1
|
Chinnadurai D, Li Y, Zhang C, Yang G, Lieu WY, Kumar S, Xing Z, Liu W, Seh ZW. Chloride-Free Electrolyte Based on Tetrabutylammonium Triflate Additive for Extended Anodic Stability in Magnesium Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37992235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been proposed as a promising alternative to currently commercialized lithium-ion batteries. However, Mg anode passivation in conventional electrolytes necessitates the use of highly corrosive Cl- ions in the electrolyte. Herein for the first time, we design a chloride-free electrolyte for RMBs with magnesium bis(hexamethyldisilazide) (Mg(HMDS)2) and magnesium triflate (Mg(OTf)2) as the main salts and tetrabutylammonium triflate (TBAOTf) as an additive. The TBAOTf additive improved the dissolution of Mg salts, consequently enhancing the charge-carrying species in the electrolyte. COMSOL studies further revealed desirable Mg growth in our modulated electrolyte, substantiated by homogeneous electric flux distribution across the electrolyte-electrode interface. Post-mortem chemical composition analysis uncovered a MgF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that facilitated exceptional Mg deposition/dissolution reversibility. Our study illustrates a highly promising strategy for synthesizing a corrosion-free and reversible Mg battery electrolyte with a widened anodic stability window of up to 4.43 V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deviprasath Chinnadurai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuanjian Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chang Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoliang Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Ying Lieu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sonal Kumar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhenxiang Xing
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wei Seh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Qiao L, Armand M. Organic Electrolyte Design for Rechargeable Batteries: From Lithium to Magnesium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214054. [PMID: 36219515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been considered as one of the most viable battery chemistries amongst the "post" lithium-ion battery (LIB) technologies owing to their high volumetric capacity and the natural abundance of their key elements. The fundamental properties of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes are of essence to regulate the overall performance of RMBs. In this Review, the basic electrochemistry of Mg-ion conducting electrolytes batteries is discussed and compared to that of the Li-ion conducting electrolytes, and a comprehensive overview of the development of different Mg-ion conducting electrolytes is provided. In addition, the remaining challenges and possible solutions for future research are intensively discussed. The present work is expected to give an impetus to inspire the discovery of key electrolytes and thereby improve the electrochemical performances of RMBs and other related emerging battery technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixin Qiao
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Álava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Michel Armand
- Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC EnergiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Álava Technology Park, Albert Einstein 48, 01510, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krebsz M, Johnston S, Nguyen CK, Hora Y, Roy B, Simonov AN, MacFarlane DR. High-Performance Magnesium Electrochemical Cycling with Hybrid Mg-Li Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34552-34561. [PMID: 35877980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics and coulombic efficiency of the electrochemical magnesium plating and stripping processes are to a significant extent defined by the composition of the electrolyte solution, optimization of which presents a pathway for improved performance. Adopting this strategy, we undertook a systematic investigation of the Mg0/2+ process in different combinations of the Mg2+-Li+-borohydride-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI-) electrolytes in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent. Results indicate that the presence of BH4- is essential for high coulombic efficiency, which coordination to Mg2+ was confirmed by Raman and NMR spectroscopic analysis. However, the high rates observed also require the presence of Li+ and a supplementary anion such as TFSI-. The Li+ + BH4- + TFSI- combination of ionic species prevents passivation of the magnesium surface and thereby enables efficient Mg0/2+ electrochemical cycling. The best Mg0/2+ performance with the stabilized coulombic efficiency of 88 ± 1% and one of the highest deposition/stripping rates at ambient temperature reported to date are demonstrated at an optimal [Mg(BH4)2]:[LiTFSI] mole ratio of 1:2.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kristensen LG, Amdisen MB, Skov LN, Jensen TR. Fast magnesium ion conducting isopropylamine magnesium borohydride enhanced by hydrophobic interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18185-18197. [PMID: 35861397 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New materials for the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries are of extreme importance. Here we investigate the structure, ionic conductivity and thermal properties of isopropylamine magnesium borohydride based composites with different compositions, Mg(BH4)2·x(CH3)2CHNH2, x = 0.5, 0.9, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.5, 3.1. Three new compounds are discovered, x = 1, 2, and 3 and the monoclinic structure of Mg(BH4)2·2(CH3)2CHNH2 (P21/c) is investigated in detail. This structure consists of neutral complexes [Mg(BH4)2((CH3)2CHNH2)2] di-hydrogen bonded to form layers and these layers are connected by hydrophobic interactions via the isopropyl moieties. The orthorhombic unit cell of Mg(BH4)2·(CH3)2CHNH2 was also determined, a = 9.78, b = 12.17 and c = 17.24 Å. In general, the samples are thermally stable up to 50 °C where they started to become softer, and at 70 °C isopropylamine release and melting started. The highest Mg2+ ionic conductivity was that of Mg(BH4)2·1.5(CH3)2CHNH2, σ(Mg2+) = 2.7 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 45 °C, with an activation energy of EA = 1.22 eV. Furthermore, reversible stripping/plating of Mg was displayed at 45 °C, with an oxidative stability of 1.2 V vs. Mg/Mg2+. The addition of MgO nanoparticles (75 wt%) improves the mechanical and thermal stability, and decreases the activation energy, to EA = 0.56 eV. Thereby the Mg2+ conductivity is increased at low temperature. This suggests that the hydrophobic interactions contribute to the high ionic conductivity in the solid state, which opens a new avenue for design and discovery of electrolyte materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse G Kristensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Mads B Amdisen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lasse N Skov
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Torben R Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yao N, Chen X, Fu ZH, Zhang Q. Applying Classical, Ab Initio, and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics Simulations to the Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Batteries. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10970-11021. [PMID: 35576674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries have become indispensable implements in our daily life and are considered a promising technology to construct sustainable energy systems in the future. The liquid electrolyte is one of the most important parts of a battery and is extremely critical in stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and constructing safe and long-life-span batteries. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to developing new electrolyte solvents, salts, additives, and recipes, where molecular dynamics (MD) simulations play an increasingly important role in exploring electrolyte structures, physicochemical properties such as ionic conductivity, and interfacial reaction mechanisms. This review affords an overview of applying MD simulations in the study of liquid electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. First, the fundamentals and recent theoretical progress in three-class MD simulations are summarized, including classical, ab initio, and machine-learning MD simulations (section 2). Next, the application of MD simulations to the exploration of liquid electrolytes, including probing bulk and interfacial structures (section 3), deriving macroscopic properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric constant of electrolytes (section 4), and revealing the electrode-electrolyte interfacial reaction mechanisms (section 5), are sequentially presented. Finally, a general conclusion and an insightful perspective on current challenges and future directions in applying MD simulations to liquid electrolytes are provided. Machine-learning technologies are highlighted to figure out these challenging issues facing MD simulations and electrolyte research and promote the rational design of advanced electrolytes for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhong-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang X, Wen J, Lei J, Huang G, Pan F, Li L. Facile and Economic Synthesis of Robust Non-Nucleophilic Electrolyte for High-Performance Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8906-8915. [PMID: 35133809 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective and highly efficient electrolyte with a wide electrochemical window, high reversibility of Mg plating/stripping, non-/low-corrosivity, good compatibility with cathode materials, and tolerance of trace water and impurity is crucial for the commercialization of rechargeable magnesium batteries. In this work, a novel boron-centered non-nucleophilic electrolyte that meets all the above requirements is prepared via a facile and economic approach from the raw materials B(TFE)3/MgCl2/CrCl3/Mg (BMCM). The as-prepared BMCM electrolyte is mainly composed of tetracoordinated anions [B(TFE)4]- and solvated cations [Mg2(μ-Cl)2(DME)4]2+. The BMCM electrolyte demonstrates attractive electrochemical performance, with a low overpotential (∼139 mV), a high Coulombic efficiency (∼97%), a high anodic stability (∼3.5 V vs Mg/Mg2+), and a long-term (more than 500 h) cycling stability. Moreover, BMCM shows good compatibility with the CuS cathode material. The CuS|BMCM|Mg full cell delivers a discharge specific capacity of 231 mAh g-1 (at 56 mA g-1), which can retain ∼88% even after 100 cycles. Importantly, the BMCM electrolyte is cost-effective and tolerant of trace impurity and water, which has great potential to be commercialized. This work is expected to promote the development of practical rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jinglei Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Life-Related Hazards of Materials Applied to Mg–S Batteries. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15041543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, rechargeable batteries utilizing an S cathode together with an Mg anode are under substantial interest and development. The review is made from the point of view of materials engaged during the development of the Mg–S batteries, their sulfur cathodes, magnesium anodes, electrolyte systems, current collectors, and separators. Simultaneously, various hazards related to the use of such materials are discussed. It was found that the most numerous groups of hazards are posed by the material groups of cathodes and electrolytes. Such hazards vary widely in type and degree of danger and are related to human bodies, aquatic life, flammability of materials, or the release of flammable or toxic gases by the latter.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang H, Ryu J, Shao Y, Murugesan V, Persson K, Zavadil K, Mueller KT, Liu J. Advancing Electrolyte Solution Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry of Divalent Metal Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jaegeon Ryu
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Vijayakumar Murugesan
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Kevin Zavadil
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Karl T. Mueller
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) Lemont Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Energy & Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352 United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu D, Wen Z, Jiang H, Li H, Zhuang Y, Li J, Yang Y, Zeng J, Cheng J, Zhao J. Ultralong-Lifespan Magnesium Batteries Enabled by the Synergetic Manipulation of Oxygen Vacancies and Electronic Conduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12049-12058. [PMID: 33666088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a potential next-generation energy storage system, rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have been receiving increasing attention due to their excellent safety performance and high energy density. However, the sluggish kinetics of Mg2+ in the cathode has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting the development of RMBs. Here, we introduce oxygen vacancies to spherical NaV6O15 cross-linked with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (denoted as SNVOX-CNT) as a cathode material to achieve an impressive long-term cycle life of RMBs. The introduction of oxygen vacancies can improve the electrochemical performance of the NaV6O15-X cathode material. Besides, owing to the introduction of CNTs, excellent internal/external electronic conduction paths can be built inside the whole electrode, which further achieves excellent electrochemical performance. Moreover, such a unique structure can efficiently improve the diffusion kinetics of Mg2+ (ranging from 1.28 × 10-12 to 7.21 × 10-12 cm2·s-1). Simulation calculations further prove that oxygen vacancies can cause Mg2+ to be inserted in NaV6O15-X. Our work proposes a strategy for the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and CNTs to improve the diffusion coefficient of Mg2+ in NaV6O15 and enhance the electrochemical performance of RMBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Wu
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wen
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hongbei Jiang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiyang Li
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Zhao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen DT, Horia R, Eng AYS, Song SW, Seh ZW. Material design strategies to improve the performance of rechargeable magnesium-sulfur batteries. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:830-853. [PMID: 34821317 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Beyond current lithium-ion technologies, magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries represent one of the most attractive battery chemistries that utilize low cost, sustainable, and high capacity materials. In addition to high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities, Mg-S batteries also enable safer operation due to the lower propensity for magnesium dendrite growth compared to lithium. However, the development of practical Mg-S batteries remains challenging. Major problems such as self-discharge, rapid capacity loss, magnesium anode passivation, and low sulfur cathode utilization still plague these batteries, necessitating advanced material design strategies for the cathode, anode, and electrolyte. This review critically appraises the latest research and design principles to address specific issues in state-of-the-art Mg-S batteries. In the process, we point out current limitations and open-ended questions, and propose future research directions for practical realization of Mg-S batteries and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Thien Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Li X, Fan H, Xiao J, Liu Q, Cheng M, Hu J, Wei T, Wu Z, Ling Y, Liu B, Zhang Y. Progress of Non-Nucleophilic Electrolytes for Magnesium/Sulfur Battery. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Hu XC, Shen ZZ, Wan J, Song YX, Liu B, Yan HJ, Wen R, Wan LJ. Insight into interfacial processes and degradation mechanism in magnesium metal batteries. NANO ENERGY 2020; 78:105338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
|
13
|
Quest for magnesium-sulfur batteries: Current challenges in electrolytes and cathode materials developments. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
14
|
Mohtadi R. Beyond Typical Electrolytes for Energy Dense Batteries. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081791. [PMID: 32295159 PMCID: PMC7221636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-rising demands for energy dense electrochemical storage systems have been driving interests in beyond Li-ion batteries such as those based on lithium and magnesium metals. These high energy density batteries suffer from several challenges, several of which stem from the flammability/volatility of the electrolytes and/or instability of the electrolytes with either the negative, positive electrode or both. Recently, hydride-based electrolytes have been paving the way towards overcoming these issues. Namely, highly performing solid-state electrolytes have been reported and several key challenges in multivalent batteries were overcome. In this review, the classes of hydride-based electrolytes reported for energy dense batteries are discussed. Future perspectives are presented to guide research directions in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Mohtadi
- Materials Research Department, Toyota Research Institute of North America, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim SS, Bevilacqua SC, See KA. Conditioning-Free Mg Electrolyte by the Minor Addition of Mg(HMDS) 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5226-5233. [PMID: 31825595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mg-based batteries are an attractive next-generation energy storage chemistry due to the high natural abundance and inexpensive cost of Mg, along with the high theoretical energy density compared to that of conventional Li-ion chemistry. The greater energy density is predicated on a Mg metal anode, and pathways to achieving reversible Mg electrodeposition and stripping are reliant on the development of Mg electrolytes. Although Mg electrolyte chemistry has advanced significantly from the reactive Grignards of the 1920s to the carboranes of this decade, there remains significant challenges in correlating the Mg metal anode electrochemistry with the composition of the electrolyte salts as a result of the complicated interface of Mg metal and the electrolyte. To probe the effect of the interface on Mg electrodeposition, we turn to an electrolyte with a known solution-phase composition: the magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) electrolyte. The MACC electrolyte requires electrolytic conditioning to support reversible Mg electrodeposition and stripping. Here, we show that a small concentration (2-5 mM) of Mg(HMDS)2 with respect to the MACC electrolyte salts suppresses Al3+ deposition and promotes reversible Mg electrodeposition and stripping in the first cycle. The significant effect of a small concentration of additive is attributed to changes to the electrode interface. The impact of the Mg interface on the observed electrochemical performance is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Shik Kim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Sarah C Bevilacqua
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Kimberly A See
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Biemolt J, Jungbacker P, van Teijlingen T, Yan N, Rothenberg G. Beyond Lithium-Based Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E425. [PMID: 31963257 PMCID: PMC7013668 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the latest developments in alternative battery systems based on sodium, magnesium, zinc and aluminum. In each case, we categorize the individual metals by the overarching cathode material type, focusing on the energy storage mechanism. Specifically, sodium-ion batteries are the closest in technology and chemistry to today's lithium-ion batteries. This lowers the technology transition barrier in the short term, but their low specific capacity creates a long-term problem. The lower reactivity of magnesium makes pure Mg metal anodes much safer than alkali ones. However, these are still reactive enough to be deactivated over time. Alloying magnesium with different metals can solve this problem. Combining this with different cathodes gives good specific capacities, but with a lower voltage (<1.3 V, compared with 3.8 V for Li-ion batteries). Zinc has the lowest theoretical specific capacity, but zinc metal anodes are so stable that they can be used without alterations. This results in comparable capacities to the other materials and can be immediately used in systems where weight is not a problem. Theoretically, aluminum is the most promising alternative, with its high specific capacity thanks to its three-electron redox reaction. However, the trade-off between stability and specific capacity is a problem. After analyzing each option separately, we compare them all via a political, economic, socio-cultural and technological (PEST) analysis. The review concludes with recommendations for future applications in the mobile and stationary power sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Biemolt
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Jungbacker
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tess van Teijlingen
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Yan
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, No.299 Bayi Rd. Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gadi Rothenberg
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kang SJ, Kim H, Hwang S, Jo M, Jang M, Park C, Hong ST, Lee H. Electrolyte Additive Enabling Conditioning-Free Electrolytes for Magnesium Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:517-524. [PMID: 30525367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Most electrolytes for rechargeable Mg batteries require time-consuming conditioning or precycling process to achieve a fully reversible Mg deposition/dissolution, which hinders the normal operation of Mg batteries. This study details a simple and effective method for eliminating this conditioning behavior using heptamethyldisilazane (HpMS) as an electrolyte additive. It was found that the HpMS additive greatly increases the current density and Coulombic efficiency of Mg deposition/dissolution from the initial cycles in various sulfone and glyme solutions containing MgCl2 or Mg(TFSI)2. The beneficial effect of HpMS was ascribed to its ability to scavenge trace water in the electrolytes and remove Mg(OH)2 and Mg(TFSI)2-decomposition products from the Mg surface. Considering its applicability for a wide range of Mg electrolytes, the use of HpMS is expected to accelerate the development of practical Mg batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , DGIST , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , DGIST , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwook Hwang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , DGIST , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minsang Jo
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , DGIST , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Jang
- Batteries R&D , LG Chem Ltd. , Daejeon 34122 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changhun Park
- Batteries R&D , LG Chem Ltd. , Daejeon 34122 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Hong
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , DGIST , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hochun Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , DGIST , Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Burankova T, Roedern E, Maniadaki AE, Hagemann H, Rentsch D, Łodziana Z, Battaglia C, Remhof A, Embs JP. Dynamics of the Coordination Complexes in a Solid-State Mg Electrolyte. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6450-6455. [PMID: 30354146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coordination complexes of magnesium borohydride show promising properties as solid electrolytes for magnesium ion batteries and warrant a thorough microscopic description of factors governing their mobility properties. Here, the dynamics of Mg(BH4)2-diglyme0.5 on the atomic level are investigated by means of quasielastic neutron scattering supported by density functional theory calculations and IR and NMR spectroscopy. Employing deuterium labeling, we can unambiguously separate all the hydrogen-containing electrolyte components, which facilitate Mg2+ transport, and provide a detailed analytical description of their motions on the picosecond time scale. The planar diglyme chain coordinating the central Mg atom appears to be flexible, while two dynamically different groups of [BH4]- anions undergo reorientations. The latter has important implications for the thermal stability and conductivity of Mg(BH4)2-diglyme0.5 and demonstrates that the presence of excess Mg(BH4)2 units in partially chelated Mg complexes may improve the overall performance of related solid-state electrolytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Burankova
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| | - Elsa Roedern
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Hagemann
- Département de Chimie-Physique , Université de Genève , 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | | | - Corsin Battaglia
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Arndt Remhof
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Jan P Embs
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging , Paul Scherrer Institute , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|