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Song Y, Feng S, Qin W, Ma J. Mechanism of catalytic ozonation in expanded graphite aqueous suspension for the degradation of organic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:739-750. [PMID: 34534044 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1983024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, expanded graphite (EG) was prepared by the oxidation and intercalation of the natural flake graphite using perchloric acid and potassium permanganate at different expansion temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600°C), and were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). EG prepared at 500°C was found to be highly effective for the mineralization of oxalic acid aqueous solution during ozonation at pH 3, which was ascribed to the formation of hydroxyl radicals from the surface reaction of surface hydroxyl groups on EG with ozone. The performance of expanded graphite in this catalytic system was basically unchanged after three repeated use. The presence of Cl-, SO42-, HPO42-/H2PO4- and NO3- could inhibit the degradation of oxalic acid in catalytic ozonation with EG. Degradations of oxamic acid and pyruvic acid in catalytic ozonation with EG were pH-dependent, which were lower than that of oxalic acid. The degradations of oxalic acid and oxamic acid were identified as mineralization process by the determination of TOC, while pyruvic acid may transform into organic products such as acetic acid by O3/EG. Manganese ion (Mn2+) could promote the degradation of oxalic acid by O3/EG at pH 3 because permanganate was produced by O3/EG in oxalic acid solution and then reacted with oxalic acid readily at acidic pH. Catalytic ozonation by EG exhibited great application potential for the destruction of refractory organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Wang D, Yang Z, Lu X, Wang L, Song S, Ma J. 催化臭氧净水过程中催化材料晶面的作用. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang G, Jiang A, Huang X, Yuan T, Wu H, Li L, Liu Z. Mechanism of One-Step Hydrothermally Synthesized Titanate Catalysts for Ozonation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092706. [PMID: 35566056 PMCID: PMC9103479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A titanate nanotube catalyst for ozonation was synthesized with a simple one-step NaOH hydrothermal treatment without energy-consuming calcination. The synthesized titania catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, porosimetry analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. The catalyst treated with a higher concentration of NaOH was found to be more catalytically active for phenol removal due to its higher titanate content that would facilitate more OH groups on its surface. Furthermore, the main active oxidizing species of the catalytic ozonation process were recognized as singlet oxygen and superoxide radical, while the hydroxyl radical may only play a minor role. This work provides further support for the correlation between the properties of titania and catalytic performance, which is significant for understanding the mechanism of catalytic ozonation with titania-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geshan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-571-8832-0412 (G.Z.)
| | - Anhua Jiang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Xinwen Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (X.H.); Tel.: +86-571-8832-0412 (G.Z.)
| | - Tian Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hanrui Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lichun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zongjian Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (L.L.); (Z.L.)
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Wang D, Xu J, Zhu Y, Wen L, Ye J, Shen Y, Zeng T, Lu X, Ma J, Wang L, Song S. HKUST-1-derived highly ordered Cu nanosheets with enriched edge sites, stepped (211) surfaces and (200) facets for effective electrochemical CO 2 reduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130408. [PMID: 34126676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrode composed of Cu nanosheets constructed from nanoparticles was synthesized by in situ electrochemical derivation from the metal-organic framework (MOF) HKUST-1. The prepared derivative electrode (HE-Cu) exhibited higher Faradaic efficiency (FE, 56.0%) of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) compared with that of pristine Cu foil (p-Cu, 32.3%) at an overpotential of -1.03 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). HE-Cu also exhibited lower onset potential of CO2R as well as inhibiting the H2 evolution reaction. Electrochemical measurements revealed that HE-Cu exhibited higher CO2 adsorption (1.58-fold) and a larger electrochemical active surface area (1.24-fold) compared with p-Cu. Physicochemical characterization and Tafel analysis showed that stepped Cu (211) surfaces, (200) facets and Cu edge atoms on HE-Cu contributed significantly to the enhanced CO2R activity and/or HCOOH and/or C2 product selectivity. The FEs of HCOOH and C2 products for HE-Cu increased 1.57-fold and 10.6-fold at an overpotential of -1.19 V vs. RHE compared with p-Cu. Although CH4 was produced on p-Cu, its formation was totally suppressed on HE-Cu due to the increase of edge sites and (200) facets. Our study demonstrates that electroreduction of MOFs is a promising method to prepare novel and stable electrochemical catalysts with unique surface structures. The fabricated derivative electrode not only promoted electrochemical CO2R activity but also exhibited high C2 product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China; School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jinli Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Lingsha Wen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jiexu Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lizhang Wang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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Jin X, Wu C, Tian X, Wang P, Zhou Y, Zuo J. A magnetic-void-porous MnFe 2O 4/carbon microspheres nano-catalyst for catalytic ozonation: Preparation, performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 7:100110. [PMID: 36160694 PMCID: PMC9488059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2021.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment is essential to guarantee human health and ecological security. Catalytic ozonation with nanocatalysts is a widely studied and efficient treatment technology. However, this method has always been limited by nanocatalysts disadvantages such as easily loss, difficult to separate and reuse, and catalytic ability decay caused by aggregation, which could cause severe resources waste and potential risk to human health and ecosystem. To remedy these challenges, a magnetic-void-porous MnFe2O4/carbon microsphere shell nanocatalyst (CMS-MnFe2O4) was successfully synthesized using renewable natural microalgae. The separation test showed CMS-MnFe2O4 was rapidly separated within 2 min under an external magnetic field. In catalytic ozonation of oxalic acid (OA), CMS-MnFe2O4 showed efficient and stable catalytic efficiency, reaching a maximum total organic carbon removal efficiency of 96.59 % and maintained a 93.88 % efficiency after 4 cycles. The stable catalytic efficiency was due to the supporting effects of the carbon microsphere shell, which significantly enhanced CMS-MnFe2O4 chemical stability and reduced the metal ions leaching to 10-20 % of MnFe2O4 through electron transfer. To explore the catalytic mechanism, radical experiments were conducted and a new degradation pathway of OA involving superoxide anions rather than hydroxyl radicals was proposed. Consequently, this study suggests that an efficient, recyclable, stable, and durable catalyst for catalytic ozonation could be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author. Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Xiangmiao Tian
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yuexi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Corresponding author. Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Chen W, Bao Y, Li X, Huang J, Xie J, Li L. Role of SiF groups in enhancing interfacial reaction of Fe-MCM-41 for pollutant removal with ozone. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122387. [PMID: 32135371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation had met the bottlenecks when treating low concentration but high toxic pollutants: (i) the low mass transfer efficiency of ozone and pollutants to hydrophilic catalyst; (ii) the negative impact of coexisted water matrixes. Herein, to enhance the mass transfer efficiency of reactants toward hydrophilic Fe-MCM-41 as well as enhance the interfacial reaction, the fluoride planting Fe-MCM-41 (F-Fe-MCM-41) was synthesized and employed as catalyst in catalytic ozonation for nitrobenzene (NB). Both NB and TOC removal were promoted in F-Fe-MCM-41/O3 with 99.0 % NB removal in 60 min and 88.6 % TOC removal in 120 min, which were superior to the degradation efficiency by O3 and Fe-MCM-41/O3. FTIR, EPR, Mössbauer spectra, 29Si NMR, 19F NMR et al verified that the replacement of non-reactive silanols (-Si-OH) of Fe-MCM-41 with SiF groups could enhance its hydrophobicity, Lewis acidity and mass transfer effect. Comparative characterizations, experiments and theoretical calculations verified that interfacial reaction played the major role over liquid phase reaction for NB degradation in F-Fe-MCM-41/O3. Moreover, the strengthened interfacial reaction also reduced the OH scavenging effect of water matrix, such as humic acid and carbonate. The interfacial adjustment method proposed in this study provided a novel insight into catalyst design and water treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yixiang Bao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xukai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKJLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOCC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jinxin Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liang Z, Qi J, Gao X, Zhang W, Cao R. Controlled synthesis of hexagonal annular Mn(OH)F for water oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guin JP, Neogy S, Kumar P, Bhardwaj YK. Complementary Bifunctional Unique Properties of (α,β)‐PbO Nanoparticles for Efficient Catalysis and Adsorption for Water Remediation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhimli Paul Guin
- Radiation Technology Development DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai– 400085 India
| | - Suman Neogy
- Mechanical Metallurgy DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai– 400085 India
| | - Pranaw Kumar
- Fuel Chemistry DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai– 400085 India
| | - Yatender K. Bhardwaj
- Radiation Technology Development DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai– 400085 India
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Zhao S, Shi Z, Guo CX, Li CM. A high-energy-state biomimetic enzyme of oxygen-deficient MnTiO3 nanodiscs for sensitive electrochemical sensing of the superoxide anion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7836-7839. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-energy-state biomimetic enzyme for the superoxide anion is presented by inducing surface oxygen defects in MnTiO3 nanodiscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenfei Zhao
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Shi
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chun Xian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology & Material
| | - Chang Ming Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
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Zhao Z, Long Y, Luo S, Wu W, Ma J. Preparation of a magnetic mesoporous Fe3O4–Pd@TiO2 photocatalyst for the efficient selective reduction of aromatic cyanides. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06508j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fe3O4–Pd@TiO2 exhibited extremely superior photocatalytic activity for the selective reduction of aromatic cyanides to aromatic primary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Sha Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Jiantai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- The Key Laboratory of Catalytic Engineering of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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Xia D, Xu W, Wang Y, Yang J, Huang Y, Hu L, He C, Shu D, Leung DYC, Pang Z. Enhanced Performance and Conversion Pathway for Catalytic Ozonation of Methyl Mercaptan on Single-Atom Ag Deposited Three-Dimensional Ordered Mesoporous MnO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13399-13409. [PMID: 30362732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Ag deposited three-dimensional MnO2 porous hollow microspheres (Ag/MnO2 PHMSs) with high dispersion of the atom level Ag species are first prepared by a novel method of redox precipitation. Due to the highly efficient utilization of downsized Ag nanoparticles, the optimal 0.3% Ag/MnO2 PHMSs can completely degrade 70 ppm CH3SH within 600 s, much higher than that of MnO2 PHMSs (79%). Additionally, the catalyst retains long-term stability and can be regenerated to its initial activity through regeneration with ethanol and HCl. The results of characterization of Ag/MnO2 PHMSs and catalytic performance tests clearly demonstrate that the proper amount of Ag incorporation not only facilitates the chemi-adsorption but also induces more formation of vacancy oxygen (Ov) and lattice oxygen (OL) in MnO2 as well as Ag species as activation sites to collectively favor the catalytic ozonation of CH3SH. Ag/MnO2 PHMSs can efficiently transform CH3SH into CH3SAg/CH3S-SCH3 and then oxidize them into SO42- and CO2 as evidenced by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Meanwhile, electron paramagnetic resonance and scavenger tests indicate that •OH and 1O2 are the primary reactive species rather than surface atomic oxygen species contributing to CH3SH removal over Ag/MnO2 PHMSs. This work presents an efficient catalyst of single atom Ag incorporated MnO2 PHMSs to control air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
- South China Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) , Guangzhou 510655 , PR China
| | - Yunchen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Jingling Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Yajing Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Lingling Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Chun He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Guangzhou , 510275 , China
| | - Dong Shu
- Key Lab of Technology on Electrochemical Energy Storage and Power Generation in Guangdong Universities, School of Chemistry and Environment , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , 510006 , China
| | - Dennis Y C Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong
| | - Zhihua Pang
- South China Institute of Environmental Science , Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) , Guangzhou 510655 , PR China
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