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Luo T, Farooq A, Weng W, Lu S, Luo G, Zhang H, Li J, Zhou X, Wu X, Huang L, Chen L, Wu H. Progress in the Preparation and Application of Breathable Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1686. [PMID: 38932036 PMCID: PMC11207707 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breathable membranes with micropores enable the transfer of gas molecules while blocking liquids and solids, and have a wide range of applications in medical, industrial, environmental, and energy fields. Breathability is highly influenced by the nature of a material, pore size, and pore structure. Preparation methods and the incorporation of functional materials are responsible for the variety of physical properties and applications of breathable membranes. In this review, the preparation methods of breathable membranes, including blown film extrusion, cast film extrusion, phase separation, and electrospinning, are discussed. According to the antibacterial, hydrophobic, thermal insulation, conductive, and adsorption properties, the application of breathable membranes in the fields of electronics, medicine, textiles, packaging, energy, and the environment are summarized. Perspectives on the development trends and challenges of breathable membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshuai Luo
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Ambar Farooq
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Wenwei Weng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Shengchang Lu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
| | - Gai Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaxing Zhou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaobiao Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Disposable Sanitary Products, Fujian Hengan International Group Company Ltd., Jinjiang 362261, China; (W.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Liulian Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lihui Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (T.L.); (A.F.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (X.Z.); (L.H.); (L.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Ghasemlou M, Oladzadabbasabadi N, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Barrow CJ. Engineered Sustainable Omniphobic Coatings to Control Liquid Spreading on Food-Contact Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:15657-15686. [PMID: 38518221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The adhesion of sticky liquid foods to a contacting surface can cause many technical challenges. The food manufacturing sector is confronted with many critical issues that can be overcome with long-lasting and highly nonwettable coatings. Nanoengineered biomimetic surfaces with distinct wettability and tunable interfaces have elicited increasing interest for their potential use in addressing a broad variety of scientific and technological applications, such as antifogging, anti-icing, antifouling, antiadhesion, and anticorrosion. Although a large number of nature-inspired surfaces have emerged, food-safe nonwetted surfaces are still in their infancy, and numerous structural design aspects remain unexplored. This Review summarizes the latest scientific research regarding the key principles, fabrication methods, and applications of three important categories of nonwettable surfaces: superhydrophobic, liquid-infused slippery, and re-entrant structured surfaces. The Review is particularly focused on new insights into the antiwetting mechanisms of these nanopatterned structures and discovering efficient platform methodologies to guide their rational design when in contact with food materials. A detailed description of the current opportunities, challenges, and future scale-up possibilities of these nanoengineered surfaces in the food industry is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | | | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
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Stramarkou M, Tzegiannakis I, Christoforidi E, Krokida M. Use of Electrospinning for Sustainable Production of Nanofibers: A Comparative Assessment of Smart Textiles-Related Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:514. [PMID: 38399892 PMCID: PMC10893451 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Textile production is a major component of the global industry, with sales of over USD 450 billion and estimations of an 84% increase in their demand in the next 20 years. In recent decades, protective and smart textiles have played important roles in the social economy and attracted widespread popularity thanks to their wide spectrum of applications with properties, such as antimicrobial, water-repellent, UV, chemical, and thermal protection. Towards the sustainable manufacturing of smart textiles, biodegradable, recycled, and bio-based plastics are used as alternative raw materials for fabric and yarn production using a wide variety of techniques. While conventional techniques present several drawbacks, nanofibers produced through electrospinning have superior structural properties. Electrospinning is an innovative method for fiber production based on the use of electrostatic force to create charged threads of polymer solutions. Electrospinning shows great potential since it provides control of the size, porosity, and mechanical resistance of the fibers. This review summarizes the advances in the rapidly evolving field of the production of nanofibers for application in smart and protective textiles using electrospinning and environmentally friendly polymers as raw materials, and provides research directions for optimized smart fibers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stramarkou
- Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechneiou St. Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; (I.T.); (E.C.); (M.K.)
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Zhang Y, Lin JH, Cheng DH, Li X, Wang HY, Lu YH, Lou CW. A Study on Tencel/LMPET-TPU/Triclosan Laminated Membranes: Excellent Water Resistance and Antimicrobial Ability. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:703. [PMID: 37623764 PMCID: PMC10456457 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Medical product contamination has become a threatening issue against human health, which is the main reason why protective nonwoven fabrics have gained considerable attention. In the present, there is a soaring number of studies on establishing protection systems with nonwoven composites via needle punch. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of composites, such as poor mechanical performance and texture, impose restrictions. Hence, in this study, an eco-friendly method composed of needling, hot pressing, and lamination is applied to produce water-resistant, windproof, and antimicrobial Tencel/low-melting-point polyester-thermoplastic polyurethane/Triclosan (Tencel/LMPET-TPU/TCL) laminated membranes. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and FTIR show needle-punched Tencel/LMPET membranes successfully coated with TPU/TCL laminated membranes, thereby extensively improving nonwoven membranes in terms of water-resistant, windproof, and antimicrobial attributes. Parameters including needle punch depth, content of LMPET fibers, and concentration of TCL are changed during the production. Specifically, Tencel/LMPET-TPU/TCL-0.1 laminated nonwovens acquire good water resistance (100 kPa), outstanding windproof performance (<0.1 cm3/cm2/s), and good antimicrobial ability against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Made with a green production process that is pollution-free, the proposed products are windproof, water resistant, and antimicrobial, which ensures promising uses in the medical and protective textile fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-H.C.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung City 407102, Taiwan
- School of Textile Science & Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - De-Hong Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-H.C.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Textile Science & Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Tianjing Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China;
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China; (Y.Z.); (D.-H.C.)
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- School of Textile Science & Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 413305, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
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Gong X, Yin X, Wang F, Liu X, Yu J, Zhang S, Ding B. Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes: A Versatile Medium for Waterproof and Breathable Application. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205067. [PMID: 36403221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waterproof and breathable membranes that prevent liquid water penetration, while allowing air and moisture transmission, have attracted significant attention for various applications. Electrospun nanofiber materials with adjustable pore structures, easily tunable wettability, and good pore connectivity, have shown significant potential for constructing waterproof and breathable membranes. Herein, a systematic overview of the recent progress in the design, fabrication, and application of waterproof and breathable nanofibrous membranes is provided. The various strategies for fabricating the membranes mainly including one-step electrospinning and post-treatment of nanofibers are given as a starting point for the discussion. The different design concepts and structural characteristics of each type of waterproof and breathable membrane are comprehensively analyzed. Then, some representative applications of the membranes are highlighted, involving personal protection, desalination, medical dressing, and electronics. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives associated with waterproof and breathable nanofibrous membranes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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Zhang Y, Li X, Wang HY, Wang BX, Li J, Cheng DH, Lu YH. Highly Breathable and Abrasion-Resistant Membranes with Micro-/Nano-Channels for Eco-Friendly Moisture-Wicking Medical Textiles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3071. [PMID: 36080108 PMCID: PMC9458056 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One-way water transport is a predominant feature of comfortable textiles used in daily life. However, shortcomings related to the textiles include their poor breathability and durability. In this study, low-cost and eco-friendly PLA/low-melt (polylactic acid) LMPLA-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes were fabricated through a needle punch/hot press and electrospinning method. The micro-/nano-channels, used for the first time, endowed the composite membranes with robust, breathable, moisture-permeable, and abrasion-resistant performance. By varying the nano- layer thickness, the resulting 16-40 μm membranes exhibited excellent one-way water transport, robust breathability and moisture permeability, and good abrasion resistance. Nano-layer thickness was found to be a critical performance factor, balancing comfort and protection. These results may be useful for developing low-cost, eco-friendly, and versatile protective products for medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Textile Science & Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- Tianjing Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Bo-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - De-Hong Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Yan-Hua Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Liaodong University, Dandong 118003, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Materials, Liaodong University, Dandong 118000, China
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Shi S, Zhi C, Zhang S, Yang J, Si Y, Jiang Y, Ming Y, Lau KT, Fei B, Hu J. Lotus Leaf-Inspired Breathable Membrane with Structured Microbeads and Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39610-39621. [PMID: 35980757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a feasible technology to fabricate nanomaterials. However, the preparation of nanomaterials with controllable structures of microbeads and fine nanofibers is still a challenge, which hinders widespread applications of electrospun products. Herein, inspired by the micro/nanostructures of lotus leaves, we constructed a structured electrospun membrane with excellent comprehensive properties. First, micro/nanostructures of membranes with adjustable microbeads and nanofibers were fabricated on a large scale and quantitatively analyzed based on the controlling preparation, and their performances were systematically evaluated. The deformation of diverse polymeric solution droplets in the electrospinning process under varying electric fields was then simulated by molecular dynamic simulation. Finally, novel fibrous membranes with structured sublayers and controllable morphologies were designed, prepared, and compared. The achieved structured membranes demonstrate a high water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) > 17.5 kg/(m2 day), a good air permeability (AP) > 5 mL/s, a high water contact angle (WCA) up to 151°, and a high hydrostatic pressure of 623 mbar. The disclosed science and technology in this article can provide a feasible method to not only adjust micro/nanostructure fibers but also to design secondary multilayer structures. This research is believed to assist in promoting the diversified development of advanced fibrous membranes and intelligent protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Jieqiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Yuanzhang Jiang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Kin-Tak Lau
- School of Engineering. Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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Gorji M, Mazinani S, Gharehaghaji AA. A review on emerging developments in thermal and moisture management by membrane‐based clothing systems towards personal comfort. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Gorji
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC) Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mazinani
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC) Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
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Lin Y, Wang C, Miao D, Cheng N, Meng N, Babar AA, Wang X, Ding B, Yu J. A Trilayered Composite Fabric with Directional Water Transport and Resistance to Blood Penetration for Medical Protective Clothing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18944-18953. [PMID: 35412798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional textiles with enhanced moisture management can facilitate sweat transport away from the skin to improve personal comfort. However, porous materials exhibit low capability of preventing the intrusion of external liquids, becoming a bottleneck in the design of medical protective clothing. Herein, a trilayered composite fabric based on a gradient wettability structure is demonstrated for directional water transport and resistance to blood penetration. The proposed fabric shows distinct advantages, including a high water breakthrough pressure of 2.43 kPa from the external side, an outstanding positive water transport index (1522%), and an antiblood penetration resistance of 2.71 kPa. Moreover, the fabric shows improved comfort with a high moisture transmission (320 g m-2 h-1) and desired water evaporation rate (0.36 g h-1). This work addressed the concern of directional water transport and resistance to blood penetration while providing a comfortable wearing microenvironment, leading to a promising research direction for multifunctional medical textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Lin
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dongyang Miao
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ningbo Cheng
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Na Meng
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Babar
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Shi S, Si Y, Han Y, Wu T, Iqbal MI, Fei B, Li RKY, Hu J, Qu J. Recent Progress in Protective Membranes Fabricated via Electrospinning: Advanced Materials, Biomimetic Structures, and Functional Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107938. [PMID: 34969155 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a significant micro/nanofiber processing technology and has been rapidly developing in the past 2 decades. It has several applications, including advanced sensing, intelligent manufacturing, and high-efficiency catalysis. Here, multifunctional protective membranes fabricated via electrospinning in terms of novel material design, construction of novel structures, and various protection requirements in different environments are reviewed. To achieve excellent comprehensive properties, such as, high water vapor transmission, high hydrostatic pressure, optimal mechanical property, and air permeability, combinations of novel materials containing nondegradable/degradable materials and functional structures inspired by nature have been investigated for decades. Currently, research is mainly focused on conventional protective membranes with multifunctional properties, such as, anti-UV, antibacterial, and electromagnetic-shielding functions. However, important aspects, such as, the properties of electrospun monofilaments, development of "green electrospinning solutions" with high solid content, and approaches for enhancing adhesion between hydrophilic and hydrophobic layers are not considered. Based on this systematic review, the development of electrospinning for protective membranes is discussed, the existing gaps in research are discussed, and solutions for the development of technology are proposed. This review will assist in promoting the diversified development of protective membranes and is of great significance for fabricating advanced materials for intelligent protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Yanting Han
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Mohammad Irfan Iqbal
- School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Robert K. Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Jinping Qu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science & Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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Li P, Feng Q, Chen L, Zhao J, Lei F, Yu H, Yi N, Gan F, Han S, Wang L, Wang X. Environmentally Friendly, Durably Waterproof, and Highly Breathable Fibrous Fabrics Prepared by One-Step Fluorine-Free Waterborne Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8613-8622. [PMID: 35113511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) have drawn broad attention due to their widespread applications in various scientific and industry fields. However, creating WBMs with environment-friendliness and high performance is still a critical and challenging task. Herein, an environmentally friendly fluorine-free WBM with high performance was prepared through electrospinning and one-step dip-coating technology. The fluorine-free waterborne hydroxyl acrylic resin (HAR) emulsion containing long hydrocarbon chains endowed the electrospun polyacrylonitrile/blocked isocyanate prepolymer (PAN/BIP) fibrous membranes with superior hydrophobicity; meanwhile, crosslinking agent BIP ensured strong chemical binding between hydrocarbon segments and fiber substrate. The as-prepared PAN/BIP@HAR fibrous membranes achieve ideal properties with waterproofness of 112.5 kPa and moisture permeability of 12.7 kg m-2 d-1, which are comparable to the existing high-performance fluorinated WBMs. Besides, the PAN/BIP@HAR membranes also display impressive tensile strength and durability. Significantly, the proposed technology was also applicable to other hydrophilic fiber substrates, such as cellulose acetate and polyamide 6. The successful synthesis of environmentally friendly, durably waterproof, and highly breathable PAN/BIP@HAR membranes not only opens a new avenue to materials design, but also provides promising candidates with tremendous potential in various areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Qi Feng
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Fuwang Lei
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Ningbo Yi
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Feng Gan
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Shaobo Han
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Lihuan Wang
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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12
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Preparation of zinc oxide loaded polyurethane/polysulfone composite nanofiber membrane and study on its waterproof and moisture permeability properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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13
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Characterization of electrospun polyurethane/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber for protective textiles. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Yao Y, Guo Y, Li X, Yu J, Ding B. Asymmetric Wettable, Waterproof, and Breathable Nanofibrous Membranes for Wound Dressings. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:3287-3293. [PMID: 35014415 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progression in wound treatment, the development of wound dressings with considerable skin regeneration capability and improved patient comfort still faces huge challenges. In this study, a type of asymmetric wettable gradient nanofibrous membrane, which is composed of a hydrophobic polyvinyl butyral (PVB)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) upper layer, a PVB-PDMS/gelatin middle layer, and a hydrophilic gelatin lower layer, has been fabricated. The PVB-PDMS upper layer gave dramatically elevated water contact angles from 71.27° to 125.45° as compared with the gelatin membrane, indicating an asymmetric wettability. The composite membrane exhibited outstanding waterproof capability with a hydrostatic pressure of 58.21 kPa, excellent breathability with a water vapor transmission rate of 8.80 kg m-2 d-1, improved stretchability and tear resistance, and dramatic improvement in mesenchymal stem cell recruitment with the immobilization of stromal-cell-derived factor-1α for accelerating skin regeneration. The development of asymmetric wettable nanofibrous membranes offers insight into wound-dressing design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuxia Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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15
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Short-Branched Fluorinated Polyurethane Coating Exhibiting Good Comprehensive Performance and Potential UV Degradation in Leather Waterproofing Modification. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current leather market, waterproof leather occupies a large proportion, where waterproofness has become one of the important standards for leather selection. However, the most advanced fluorine-containing waterproofing agents on the market always have long chains of over eight carbons (C8), whose use has been restricted due to their bioaccumulation and recalcitrance in natural environment. Consequently, creating waterproof materials characterized by their environmentally friendly qualities and high performance is of great significance. Herein, we report a novel strategy for preparation of the fluorinated polyurethanes containing short branched fluorocarbon chains, and apply it in leather waterproofing. Because the fluorine-containing chain segments are enriched on the coating surface, the waterproof agent coating shows good hydrophobicity, low water absorption, high wear resistance and potential photodegradation of performances. Additionally, the water and oil proof performances of the coating are comparable to that of the marketed C8 waterproofing agent. Its solvent-resistant and antifouling performances are also outstanding. Therefore, the coating can meet the property requirements for daily use and has broad application prospects.
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16
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Lan L, Xiong J, Gao D, Li Y, Chen J, Lv J, Ping J, Ying Y, Lee PS. Breathable Nanogenerators for an On-Plant Self-Powered Sustainable Agriculture System. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5307-5315. [PMID: 33687191 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Building an intelligent interface between plants and the environment is of paramount importance for real-time monitoring of the health status of plants, especially promising for high agricultural yield. Although the advancement of various sensors allows automated monitoring, developing a sustainable power supply for these electronic devices remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a waterproof and breathable triboelectric nanogenerator (WB-TENG) is designed based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) nanofibers embedded with fluorinated carbon nanotubes (F-CNT) microspheres, which was realized by simultaneous electrospinning and electrospraying, respectively. Using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as the electrode, the WB-TENG shows micro-to-nano hierarchical porous structures and high electrostatic adhesion, exhibiting a high output power density of 330.6 μW cm-2, breathability, and hydrophobicity. Besides, the WB-TENG can be conformally self-attached to plant leaves without sacrificing the intrinsic physiological activities of plants, capable of harvesting typical environmental energy from wind and raindrops. Results demonstrate that the WB-TENG can serve as a sustainable power supply for a wireless plant sensor, enabling real-time monitoring of the health status of plants. This work realizes the concept of constructing a plant compatible TENG with environment adaptivity and energy scavenging ability, showing great potential in building a self-powered agriculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dace Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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17
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Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030341. [PMID: 33808008 PMCID: PMC8001957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatillomania or skin picking disorder (SPD) is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual’s health and quality of life. The current treatment strategies focus on behavioral and pharmacological therapies that are not very effective. Thus, the primary objective of this review is to provide an introduction to SPD and discuss its current treatment strategies as well as to propose biomaterial-based physical barrier strategies as a supporting or alternative treatment. To this end, searches were conducted within the PubMed database and Google Scholar, and the results obtained were organized and presented as per the following categories: prevalence, etiology, consequences, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies. Furthermore, special attention was provided to alternative treatment strategies and biomaterial-based physical treatment strategies. A total of six products with the potential to be applied as physical barrier strategies in supporting SPD treatment were shortlisted and discussed. The results indicated that SPD is a complex, underestimated, and underemphasized neuropsychiatric disorder that needs heightened attention, especially with regard to its treatment and care. Moreover, the high synergistic potential of biomaterials and nanosystems in this area remains to be explored. Certain strategies that are already being utilized for wound healing can also be further exploited, particularly as far as the prevention of infections is concerned.
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18
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Yue Y, Gong X, Jiao W, Li Y, Yin X, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. In-situ electrospinning of thymol-loaded polyurethane fibrous membranes for waterproof, breathable, and antibacterial wound dressing application. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 592:310-318. [PMID: 33676193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin-like flexible membrane with excellent water resistance and moisture permeability is an urgent need in the wound dressing field to provide comfort and protection for the wound site. Despite efforts that have been made in the development of waterproof and breathable (W&B) membranes, the in-situ electrospinning of W&B membranes suitable for irregular wound surfaces as wound dressings still faces huge challenges. In the current work, a portable electrospinning device with multi-functions, including adjustable perfusion speed for a large range from 0.05 mL/h to 10 mL/h and high voltage up to 11 kV, was designed. The thymol-loaded ethanol-soluble polyurethane (EPU) skin-like W&B nanofibrous membranes with antibacterial activity were fabricated via the custom-designed device. Ultimately, the resultant nanofibrous membranes composed of EPU, fluorinated polyurethane (FPU), and thymol presented uniform structure, robust waterproofness with the hydrostatic pressure of 17.6 cm H2O, excellent breathability of 3.56 kg m-2 d-1, the high tensile stress of 1.83 MPa and tensile strain of 453%, as well as high antibacterial activity. These results demonstrate that the new-type device has potential as a portable electrospinning apparatus for the fabrication of antibacterial membranes directly on the wound surface and puts a new way for the development of portable electrospinning devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China.
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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19
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Zou F, Li G, Wang X, Yarin AL. Dynamic hydrophobicity of superhydrophobic PTFE-SiO2 electrospun fibrous membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Zhou W, Yu X, Li Y, Jiao W, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. Green-Solvent-Processed Fibrous Membranes with Water/Oil/Dust-Resistant and Breathable Performances for Protective Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2081-2090. [PMID: 33351576 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) are highly demanded worldwide due to their promising applications in outdoor protective clothing, medical hygiene, and electronic devices. However, the design of such materials integrated with environmental friendliness and high functionality has been considered a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report the green-solvent-processed polyamide fibrous membranes with amphiphobicity and bonding structure via ethanol-based electrospinning and water-based impregnating techniques, endowing the fibrous membranes with outstanding water/oil/dust-resistant and good breathable properties. The developed green smart fibrous membranes exhibit integrated properties with robust water and oil intrusion pressures of 101.2 and 32.4 kPa, respectively, excellent dust removal efficiency of above 99.9%, good water vapor transmission rate of 11.2 kg m-2 d-1, air permeability of 2.6 mm s-1, tensile strength of 15.6 MPa, and strong toughness of 22.8 MJ m-3, enabling the membranes to protect human beings and electronic devices effectively. This work may shed light on designing the next generation green smart fibrous WBMs for protective textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Wenling Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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21
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Yi L, Wang S, Wang L, Yao J, Marek J, Zhang M. A waterproof and breathable nanofibrous membrane with thermal‐regulated property for multifunctional textile application. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Shuoshuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Juming Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Jaromir Marek
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations Technical University of Liberec Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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22
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Zhang Y, Li T, Shiu B, Sun F, Ren H, Zhang X, Lou C, Lin J. Mass production and effect of polyurethane/graphene coating on the durability and versatile protection of ultralight nylon fabrics. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Ting‐Ting Li
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | | | - Fei Sun
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Hai‐Tao Ren
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Xue‐Fei Zhang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Ching‐Wen Lou
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials Minjiang University Fuzhou China
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, College of Textile and Clothing Qingdao University Shandong China
| | - Jia‐Horng Lin
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy‐Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
- Ocean College Minjiang University Fuzhou China
- Advanced Medical Care and Protection Technology Research Center, College of Textile and Clothing Qingdao University Shandong China
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
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23
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Li H, Ma Y, Liang Z, Wang Z, Cao Y, Xu Y, Zhou H, Lu B, Chen Y, Han Z, Cai S, Feng X. Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:849-862. [PMID: 34692108 PMCID: PMC8288864 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhouheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shisheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Zhao J, Wang X, Xu Y, He P, Si Y, Liu L, Yu J, Ding B. Multifunctional, Waterproof, and Breathable Nanofibrous Textiles Based on Fluorine-Free, All-Water-Based Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:15911-15918. [PMID: 32141740 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing environmentally benign, multifunctional waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) is of great importance but still faces enormous challenges. Here, an environmentally benign fluorine-free, ultraviolet (UV) blocking, and antibacterial WBM with a high level of waterproofness and breathability is developed on a large scale by combining electrospinning and step-by-step surface coating technology. Fluorine-free water-based alkylacrylates with long hydrocarbon chains were coated onto polyamide 6 fibrous membranes to construct robust hydrophobic surfaces. The subsequent titanium dioxide nanoparticle emulsion coating prominently decreased the maximum pore size, leading to higher water resistance, endowing the membranes with efficient UV-resistant and antibacterial properties. The resulting fibrous membranes possessed excellent waterproofness of 106.2 kPa, exceptional breathability of 10.3 kg m-2 d-1, a significant UV protection factor of 430.5, together with a definite bactericidal efficiency of 99.9%. We expect that this methodology for construction of environmentally benign and multifunctional WBMs will shed light on the material design, and the prepared membranes could implement their promising applications in covering materials, outdoor equipment, protective clothing, and high-altitude garments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Yuanqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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25
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Zhao J, Zhu W, Wang X, Liu L, Yu J, Ding B. Fluorine-Free Waterborne Coating for Environmentally Friendly, Robustly Water-Resistant, and Highly Breathable Fibrous Textiles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1045-1054. [PMID: 31877025 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) with simultaneous environmental friendliness and high performance are highly desirable in a broad range of applications; however, creating such materials still remains a tough challenge. Herein, we present a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate fluorine-free, efficient, and biodegradable WBMs via step-by-step dip-coating and heat curing technology. The hyperbranched polymer (ECO) coating containing long hydrocarbon chains provided an electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous matrix with high hydrophobicity; meanwhile, the blocked isocyanate cross-linker (BIC) coating ensured the strong attachment of hydrocarbon segments on CA surfaces. The resulting membranes (TCA) exhibited integrated properties with waterproofness of 102.9 kPa, breathability of 12.3 kg m-2 d-1, and tensile strength of 16.0 MPa, which are much superior to that of previously reported fluorine-free fibrous materials. Furthermore, TCA membranes can sustain hydrophobicity after exposure to various harsh environments. More importantly, the present strategy proved to be universally applicable and effective to several other hydrophilic fibrous substrates. This work not only highlights the material design and preparation but also provides environmentally friendly and high-performance WBMs with great potential application prospects for a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Weixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
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26
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Guo Y, Zhou W, Wang L, Dong Y, Yu J, Li X, Ding B. Stretchable PDMS Embedded Fibrous Membranes Based on an Ethanol Solvent System for Waterproof and Breathable Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5949-5956. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lihuan Wang
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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Facile fabrication of fluorine-free breathable poly(methylhydrosiloxane)/polyurethane fibrous membranes with enhanced water-resistant capability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:541-548. [PMID: 31476486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ideal breathable and waterproof materials contain two key elements: hydrophobic matrix and small pore size. Current high-performing breathable waterproof membranes usually employ fluorinated materials to construct hydrophobic surface, which possess alarming potential environmental hazards. Fluorine-free waterproof agents through coating treatment to obtain hydrophobicity suffer from complicated fabrication process and poor durability. Hence, non-fluorinated chemicals incorporated into fibers via a facile one-step electrospinning may be an effective approach to attain durable hydrophobic membranes. EXPERIMENTS Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)/polyurethane (PMHS/PU) solution with various PMHS concentration was formulated and electrospun to fibrous membranes, followed by a facile thermal treatment process. A systematic study including morphologies, porous structure, and surface wettability was performed. Breathable waterproof performance and tensile strength were also investigated. FINDINGS Added PMHS imparted mighty hydrophobicity to the membranes with a water contact angle of 130.2°, and the subsequent heat treatment greatly improved waterproofness, meanwhile doubled the tensile strength. The resultant membranes exhibited robust hydrostatic pressure of 54.1 kPa, medium breathability of 9.5 kg m-2 d-1, and excellent stretching stress of 14.1 MPa, which can meet the requirements of general use. The presented strategy on membrane fabrication is feasible and scalable, which may be considered as an effective remedy for environmental protection.
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Bramhecha I, Sheikh J. Development of Sustainable Citric Acid-Based Polyol To Synthesize Waterborne Polyurethane for Antibacterial and Breathable Waterproof Coating of Cotton Fabric. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Bramhecha
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Javed Sheikh
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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29
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Yu X, Li Y, Yin X, Wang X, Han Y, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. Corncoblike, Superhydrophobic, and Phase-Changeable Nanofibers for Intelligent Thermoregulating and Water-Repellent Fabrics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39324-39333. [PMID: 31566350 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The comfort and protection of clothes are critically important for human well-being in life; however, constructing multifunctional fabrics with excellent thermoregulating and water-repellent performance still presents an exciting scientific challenge and a significant technological advancement. Therefore, we report a novel and straightforward methodology to fabricate corncoblike and phase-changeable nanofibers by incorporating n-octadecane phase change capsules (PCCs) for creating water-repellent and thermoregulating nanofibrous membranes. This strategy causes PCC to be uniformly distributed on the nanofibers to form a unique corncoblike structure, preventing the abscission of PCC and the leakage of the phase change ingredient (n-octadecane). Besides, the resultant nanofibrous membranes are endowed with hierarchical roughness, small pore size, and energy storage/release capacity in response to environmental changes. As a consequence, the nanofibrous membranes present prominent water repellence with superhydrophobicity (a water contact angle of 153°) and a high hydrostatic pressure of 84 kPa, robust mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 9.2 MPa, as well as excellent hybrid active-passive thermal regulation with a water vapor transmittance rate of 11.4 kg m-2 d-1 and a high phase change enthalpy of 74 J g-1 after 50 heating/cooling cycles, indicating them to be an exceptional candidate for personal protection and thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Yang Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Yuhao Han
- China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
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30
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Khattab TA, Fouda MMG, Abdelrahman MS, Othman SI, Bin-Jumah M, Alqaraawi MA, Al Fassam H, Allam AA. Development of Illuminant Glow-in-the-Dark Cotton Fabric Coated by Luminescent Composite with Antimicrobial Activity and Ultraviolet Protection. J Fluoresc 2019; 29:703-710. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Liu J, Cui K, Zhao QL, Huang J, Jiang T, Ma Z. New ABA tri-block copolymers of poly(tert-butylacrylate)-b-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate)-b-poly(tert-butylacrylate): Synthesis, self-assembly and fabrication of their porous films, spheres, and fibers. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Yu X, Wu X, Si Y, Wang X, Yu J, Ding B. Waterproof and Breathable Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1800931. [PMID: 30725509 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Waterproof and breathable (W&B) membranes combine fascinating properties of resistance to liquid water penetration and transmitting of water vapor, playing a key role in addressing problems related to health, resources, and energy. Electrospinning is an efficient and advanced way to construct nanofibrous materials with easily tailored wettability and adjustable pore structure, therefore providing an ideal strategy for constructing W&B membranes. In this review, recent progress on electrospun W&B membranes is summarized, involving materials design and fabrication, basic properties of electrospun W&B membranes associated with waterproofness and breathability, as well as their applications. In addition, challenges and future trends of electrospun W&B membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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33
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Li TT, Liu L, Gao ML, Han ZB. A highly stable nanofibrous Eu-MOF membrane as a convenient fluorescent test paper for rapid and cyclic detection of nitrobenzene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4941-4944. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00305c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ growing Eu-MOF crystals on electrospun nanofibers as a convenient fluorescent test paper for rapid and cyclic detection of nitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
- College of Material Science and Engineering
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Gao
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Bo Han
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
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