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Navarro-Suárez AM, Shaffer MSP. Designing Structural Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems: A Perspective on the Role of Device Chemistry. Front Chem 2022; 9:810781. [PMID: 35047483 PMCID: PMC8762199 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.810781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural energy storage devices (SESDs), designed to simultaneously store electrical energy and withstand mechanical loads, offer great potential to reduce the overall system weight in applications such as automotive, aircraft, spacecraft, marine and sports equipment. The greatest improvements will come from systems that implement true multifunctional materials as fully as possible. The realization of electrochemical SESDs therefore requires the identification and development of suitable multifunctional structural electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Different strategies are available depending on the class of electrochemical energy storage device and the specific chemistries selected. Here, we review existing attempts to build SESDs around carbon fiber (CF) composite electrodes, including the use of both organic and inorganic compounds to increase electrochemical performance. We consider some of the key challenges and discuss the implications for the selection of device chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Navarro-Suárez
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, United Kingdom
| | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Cai J, Kuo-Leblanc C, Naraghi M. Nanomechanical tests on continuous near-field electrospun PAN nanofibers reveal abnormal mechanical and morphology size effects. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xie F, Wang Y, Zhuo L, Jia F, Ning D, Lu Z. Electrospun Wrinkled Porous Polyimide Nanofiber-Based Filter via Thermally Induced Phase Separation for Efficient High-Temperature PMs Capture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56499-56508. [PMID: 33275401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from its superior thermal stability, polyimide (PI) fiber-based composites have attracted wide attention in the field of high-temperature filtration and separation. However, the trade-off between filtration efficiency and pressure drop of traditional PI filters with single morphology and structure still remains challenging. Herein, the electrospun PI high-temperature-resistant air filter was fabricated via thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS), employing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a template. The PI nanofibers exhibited special wrinkled porous structure, and the filter possessed a high specific surface area of 304.77 m2/g. The removal of PAN changed the chemical composition of the fiber and induced PI molecules to form complex folds on the surface of the fiber, thus forming the wrinkled porous structure. Additionally, the wrinkled porous PI nanofiber filter displayed a high PM0.3 removal efficiency of 99.99% with a low pressure drop of 43.35 Pa at room temperature, and the filtration efficiency was still over 97% after being used for long time. Moreover, the efficiency of the filter could even reach 95.55% at a high temperature of 280 °C. The excellent filtration performance was attributed to the special wrinkled porous surface, which could limit the Brownian motion of PMs and reinforce the mechanical interception effect to capture the particulate matters (PMs) on the surface of the filter. Therefore, this work provided a novel strategy for the fabrication of filters with special morphology to cope with increasingly serious air pollution in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xie
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Longhai Zhuo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fengfeng Jia
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Doudou Ning
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhaoqing Lu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Kavosi J, Creasy TS, Palazzolo A, Naraghi M. Crosslinked network microstructure of carbon nanomaterials promotes flaw-tolerant mechanical response. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315606. [PMID: 32315994 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8b92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), are chemically inert in their highly graphitic forms. Various post processing methods can activate their surfaces to enhance their interactions with a host matrix in a nanocomposite. Chemical surface functionalization is used often. This method however can lead to major strength loss in nanomaterials stemming from induced surface defects (changing sp2 bonds to sp3 bonds). In this manuscript, we have experimentally studied the mechanical properties of the individual, pyrolysis-fabricated CNFs. These CNFs have a highly crosslinked 3D network of C-C bonds. The strength of CNFs has been studied as a function of O/C ratio. The loss in strength due to functionalization has been compared to that of other carbon nanomaterials with layered strcutures (CNT and graphene). Comparisons were also made with carbon microfibers. Fracture strength estimations of the critical flaw size in CNFs, CNTs and graphene were also made. The results revealed that despite having high surface area, carbon nanomaterials with crosslinked microstructure are resilient to flaws as big (deep) as 10-30 nm, while nanomaterials with layered structure (such as CNTs) experience a dramatic loss in strength with much lower flaw sizes. Hence, it seems that graphitic nanomaterials such as graphene and CNT have high strenght that, although higher than CNFs, comes at a cost to flaw tolerance and robustness. Since failure is often progressive, this work demonstrates a benefit that crosslinked nanomaterials have over highly graphitic ones, such as CNTs, in load bearing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Kavosi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3409 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3409, United States of America
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