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Joseph N, Mirzamani M, Abudiyah T, Al-Antaki AHM, Jellicoe M, Harvey DP, Crawley E, Chuah C, Whitten AE, Gilbert EP, Qian S, He L, Michael MZ, Kumari H, Raston CL. Vortex fluidic regulated phospholipid equilibria involving liposomes down to sub-micelle size assemblies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1202-1212. [PMID: 38356632 PMCID: PMC10863723 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01080e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Conventional channel-based microfluidic platforms have gained prominence in controlling the bottom-up formation of phospholipid based nanostructures including liposomes. However, there are challenges in the production of liposomes from rapidly scalable processes. These have been overcome using a vortex fluidic device (VFD), which is a thin film microfluidic platform rather than channel-based, affording ∼110 nm diameter liposomes. The high yielding and high throughput continuous flow process has a 45° tilted rapidly rotating glass tube with an inner hydrophobic surface. Processing is also possible in the confined mode of operation which is effective for labelling pre-VFD-prepared liposomes with fluorophore tags for subsequent mechanistic studies on the fate of liposomes under shear stress in the VFD. In situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) established the co-existence of liposomes ∼110 nm with small rafts, micelles, distorted micelles, or sub-micelle size assemblies of phospholipid, for increasing rotation speeds. The equilibria between these smaller entities and ∼110 nm liposomes for a specific rotational speed of the tube is consistent with the spatial arrangement and dimensionality of topological fluid flow regimes in the VFD. The prevalence for the formation of ∼110 nm diameter liposomes establishes that this is typically the most stable structure from the bottom-up self-assembly of the phospholipid and is in accord with dimensions of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Joseph
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Marzieh Mirzamani
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
| | - Tarfah Abudiyah
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Ahmed Hussein Mohammed Al-Antaki
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa Najaf 54001 Iraq
| | - Matt Jellicoe
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - David P Harvey
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Emily Crawley
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Andrew E Whitten
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights NSW 2234 Australia
| | - Elliot Paul Gilbert
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Lucas Heights NSW 2234 Australia
| | - Shuo Qian
- The Second Target Station Project of SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Lilin He
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Michael Z Michael
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer (FCIC), Flinders Medical Centre (FMC) Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
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He S, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Luo X, Gibson CT, Gao J, Jellicoe M, Wang H, Young DJ, Raston CL. Enhanced mechanical strength of vortex fluidic mediated biomass-based biodegradable films composed from agar, alginate and kombucha cellulose hydrolysates. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127076. [PMID: 37769780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable, biomass derived kombucha cellulose films with increased mechanical strength from 9.98 MPa to 18.18 MPa were prepared by vortex fluidic device (VFD) processing. VFD processing not only reduced the particle size of kombucha cellulose from approximate 2 μm to 1 μm, but also reshaped its structure from irregular to round. The increased mechanical strength of these polysaccharide-derived films is the result of intensive micromixing and high shear stress of a liquid thin film in a VFD. This arises from the incorporation at the micro-structural level of uniform, unidirectional strings of kombucha cellulose hydrolysates, which resulted from the topological fluid flow in the VFD. The biodegradability of the VFD generated polymer films was not compromised relative to traditionally generated films. Both films were biodegraded within 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, China; College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia; Flinders Institute for Nanoscale and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yixiao Wu
- College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jingrong Gao
- School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, China; Flinders Institute for Nanoscale and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matt Jellicoe
- Institute of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
| | - David J Young
- College of Engineering, IT & Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia.
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
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3
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Jellicoe M, Igder A, Chuah C, Jones DB, Luo X, Stubbs KA, Crawley EM, Pye SJ, Joseph N, Vimalananthan K, Gardner Z, Harvey DP, Chen X, Salvemini F, He S, Zhang W, Chalker JM, Quinton JS, Tang Y, Raston CL. Vortex fluidic induced mass transfer across immiscible phases. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3375-3385. [PMID: 35432865 PMCID: PMC8943860 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixing immiscible liquids typically requires the use of auxiliary substances including phase transfer catalysts, microgels, surfactants, complex polymers and nano-particles and/or micromixers. Centrifugally separated immiscible liquids of different densities in a 45° tilted rotating tube offer scope for avoiding their use. Micron to submicron size topological flow regimes in the thin films induce high inter-phase mass transfer depending on the nature of the two liquids. A hemispherical base tube creates a Coriolis force as a 'spinning top' (ST) topological fluid flow in the less dense liquid which penetrates the denser layer of liquid, delivering liquid from the upper layer through the lower layer to the surface of the tube with the thickness of the layers determined using neutron imaging. Similarly, double helical (DH) topological flow in the less dense liquid, arising from Faraday wave eddy currents twisted by Coriolis forces, impact through the less dense liquid onto the surface of the tube. The lateral dimensions of these topological flows have been determined using 'molecular drilling' impacting on a thin layer of polysulfone on the surface of the tube and self-assembly of nanoparticles at the interface of the two liquids. At high rotation speeds, DH flow also occurs in the denser layer, with a critical rotational speed reached resulting in rapid phase demixing of preformed emulsions of two immiscible liquids. ST flow is perturbed relative to double helical flow by changing the shape of the base of the tube while maintaining high mass transfer between phases as demonstrated by circumventing the need for phase transfer catalysts. The findings presented here have implications for overcoming mass transfer limitations at interfaces of liquids, and provide new methods for extractions and separation science, and avoiding the formation of emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Jellicoe
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Aghil Igder
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Clarence Chuah
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Darryl B Jones
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Xuan Luo
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Emily M Crawley
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Scott J Pye
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Nikita Joseph
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Kasturi Vimalananthan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Zoe Gardner
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - David P Harvey
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Xianjue Chen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - Filomena Salvemini
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization New Illawara Road, Lucas Heights NSW Australia
| | - Shan He
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Jamie S Quinton
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- Flinders Microscopy and Microanalysis (FMMA), College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University GPO Box 2100 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia
| | - Youhong Tang
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
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Crawley EM, Pye S, Forbes BE, Raston CL. Vortex Fluidic Mediated Oxidative Sulfitolysis of Oxytocin. Molecules 2022; 27:1109. [PMID: 35164375 PMCID: PMC8840205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In peptide production, oxidative sulfitolysis can be used to protect the cysteine residues during purification, and the introduction of a negative charge aids solubility. Subsequent controlled reduction aids in ensuring correct disulfide bridging. In vivo, these problems are overcome through interaction with chaperones. Here, a versatile peptide production process has been developed using an angled vortex fluidic device (VFD), which expands the viable pH range of oxidative sulfitolysis from pH 10.5 under batch conditions, to full conversion within 20 min at pH 9-10.5 utilising the VFD. VFD processing gave 10-fold greater conversion than using traditional batch processing, which has potential in many applications of the sulfitolysis reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Crawley
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (E.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Scott Pye
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (E.M.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Briony E. Forbes
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (E.M.C.); (S.P.)
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Tavakoli J, Shrestha J, Bazaz SR, Rad MA, Warkiani ME, Raston CL, Tipper JL, Tang Y. Developing Novel Fabrication and Optimisation Strategies on Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanoprobe/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Bio-Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:1002. [PMID: 35164268 PMCID: PMC8840180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study describes a new technology, effective for readily preparing a fluorescent (FL) nanoprobe-based on hyperbranched polymer (HB) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorogen with high brightness to ultimately develop FL hydrogels. We prepared the AIE nanoprobe using a microfluidic platform to mix hyperbranched polymers (HB, generations 2, 3, and 4) with AIE (TPE-2BA) under shear stress and different rotation speeds (0-5 K RPM) and explored the FL properties of the AIE nanoprobe. Our results reveal that the use of HB generation 4 exhibits 30-times higher FL intensity compared to the AIE alone and is significantly brighter and more stable compared to those that are prepared using HB generations 3 and 2. In contrast to traditional methods, which are expensive and time-consuming and involve polymerization and post-functionalization to develop FL hyperbranched molecules, our proposed method offers a one-step method to prepare an AIE-HB nanoprobe with excellent FL characteristics. We employed the nanoprobe to fabricate fluorescent injectable bioadhesive gel and a hydrogel microchip based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The addition of borax (50 mM) to the PVA + AIE nanoprobe results in the development of an injectable bioadhesive fluorescent gel with the ability to control AIEgen release for 300 min. When borax concentration increases two times (100 mM), the adhesion stress is more than two times bigger (7.1 mN/mm2) compared to that of gel alone (3.4 mN/mm2). Excellent dimensional stability and cell viability of the fluorescent microchip, along with its enhanced mechanical properties, proposes its potential applications in mechanobiology and understanding the impact of microstructure in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Tavakoli
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Sajad R. Bazaz
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Maryam A. Rad
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Majid E. Warkiani
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Joanne L. Tipper
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (J.T.); (J.S.); (S.R.B.); (M.A.R.); (M.E.W.)
| | - Youhong Tang
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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6
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Alamry AYH, Al-Antaki AHM, Luo X, Raston CL. Continuous flow in situ shear stress induced encapsulation of curcumin within spheroidal bovine serum albumin-based nanoparticles. Aust J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Hu Q, Hu H, Zhang X, Fan K, Hong Y, Raston CL, Tang Y. In Situ Monitored Vortex Fluidic-Mediated Protein Refolding/Unfolding Using an Aggregation-Induced Emission Bioprobe. Molecules 2021; 26:4273. [PMID: 34299548 PMCID: PMC8306882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein folding is important for protein homeostasis/proteostasis in the human body. We have established the ability to manipulate protein unfolding/refolding for β-lactoglobulin using the induced mechanical energy in the thin film microfluidic vortex fluidic device (VFD) with monitoring as such using an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), TPE-MI. When denaturant (guanidine hydrochloride) is present with β-lactoglobulin, the VFD accelerates the denaturation reaction in a controlled way. Conversely, rapid renaturation of the unfolded protein occurs in the VFD in the absence of the denaturant. The novel TPE-MI reacts with exposed cysteine thiol when the protein unfolds, as established with an increase in fluorescence intensity. TPE-MI provides an easy and accurate way to monitor the protein folding, with comparable results established using conventional circular dichroism. The controlled VFD-mediated protein folding coupled with in situ bioprobe AIEgen monitoring is a viable methodology for studying the denaturing of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haozhen Hu
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Kyle Fan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (K.F.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (K.F.); (C.L.R.)
| | - Youhong Tang
- Medical Device Research Institute, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (Q.H.); (H.H.); (X.Z.)
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (K.F.); (C.L.R.)
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8
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Alharbi TMD, Jellicoe M, Luo X, Vimalanathan K, Alsulami IK, Al Harbi BS, Igder A, Alrashaidi FAJ, Chen X, Stubbs KA, Chalker JM, Zhang W, Boulos RA, Jones DB, Quinton JS, Raston CL. Sub-micron moulding topological mass transport regimes in angled vortex fluidic flow. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3064-3075. [PMID: 36133664 PMCID: PMC9419266 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Shear stress in dynamic thin films, as in vortex fluidics, can be harnessed for generating non-equilibrium conditions, but the nature of the fluid flow is not understood. A rapidly rotating inclined tube in the vortex fluidic device (VFD) imparts shear stress (mechanical energy) into a thin film of liquid, depending on the physical characteristics of the liquid and rotational speed, ω, tilt angle, θ, and diameter of the tube. Through understanding that the fluid exhibits resonance behaviours from the confining boundaries of the glass surface and the meniscus that determines the liquid film thickness, we have established specific topological mass transport regimes. These topologies have been established through materials processing, as spinning top flow normal to the surface of the tube, double-helical flow across the thin film, and spicular flow, a transitional region where both effects contribute. The manifestation of mass transport patterns within the film have been observed by monitoring the mixing time, temperature profile, and film thickness against increasing rotational speed, ω. In addition, these flow patterns have unique signatures that enable the morphology of nanomaterials processed in the VFD to be predicted, for example in reversible scrolling and crumbling graphene oxide sheets. Shear-stress induced recrystallisation, crystallisation and polymerisation, at different rotational speeds, provide moulds of high-shear topologies, as 'positive' and 'negative' spicular flow behaviour. 'Molecular drilling' of holes in a thin film of polysulfone demonstrate spatial arrangement of double-helices. The grand sum of the different behavioural regimes is a general fluid flow model that accounts for all processing in the VFD at an optimal tilt angle of 45°, and provides a new concept in the fabrication of novel nanomaterials and controlling the organisation of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaar M D Alharbi
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarrah 42353 Saudi Arabia
| | - Matt Jellicoe
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Xuan Luo
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Kasturi Vimalanathan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Ibrahim K Alsulami
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Bediea S Al Harbi
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Aghil Igder
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University Joondalup Perth WA 6027 Australia
| | - Fayed A J Alrashaidi
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, AlJouf University Sakaka 72388 Saudi Arabia
| | - Xianjue Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Justin M Chalker
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Ramiz A Boulos
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
- BrightChem Consulting Suite 16, 45 Delawney Street Balcatta WA 6021 Australia
| | - Darryl B Jones
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Jamie S Quinton
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia
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9
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Esposito TVF, Stütz H, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Bergamo M, Charles L, Geczy R, Blackadar C, Kutter JP, Saatchi K, Häfeli UO. Preparation of Heat-Denatured Macroaggregated Albumin for Biomedical Applications Using a Microfluidics Platform. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2823-2834. [PMID: 33826291 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Albumin is widely used in pharmaceutical applications to alter the pharmacokinetic profile, improve efficacy, or decrease the toxicity of active compounds. Various drug delivery systems using albumin have been reported, including microparticles. Macroaggregated albumin (MAA) is one of the more common forms of albumin microparticles, which is predominately used for lung perfusion imaging when labeled with radionuclide technetium-99m (99mTc). These microparticles are formed by heat-denaturing albumin in a bulk solution, making it very challenging to control the size and dispersity of the preparations (coefficient of variation, CV, ∼50%). In this work, we developed an integrated microfluidics platform to create more tunable and precise MAA particles, the so-called microfluidic-MAA (M2A2). The microfluidic chips, prepared using off-stoichiometry thiol-ene chemistry, consist of a flow-focusing region followed by an extended and water-heated curing channel (85 °C). M2A2 particles with diameters between 70 and 300 μm with CVs between 10 and 20% were reliably prepared by adjusting the flow rates of the dispersed and continuous phases. To demonstrate the pharmaceutical utility of M2A2, particles were labeled with indium-111 (111In) and their distribution was assessed in healthy mice using nuclear imaging. 111In-M2A2 behaved similarly to 99mTc-MAA, with lung uptake predominately observed early on followed by clearance over time by the reticuloendothelial and renal systems. Our microfluidic chip represents an elegant and controllable method to prepare albumin microparticles for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullio V F Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helene Stütz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Life Science, IMC University of Applied Sciences, Piaristengasse 1, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marta Bergamo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lovelyn Charles
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Reka Geczy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Colin Blackadar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Urs O Häfeli
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Luo X, Al-Antaki AHM, Igder A, Stubbs KA, Su P, Zhang W, Weiss GA, Raston CL. Vortex Fluidic-Mediated Fabrication of Fast Gelated Silica Hydrogels with Embedded Laccase Nanoflowers for Real-Time Biosensing under Flow. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51999-52007. [PMID: 33151682 PMCID: PMC9943686 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of hybrid protein-Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers (NFs) via an intermediate toroidal structure is dramatically accelerated under shear using a vortex fluidic device (VFD), which possesses a rapidly rotating angled tube. As-prepared laccase NFs (LNFs) exhibit ≈1.8-fold increase in catalytic activity compared to free laccase under diffusion control, which is further enhanced by ≈ 2.9-fold for the catalysis under shear in the VFD. A new LNF immobilization platform, LNF@silica incorporated in a VFD tube, was subsequently developed by mixing the LNFs for 15 min with silica hydrogel resulting in gelation along the VFD tube surface. The resulting LNFs@silica coating is highly stable and reusable, which allows a dramatic 16-fold enhancement in catalytic rates relative to LNF@silica inside glass vials. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy-based real-time monitoring within the LNFs@silica-coated tube reveals good stability of the coating in continuous flow processing. The results demonstrate the utility of the VFD microfluidic platform, further highlighting its ability to control chemical and enzymatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ahmed Hussein Mohammed Al-Antaki
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Aghil Igder
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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11
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Mohammed Al-antaki AH, Kellici S, Power NP, Lawrance WD, Raston CL. Continuous flow vortex fluidic-mediated exfoliation and fragmentation of two-dimensional MXene. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192255. [PMID: 32537213 PMCID: PMC7277261 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MXene (Ti2CT x ) is exfoliated in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), as a thin film microfluidic platform, under continuous flow conditions, down to ca 3 nm thin multi-layered two-dimensional (2D) material, as determined using AFM. The optimized process, under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen to avoid oxidation of the material, was established by systematically exploring the operating parameters of the VFD, along with the concentration of the dispersed starting material and the choice of solvent, which was a 1 : 1 mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water. There is also some fragmentation of the 2D material into nanoparticles ca 68 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hussein Mohammed Al-antaki
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa, Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Suela Kellici
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Nicholas P. Power
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Warren D. Lawrance
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Author for correspondence: Colin L. Raston e-mail:
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12
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Igder A, Pye S, Mohammed Al-Antaki AH, Keshavarz A, Raston CL, Nosrati A. Vortex fluidic mediated synthesis of polysulfone. RSC Adv 2020; 10:14761-14767. [PMID: 35497156 PMCID: PMC9052111 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysulfone (PSF) was prepared under high shear in a vortex fluidic device (VFD) operating in confined mode, and its properties compared with that prepared using batch processing. This involved reacting the pre-prepared disodium salt of bisphenol A (BPA) with a 4,4'-dihalodiphenylsulfone under anhydrous conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) established that in the thin film microfluidic platform, the PSF particles are sheet-like, for short reaction times, and fibrous for long reaction times, in contrast to spherical like particles for the polymer prepared using the conventional batch synthesis. The operating parameters of the VFD (rotational speed of the glass tube, its tilt angle and temperature) were systematically varied for establishing their effect on the molecular weight (M w), glass transition temperature (T g) and decomposition temperature, featuring gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. The optimal VFD prepared PSF was obtained at 6000 rpm rotational speed, 45° tilt angle and 160 °C, for 1 h of processing with M w ∼10 000 g mol-1, T g ∼158 °C and decomposition temperature ∼530 °C, which is comparable to the conventionally prepared PSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghil Igder
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University Joondalup Perth WA 6027 Australia
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Scott Pye
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Ahmed Hussein Mohammed Al-Antaki
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Alireza Keshavarz
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University Joondalup Perth WA 6027 Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide SA 5042 Australia
| | - Ata Nosrati
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University Joondalup Perth WA 6027 Australia
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13
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Totoiu CA, Phillips JM, Reese AT, Majumdar S, Girguis PR, Raston CL, Weiss GA. Vortex fluidics-mediated DNA rescue from formalin-fixed museum specimens. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225807. [PMID: 31999723 PMCID: PMC6992170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA from formalin-preserved tissue could unlock a vast repository of genetic information stored in museums worldwide. However, formaldehyde crosslinks proteins and DNA, and prevents ready amplification and DNA sequencing. Formaldehyde acylation also fragments the DNA. Treatment with proteinase K proteolyzes crosslinked proteins to rescue the DNA, though the process is quite slow. To reduce processing time and improve rescue efficiency, we applied the mechanical energy of a vortex fluidic device (VFD) to drive the catalytic activity of proteinase K and recover DNA from American lobster tissue (Homarus americanus) fixed in 3.7% formalin for >1-year. A scan of VFD rotational speeds identified the optimal rotational speed for recovery of PCR-amplifiable DNA and while 500+ base pairs were sequenced, shorter read lengths were more consistently obtained. This VFD-based method also effectively recovered DNA from formalin-preserved samples. The results provide a roadmap for exploring DNA from millions of historical and even extinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Totoiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica M. Phillips
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aspen T. Reese
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Girguis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
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14
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Al-Antaki AM, Luo X, Duan X, Lamb RN, Hutchison WD, Lawrance W, Raston CL. Continuous Flow Copper Laser Ablation Synthesis of Copper(I and II) Oxide Nanoparticles in Water. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13577-13584. [PMID: 31460487 PMCID: PMC6705240 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) are selectively prepared in high yields under continuous flow in a vortex fluidic device (VFD), involving irradiation of a copper rod using a pulsed laser operating at 1064 nm and 600 mJ. The plasma plume generated inside a glass tube (20 mm O.D.), which is rapidly rotating (7.5 k rpm), reacts with the enclosed air in the microfluidic platform, with then high mass transfer of material into the dynamic thin film of water passing up the tube. The average size of the generated Cu2ONPs is 14 nm, and they are converted to copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11 nm by heating the as-prepared solution of Cu2ONPs in air at 50 °C for 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
Hussein Mohammed Al-Antaki
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College
of Science and Engineering, Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College
of Medicine and Public Health and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, Kufa University, Kufa, 54001 Najaf, Iraq
| | - Xuan Luo
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College
of Science and Engineering, Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College
of Medicine and Public Health and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - XiaoFei Duan
- Trace
Analysis for Chemical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (TrACEES), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert N. Lamb
- Trace
Analysis for Chemical, Earth and Environmental Sciences (TrACEES), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne D. Hutchison
- School of
Science, University of New South Wales, ADFA campus, Canberra BC, ACT 2610, Australia
| | - Warren Lawrance
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College
of Science and Engineering, Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College
of Medicine and Public Health and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College
of Science and Engineering, Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College
of Medicine and Public Health and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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15
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Fluorescent protein nanoparticles: Synthesis and recognition of cellular oxidation damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:219-227. [PMID: 30743069 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are associated with many diseases. Lots of studies focus on the detection of intracellular ROS by small fluorescent molecules. However, ROS recognized by biocompatible nanoparticles are relatively less reported. It is widely known that albumin-based nanomaterials possess unique advantages in biomedical applications because they are biodegradable and biocompatible. Herein, fluorescent protein nanoparticles (PNPs) were prepared using BSA as a starting material without introducing extra fluorescent molecules. The blue fluorescent PNPs were well characterized by FL, FTIR, CD, TEM, DLS, etc. It was revealed that the PNPs exhibited two types of emissive centers through FL spectra and the fluorescence lifetimes. Further mechanism study indicated that the fluorescence of the PNPs was mainly derived from three kinds of aromatic amino acids, namely tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine. Moreover, the fluorescence properties of the PNPs were tightly related to pH. The PNPs displayed excellent stabilities under harsh conditions as well as physiological conditions. In addition, the PNPs (200 μg/mL) were nontoxic to HeLa and GES-1 cell lines, showing good biocompatibility. The cellular uptake of PNPs was occurred only when the cells were stressed with glucose oxidase or H2O2, thereafter the bright blue fluorescence was observed, indicating that it could be utilized for the recognition of cellular oxidation damage. These findings will offer novel clues for the future synthesis of even brighter protein nanoparticles and their biomedical applications.
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