quinoxaline rings. The last decades have witnessed a marvellous outburst in modifying organic synthetic methods to create them sustainable for the betterment of our environment. The exploitation of transition-metal-free catalysis in organic synthesis leads to a new frontier to access biologically active heterocycles and provides an alternative method from the perspective of green and sustainable chemistry. Despite notable developments achieved in transition-metal catalyzed synthesis, the high cost involved in the preparation of the catalyst, toxicity, and difficulty in removing it from the final products constitute disadvantageous effects on the atom economy and eco-friendly nature of the transformation. In this review article, we have summarized the recent progress achieved in the synthesis of quinoxalines under transition-metal-free conditions and cover the reports from 2015 to date. This aspect is presented alongside the mechanistic rationalization and limitations of the reaction methodologies. The scopes of future developments are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Borah
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 India
| | - L Raju Chowhan
- School of Applied Material Sciences, Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat Gandhinagar-382030 India
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8
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Kini GP, Lee EJ, Jeon SJ, Moon DK. Understanding the Critical Role of Sequential Fluorination of Phenylene Units on the Properties of Dicarboxylate Bithiophene-Based Wide-Bandgap Polymer Donors for Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000743. [PMID: 33644922 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Design and development of wide bandgap (WBG) polymer donors with low-lying highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) are increasingly gaining attention in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics since such donors can synergistically enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE) by simultaneously minimizing photon energy loss (Eloss ) and enhancing the spectral response. In this contribution, three new WBG polymer donors, P1, P2, and P3, are prepared by adding phenylene cores with a different number of fluorine (F) substituents (n = 0, 2, and 4, respectively) to dicarboxylate bithiophene-based acceptor units. As predicted, fluorination effectively aides in the lowering of HOMO energy levels, tailoring of the coplanarity and molecular ordering in the polymers. Thus, fluorinated P2 and P3 polymers show higher coplanarity and more intense interchain aggregation than P1, leading to higher charge carrier mobilities and superior phase-separated morphology in the optimized blend films with IT-4F. As a result, both P2:IT-4F and P3:IT-4F realize the best PCEs of 6.89% and 7.03% (vs 0.16% for P1:IT-4F) with lower Eloss values of 0.65 and 0.55 eV, respectively. These results signify the importance of using phenylene units with sequential fluorination in polymer backbone for modifying the optoelectronic properties and realizing low Eloss values by synergistically lowering the HOMO energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jin Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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9
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Yasa M, Surmeli S, Depci T, Toppare L, Hacioglu SO. Synthesis of a Multifunctional Quinoxaline and Benzodithiophene Bearing Polymer and Its Electrochromic Device Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yasa
- Department of Polymer Science and TechnologyMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Seher Surmeli
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIskenderun Technical University 31200 Hatay Turkey
| | - Tolga Depci
- Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIskenderun Technical University 31200 Hatay Turkey
| | - Levent Toppare
- Department of Polymer Science and TechnologyMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of ChemistryMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- The Center for Solar Energy Research and Application (GUNAM)Middle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
- Department of BiotechnologyMiddle East Technical University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Serife Ozdemir Hacioglu
- Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesIskenderun Technical University 31200 Hatay Turkey
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Elevated Photovoltaic Performance in Medium Bandgap Copolymers Composed of Indacenodi-thieno[3,2- b]thiophene and Benzothiadiazole Subunits by Modulating the π-Bridge. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020368. [PMID: 32046028 PMCID: PMC7077401 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two random conjugated polymers (CPs), namely, PIDTT-TBT and PIDTT-TFBT, in which indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene (IDTT), 3-octylthiophene, and benzothiadiazole (BT) were in turn utilized as electron-donor (D), π-bridge, and electron-acceptor (A) units, were synthesized to comprehensively analyze the impact of reducing thiophene π-bridge and further fluorination on photostability and photovoltaic performance. Meanwhile, the control polymer PIDTT-DTBT with alternating structure was also prepared for comparison. The broadened and enhanced absorption, down-shifted highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (EHOMO), more planar molecular geometry thus enhanced the aggregation in the film state, but insignificant impact on aggregation in solution and photostability were found after both reducing thiophene π-bridge in PIDTT-TBT and further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT. Consequently, PIDTT-TBT-based device showed 185% increased PCE of 5.84% profited by synergistically elevated VOC, JSC, and FF than those of its counterpart PIDTT-DTBT, and this improvement was chiefly ascribed to the improved absorption, deepened EHOMO, raised μh and more balanced μh/μe, and optimized morphology of photoactive layer. However, the dropped PCE was observed after further fluorination in PIDTT-TFBT, which was mainly restricted by undesired morphology for photoactive layer as a result of strong aggregation even if in the condition of the upshifted VOC. Our preliminary results can demonstrate that modulating the π-bridge in polymer backbone was an effective method with the aim to enhance the performance for solar cell.
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11
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Recent advances in molecular design of functional conjugated polymers for high-performance polymer solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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He A, Qin Y, Dai W, Zhou D, Zou J. Effective design of A-D-A small molecules for high performance organic solar cells via F atom substitution and thiophene bridge. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Aoshima K, Nomura M, Saeki A. Regioregularity and Electron Deficiency Control of Unsymmetric Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15645-15652. [PMID: 31572866 PMCID: PMC6761756 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the electron deficiency and controlling the regioregularity of π-conjugated polymers are important for the fine-tuning of their electronic and electrochemical properties to make them suitable for an organic solar cell. Here, we report such a molecular design of unsymmetric diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based copolymers with different aromatic side units of either thiophene (Th), pyridine (Py), or fluorobenzene (FBz). The unsymmetric electron acceptors of Th-DPP-Py and Th-DPP-FBz were polymerized with the electron donor of two-dimensional benzobisthiophene (BDT-Th), affording two regiorandom DPP copolymers. They exhibited contrasting molecular orbital levels and bulk heterojunction morphology in methanofullerene-blended films, leading to power conversion efficiencies of 3.75 and 0.18%, respectively. We further synthesized a regioregular DPP copolymer via sandwiching the centrosymmetric BDT-Th unit by two Th-DPP-Py units in an axisymmetric manner. The extensive characterization through morphology observation, X-ray diffraction, and space-charge-limited current mobilities highlight the case-dependent positive/negative effects of regioregularity and electron deficiency control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Aoshima
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuka Nomura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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14
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Cai F, Li L, Zhu C, Li J, Peng H, Zou Y. Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of alkylthiothiophene modified benzodithiophene polymer. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Chen M, Zhang Z, Li W, Cai J, Yu J, Spooner ELK, Kilbride RC, Li D, Du B, Gurney RS, Liu D, Tang W, Lidzey DG, Wang T. Regulating the morphology of fluorinated non-fullerene acceptor and polymer donor via binary solvent mixture for high efficiency polymer solar cells. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu X, Zhang G, Li Y, Peng Q. The recent progress of wide bandgap donor polymers towards non-fullerene organic solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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